开始虚拟机安装时我们就选择了lvm 进行磁盘分区的划分。后期磁盘不够时再加也很方便，于是就有了这个lvm的扩容。这台内部虚拟机主要做共享和数据备份，需要的磁盘空间比较大。下面记录lvm的扩容
扩容操作
首先增加一块新的磁盘，Centos 新增硬盘以后，系统不能自动进行识别
[root@samba]# fdisk -l磁盘 /dev/sda：536.9 GB, 536870912000 字节，1048576000 个扇区Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节磁盘标签类型：dos磁盘标识符：0x0007efbe 设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sda1 * 2048 501759 249856 83 Linux/dev/sda2 501760 1048575999 524037120 8e Linux LVM磁盘 /dev/mapper/vg-0：536.6 GB, 536610865152 字节，1048068096 个扇区Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节[root@samba]# lsblkNAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTsda 8:0 0 500G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 244M 0 part /boot└─sda2 8:2 0 499.8G 0 part └─vg-0 253:0 0 499.8G 0 lvm /sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom lsblk命令的英文是“list block”，即用于列出所有可用块设备的信息，而且还能显示他们之间的依赖关系（个人很喜欢这个命令，树状列出）
由于不知道新增硬盘挂载的位置，可以先查看现有硬盘挂载的适配器。
[root@samba]# ls -l /sys/block/sdalrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 5月 29 10:26 /sys/block/sda -> ../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:10.0/host16/target16:0:0/16:0:0:0/block/sda发现磁盘挂载到host16，可以尝试使用下边命令，重新扫描host16信息
[root@samba]# echo "- - -" > /sys/class/scsi_host/host16/scan[root@samba]# lsblkNAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTsda 8:0 0 500G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 244M 0 part /boot└─sda2 8:2 0 499.8G 0 part └─vg-0 253:0 0 499.8G 0 lvm /sdb 8:16 0 500G 0 disk sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom 磁盘分区以及格式化
[root@samba]# fdisk /dev/sdb欢迎使用 fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2)。更改将停留在内存中，直到您决定将更改写入磁盘。使用写入命令前请三思。Device does not contain a recognized partition table使用磁盘标识符 0x7bfce339 创建新的 DOS 磁盘标签。命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：m命令操作 a toggle a bootable flag b edit bsd disklabel c toggle the dos compatibility flag d delete a partition g create a new empty GPT partition table G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table l list known partition types m print this menu n add a new partition o create a new empty DOS partition table p print the partition table q quit without saving changes s create a new empty Sun disklabel t change a partition's system id u change display/entry units v verify the partition table w write table to disk and exit x extra functionality (experts only)命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：nPartition type: p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free) e extendedSelect (default p): p分区号 (1-4，默认 1)：1起始 扇区 (2048-1048575999，默认为 2048)：将使用默认值 2048Last 扇区, +扇区 or +size{K,M,G} (2048-1048575999，默认为 1048575999)：将使用默认值 1048575999分区 1 已设置为 Linux 类型，大小设为 500 GiB命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：wThe partition table has been altered!Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.正在同步磁盘。[root@samba]# fdisk -l磁盘 /dev/sda：536.9 GB, 536870912000 字节，1048576000 个扇区Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节磁盘标签类型：dos磁盘标识符：0x0007efbe 设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sda1 * 2048 501759 249856 83 Linux/dev/sda2 501760 1048575999 524037120 8e Linux LVM磁盘 /dev/mapper/vg-0：536.6 GB, 536610865152 字节，1048068096 个扇区Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节磁盘 /dev/sdb：536.9 GB, 536870912000 字节，1048576000 个扇区Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节磁盘标签类型：dos磁盘标识符：0x7bfce339 设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sdb1 2048 1048575999 524286976 83 Linux[root@samba]# mkfs -t xfs /dev/sdbmkfs.xfs: /dev/sdb appears to contain a partition table (dos).mkfs.xfs: Use the -f option to force overwrite.[root@samba]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdbmkfs.xfs: /dev/sdb appears to contain a partition table (dos).mkfs.xfs: Use the -f option to force overwrite.[root@samba]# mkfs.xfs -f /dev/sdbmeta-data=/dev/sdb isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=32768000 blks = sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1 = crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0data = bsize=4096 blocks=131072000, imaxpct=25 = sunit=0 swidth=0 blksnaming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=64000, version=2 = sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0查看vg逻辑卷组
