/** * 线索化二叉树的节点 */public class IndexNode { public int id; public String name; public IndexNode left; public IndexNode right; public IndexNode parent = null; // 后序线索化的时候需要使用 public boolean isLeftIndexed; // 0 表示left指针指向左子树, 1 表示left指针指向前驱节点 public boolean isRightIndexed; // 0 表示right指针指向右子树, 1 表示right指针指向后继节点 public IndexNode(int id, String name) { this.id = id; this.name = name; } @Override public String toString() { return "[" + id + "," + name + "]"; } // 前序遍历 public void preOrder() { System.out.println(this); if (left != null) left.preOrder(); if (right != null) right.preOrder(); } // 中序遍历 public void infixOrder() { if (left != null) left.infixOrder(); System.out.println(this); if (right != null) right.infixOrder(); } // 后序遍历 public void postOrder() { if (left != null) left.postOrder(); if (right != null) right.postOrder(); System.out.println(this); }}
/** * 实现线索化功能的二叉树 */public class IndexBinaryTree { IndexNode root; // 为了实现线索化,需要一个pre指针,指向当前节点的前驱 // 进行线索化的时候,pre总是指向前一个节点 IndexNode pre = null; /** 前序遍历 */ public void preOrder() { if (root == null) { System.out.println("空树,无法遍历"); return; } root.preOrder(); } /** 中序遍历 */ public void infixOrder() { if (root == null) { System.out.println("空树,无法遍历"); return; } root.infixOrder(); } /** 后序遍历 */ public void postOrder() { if (root == null) { System.out.println("空树,无法遍历"); return; } root.postOrder(); } /** 对二叉树进行中序线索化 */ public void infixOrderIndexTree() { if (root == null) return; infixOrderIndexTree(root); } /** 对二叉树进行前序线索化 */ public void preOrderIndexTree() { if (root == null) return; preOrderIndexTree(root); } /** 对二叉树进行后序线索化 */ public void postOrderIndexTree() { if (root == null) return; postOrderIndexTree(root); } /** 遍历经过中序线索化后的二叉树 */ public void showInfixOrderIndexedTree() { IndexNode cur = root; while (cur != null) { // cur一直循环向下找,找到 leftType = 1 的节点 while (!cur.isLeftIndexed) cur = cur.left; // 打印cur System.out.println(cur); // 若cur的右指针指向的是后继节点,就一直更新,然后输出 while (cur.isRightIndexed) { cur = cur.right; System.out.println(cur); } // 更新cur节点 cur = cur.right; } } /** 遍历经过前序线索化后的二叉树 */ public void showPreOrderIndexedTree() { IndexNode cur = root; while (cur != null) { while (cur.left != null && !cur.isLeftIndexed) { System.out.println(cur); cur = cur.left; } System.out.println(cur); if (cur.isLeftIndexed) cur = cur.right; while (cur != null && cur.isRightIndexed) { System.out.println(cur); cur = cur.right; } } } /** 遍历经过后序线索化后的二叉树 */ public void showPostOrderIndexedTree() { IndexNode cur = root; while (cur != null) { while (!cur.isLeftIndexed) cur = cur.left; while (cur != null && cur.isRightIndexed) { System.out.println(cur); pre = cur; cur = cur.right; } if (cur == root) { System.out.println(cur); return; } while (cur != null && cur.right == pre) { System.out.println(cur); pre = cur; cur = cur.parent; } if (cur != null && !cur.isRightIndexed) { cur = cur.right; } } } // 中序线索化的过程,node是当前需要线索化的节点 private void infixOrderIndexTree(IndexNode node) { // 1.递归向左线索化 if (node.left != null && !node.isLeftIndexed) infixOrderIndexTree(node.left); // 2.对当前节点进行线索化 indexCurrentNode(node); // 3.递归向右线索化 if (node.right != null && !node.isRightIndexed) infixOrderIndexTree(node.right); } // 前序线索化的过程 private void preOrderIndexTree(IndexNode node) { // 1.对当前节点进行线索化 indexCurrentNode(node); // 2.