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在Java并发编程中,InheritableThreadLocal 与 ThreadLocal 都可以用于线程间通信,不同的是 InheritableThreadLocal 继承了 ThreadLocal,并且扩展了 ThreadLocal。使用类 InheritableThreadLocal 可使子线程继承父线程的值。相反,类 ThreadLocal 不能实现值继承。

使用示例:

public class LocalThread extends Thread {    private static InheritableThreadLocal local = new InheritableThreadLocal();    @Override    public void run() {        System.out.println("thread线程:"+ local.get());    }    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {        local.set("main的值");        LocalThread t = new LocalThread();        t.start();        System.out.println("main线程:"+ local.get());    }}

分析下 InheritableThreadLocal 类源码:

public class InheritableThreadLocal<T> extends ThreadLocal<T> {    /**     * Computes the child's initial value for this inheritable thread-local     * variable as a function of the parent's value at the time the child     * thread is created.  This method is called from within the parent     * thread before the child is started.     * <p>     * This method merely returns its input argument, and should be overridden     * if a different behavior is desired.     *     * @param parentValue the parent thread's value     * @return the child thread's initial value     */    protected T childValue(T parentValue) {        return parentValue;    }     /**     * Get the map associated with a ThreadLocal.     *     * @param t the current thread     */    ThreadLocalMap getMap(Thread t) {       return t.inheritableThreadLocals;    }     /**     * Create the map associated with a ThreadLocal.     *     * @param t the current thread     * @param firstValue value for the initial entry of the table.     */    void createMap(Thread t, T firstValue) {        t.inheritableThreadLocals = new ThreadLocalMap(this, firstValue);    }}

可以看到,getMap() 方法和 creatMap() 方法都是重写的 ThreadLocal 类方法,区别在于把 ThreadLocal 中的 threadLocals 换成了 inheritableThreadLocals,这两个变量都是ThreadLocalMap类型,并且都是Thread类的属性,源码如下:

/* ThreadLocal values pertaining to this thread. This map is maintained * by the ThreadLocal class. */ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap threadLocals = null;/* * InheritableThreadLocal values pertaining to this thread. This map is * maintained by the InheritableThreadLocal class. */ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap inheritableThreadLocals = null;

inheritableThreadLocal 如何实现值继承的呢?继续看下面的代码:

/** * Construct a new map including all Inheritable ThreadLocals * from given parent map. Called only by createInheritedMap. * * @param parentMap the map associated with parent thread. */private ThreadLocalMap(ThreadLocalMap parentMap) {    Entry[] parentTable = parentMap.table;    int len = parentTable.length;    setThreshold(len);    table = new Entry[len];    for (int j = 0; j < len; j++) {        Entry e = parentTable[j];        if (e != null) {            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")            ThreadLocal<Object> key = (ThreadLocal<Object>) e.get();            if (key != null) {                Object value = key.childValue(e.value);                Entry c = new Entry(key, value);                int h = key.threadLocalHashCode & (len - 1);                while (table[h] != null)                    h = nextIndex(h, len);                table[h] = c;                size++;            }        }    }}

在构造方法的完整源代码算法中可以发现,子线程将父线程中的 table 对象以复制的方式赋值给子线程的 table 数组,这个过程是在创建 Thread 类对象时发生的,也就说明当子线程对象创建完毕后,子线程中的数据就是主线程中旧的数据,主线程使用新的数据时,子线程还是使用旧的数据,因为主子线程使用两个 Entry[] 对象数组各自存储自己的值。

这部分涉及到 Java 的值传递。对于对象来说,值的内容其实是对象的引用。当在父线程中修改对象的某一属性,子线程由于引用着相同对象,所以可以感知到,本质上是在操作同一块内存地址。

对于基本数据类型(int、long)来说,由于传递的是值,在父线程改变了数据后,子线程依旧使用的是旧的数据。这里尤其要提 String 字符串,String 虽然不是基本数据类型,但是由于内部字符数组被 final 修饰带来的不可变型,当父线程修改其 String 类型数据时,等于替换掉该 String 对象,而并不是修改原 String 对象的值,所以子线程依旧不会发生变化。

另外,重写类 InheritableThreadLocal 的 childValue() 方法可以对继承的值进行加工,比如通过调用clone() 方法返回 parentValue 的浅拷贝,以达到子线程无法影响父线程的目的。

代码如下:

public class Local extends InheritableThreadLocal {    @Override    protected Object initialValue() {        return new Date();    }    @Override    protected Object childValue(Object parentValue) {        return parentValue+"[子线程增强版]";  // parentValue.clone();    }}

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【本文版权归微信公众号"代码艺术"(ID:onblog)所有,若是转载请务必保留本段原创声明,违者必究。若是文章有不足之处,欢迎关注微信公众号私信与我进行交流!】