[root@samba]# vgdisplay --- Volume group --- VG Name vg System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 2 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 1 Open LV 1 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size <499.76 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 127938 Alloc PE / Size 127938 / <499.76 GiB Free PE / Size 0 / 0 VG UUID kNi93D-daLZ-qYmt-hhzS-Kdm3-ZUHv-0eUYL3扩容vg
[root@samba]# vgextend vg /dev/sdbWARNING: xfs signature detected on /dev/sdb at offset 0. Wipe it? [y/n]: y Wiping xfs signature on /dev/sdb. Physical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully created. Volume group "vg" successfully extended[root@samba]# vgdisplay --- Volume group --- VG Name vg System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 2 Metadata Sequence No 3 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 1 Open LV 1 Max PV 0 Cur PV 2 Act PV 2 VG Size 999.75 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 255937 Alloc PE / Size 127938 / <499.76 GiB Free PE / Size 127999 / <500.00 GiB VG UUID kNi93D-daLZ-qYmt-hhzS-Kdm3-ZUHv-0eUYL3查看lv，把lv扩容到vg的剩余容量
[root@samba]# lvlvchange lvcreate lvextend lvmconf lvmdiskscan lvmetad lvmsadc lvreduce lvrename lvs lvconvert lvdisplay lvm lvmconfig lvmdump lvmpolld lvmsar lvremove lvresize lvscan [root@samba]# lvdisplay --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/vg/0 LV Name 0 VG Name vg LV UUID JQVovf-H4tM-kGNi-Nq9b-QRyE-QDIW-lAg2KP LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time samba, 2020-04-09 16:23:09 +0800 LV Status available # open 1 LV Size <499.76 GiB Current LE 127938 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 8192 Block device 253:0 [root@samba]# lvextend /dev/vg/0 /dev/sdb Size of logical volume vg/0 changed from <499.76 GiB (127938 extents) to 999.75 GiB (255937 extents). Logical volume vg/0 successfully resized.[root@samba]# lvdisplay --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/vg/0 LV Name 0 VG Name vg LV UUID JQVovf-H4tM-kGNi-Nq9b-QRyE-QDIW-lAg2KP LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time samba, 2020-04-09 16:23:09 +0800 LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 999.75 GiB Current LE 255937 Segments 2 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 8192 Block device 253:0 [root@samba]# lsblkNAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTsda 8:0 0 500G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 244M 0 part /boot└─sda2 8:2 0 499.8G 0 part └─vg-0 253:0 0 999.8G 0 lvm /sdb 8:16 0 500G 0 disk └─vg-0 253:0 0 999.8G 0 lvm /sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom 最后,让新增的空间在线生效.centos7 推荐用xfs文件格式。
[root@samba]# xfs_xfs_admin xfs_copy xfs_estimate xfs_fsr xfs_info xfs_logprint xfs_metadump xfs_ncheck xfs_repair xfs_bmap xfs_db xfs_freeze xfs_growfs xfs_io xfs_mdrestore xfs_mkfile xfs_quota xfs_rtcp [root@samba]# xfs_growfs -hxfs_growfs：无效选项 -- hUsage: xfs_growfs [options] mountpointOptions: -d grow data/metadata section -l grow log section -r grow realtime section -n don't change anything, just show geometry -i convert log from external to internal format -t alternate location for mount table (/etc/mtab) -x convert log from internal to external format -D size grow data/metadata section to size blks -L size grow/shrink log section to size blks -R size grow realtime section to size blks -e size set realtime extent size to size blks -m imaxpct set inode max percent to imaxpct -V print version information[root@samba]# xfs_growfs /meta-data=/dev/mapper/vg-0 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=32752128 blks = sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1 = crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0data = bsize=4096 blocks=131008512, imaxpct=25 = sunit=0 swidth=0 blksnaming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=63969, version=2 = sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0data blocks changed from 131008512 to 262079488到此，lvm扩容完成，最后查看一下
[root@samba]# df -h文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点devtmpfs 979M 0 979M 0% /devtmpfs 991M 0 991M 0% /dev/shmtmpfs 991M 18M 973M 2% /runtmpfs 991M 0 991M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup/dev/mapper/vg-0 1000G 267G 734G 27% //dev/sda1 241M 133M 109M 55% /boottmpfs 199M 0 199M 0% /run/user/1000