递归向左线索化 if (node.left != null && !node.isLeftIndexed) preOrderIndexTree(node.left); // 3.递归向右线索化 if (node.right != null && !node.isRightIndexed) preOrderIndexTree(node.right); } // 后序线索化的过程 private void postOrderIndexTree(IndexNode node) { // 1. 递归向左线索化 if (node.left != null && !node.isLeftIndexed) postOrderIndexTree(node.left); // 2. 递归向右线索化 if (node.right != null && !node.isRightIndexed) postOrderIndexTree(node.right); // 3. 对当前节点线索化 indexCurrentNode(node); } // 对当前节点进行线索化 private void indexCurrentNode(IndexNode current) { if (current.left == null) { // 让当前节点的左指针指向前驱(左指针为空,才可以进行,不空则说明已经指向左子树) current.left = pre; current.isLeftIndexed = true; // type 置为1,标记为指向的是前驱节点 } if (pre != null && pre.right == null) { // 让前驱的右指针,指向当前节点(前驱的右指针为空,才可进行,不空则说明已经指向右子树) pre.right = current; pre.isRightIndexed = true; // type 置为1,标记为指向的是后继节点 } // 处理完成后,要更新pre 为 当前节点,(让当前节点称为下一个节点的前驱) pre = current; }}
/** * 测试 * 1. 二叉树的中序遍历,先序遍历,后序遍历 * 2. 二叉树的中序索引化,先序索引化,后序索引化 * 3. 二叉树的中序索引化遍历,先序索引化遍历,后序索引化遍历 */public class IndexBinaryTreeDemo { private static IndexBinaryTree tree; private static IndexNode node5; public static void main(String[] args) { testInfix(); System.out.println("************************"); testPrefix(); System.out.println("************************"); testPost(); } private static void testPost() { IndexBinaryTreeDemo app = new IndexBinaryTreeDemo(); app.resetTree(); // 重置测试数据 System.out.println("后序遍历结果:"); tree.postOrder(); // 打印先序遍历结果 tree.postOrderIndexTree(); // 对二叉树进行先序索引化 // 测试节点[10, King]的前驱和后继 System.out.println("\n[10,King]的前驱和后继: "); System.out.println("前驱: " + node5.left); // [8,Mary] System.out.println("后继: " + node5.right);// [6,Smith] // 测试经过中序线索华后的遍历结果 System.out.println("\n经过后序线索化后的遍历结果:"); tree.showPostOrderIndexedTree(); } private static void testPrefix() { IndexBinaryTreeDemo app = new IndexBinaryTreeDemo(); app.resetTree(); // 重置测试数据 System.out.println("先序遍历结果:"); tree.preOrder(); // 打印先序遍历结果 tree.preOrderIndexTree(); // 对二叉树进行先序索引化 // 测试节点[10, King]的前驱和后继 System.out.println("\n[10,King]的前驱和后继: "); System.out.println("前驱: " + node5.left); // [8,Mary] System.out.println("后继: " + node5.right);// [6,Smith] // 测试经过中序线索华后的遍历结果 System.out.println("\n经过前序线索化后的遍历结果:"); tree.showPreOrderIndexedTree(); } private static void testInfix() { IndexBinaryTreeDemo app = new IndexBinaryTreeDemo(); app.resetTree(); //重置测试数据 System.out.println("中序遍历结果"); tree.infixOrder(); //打印中序遍历结果 tree.infixOrderIndexTree(); // 对二叉树进行中序遍历索引化 // 测试节点[10, King]的前驱和后继 System.out.println("\n[10,King]的前驱和后继: "); System.out.println("前驱: " + node5.left); // [3, Jack] System.out.println("后继: " + node5.right);// [1, Tom] // 测试经过中序线索化后的遍历结果 System.out.println("\n经过中序线索化后的遍历结果:"); tree.showInfixOrderIndexedTree(); } private void resetTree() { IndexNode root = new IndexNode(1, "Tom"); IndexNode node2 = new IndexNode(3, "Jack"); IndexNode node3 = new IndexNode(6, "Smith"); IndexNode node4 = new IndexNode(8, "Mary"); IndexNode node5 = new IndexNode(10, "King"); IndexNode node6 = new IndexNode(14, "Dim"); IndexBinaryTreeDemo.node5 = node5; // 供测试用 // 手动创建二叉树, parent指针用来辅助后序线索化 root.left = node2; node2.parent = root; root.right = node3; node3.parent = root; node2.left = node4; node4.parent = node2; node2.right = node5; node5.parent = node2; node3.left = node6; node6.parent = node3; tree = new IndexBinaryTree(); tree.root = root; }}