一、工具介绍

1、简介

Apache httpd本身是一个提供http服务工具.其内含一个 ApacheBench(ab) 命令,可用于模拟并发HTTP请求.
ab命令使用说明,见官网

2、适用场景

  • 1、只适用 http / https 协议
  • 2、请求参数只能写死，不能随机产生,合适像查询这种幂等接口压测
  • 3、产出简单报告（txt/html），不支持图

二、下载安装

1、Window下载安装

国内推荐下载地址

下载后解压即可使用，推荐配置解压路径到系统环境变量，这样以后命令窗口就能识别到ab命令.

懒人一键下载:
httpd-2.4.41-win64-VS16.zip、httpd-2.4.41-win32-VS16.zip

2、Linux安装

安装命令

sudo apt  install apache2

如果需要最小安装,不需要apache提供的http功能,则使用下面命令安装

sudo apt install apache2-utils

3、验证

在命令窗口输入 ab -h 命令后，能显示ab命令使用提示，即安装完成，如下。

~ » ab                                                                                                      linbo@LinBoab: wrong number of argumentsUsage: ab [options] [http[s]://]hostname[:port]/pathOptions are:    -n requests     Number of requests to perform    -c concurrency  Number of multiple requests to make at a time    -t timelimit    Seconds to max. to spend on benchmarking                    This implies -n 50000    -s timeout      Seconds to max. wait for each response                    Default is 30 seconds    -b windowsize   Size of TCP send/receive buffer, in bytes    -B address      Address to bind to when making outgoing connections    -p postfile     File containing data to POST. Remember also to set -T    -u putfile      File containing data to PUT. Remember also to set -T    -T content-type Content-type header to use for POST/PUT data, eg.                    'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'                    Default is 'text/plain'    -v verbosity    How much troubleshooting info to print    -w              Print out results in HTML tables    -i              Use HEAD instead of GET    -x attributes   String to insert as table attributes    -y attributes   String to insert as tr attributes    -z attributes   String to insert as td or th attributes    -C attribute    Add cookie, eg. 'Apache=1234'. (repeatable)    -H attribute    Add Arbitrary header line, eg. 'Accept-Encoding: gzip'                    Inserted after all normal header lines. (repeatable)    -A attribute    Add Basic WWW Authentication, the attributes                    are a colon separated username and password.    -P attribute    Add Basic Proxy Authentication, the attributes                    are a colon separated username and password.    -X proxy:port   Proxyserver and port number to use    -V              Print version number and exit    -k              Use HTTP KeepAlive feature    -d              Do not show percentiles served table.    -S              Do not show confidence estimators and warnings.    -q              Do not show progress when doing more than 150 requests    -l              Accept variable document length (use this for dynamic pages)    -g filename     Output collected data to gnuplot format file.    -e filename     Output CSV file with percentages served    -r              Don't exit on socket receive errors.    -m method       Method name    -h              Display usage information (this message)    -I              Disable TLS Server Name Indication (SNI) extension    -Z ciphersuite  Specify SSL/TLS cipher suite (See openssl ciphers)    -f protocol     Specify SSL/TLS protocol                    (SSL2, TLS1, TLS1.1, TLS1.2 or ALL)    -E certfile     Specify optional client certificate chain and private key

三、测试使用

1、命令格式

ab [选项/参数] [URL地址]

2、常用选项

参数说明
-c并发请求数量,默认1个
-n总请求数量
-T设置POST/PUT请求方式的Content-type请求头参数,如:<p>-T "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"</p>
-pPOST请求发送的请求数据,需要和-T参数一起配合使用
-uPUT请求发送的请求数据,需要和-T参数一起配合使用
-m自定义HTTP请求方法,如DELETE/HEAD
-H添加自定义请求头参数,使用冒号分离请求头的key和value,格式如:<p>-H "Accept-Encoding: zip/zop;8bit"</p>

3、使用例子

可以使用网上一些开发的服务.这里使用到一个Java Web服务，只需要本地安装JDK8或JDK8以上版本，即可直接运行.

这里已经打包好程序,只要命令窗口切换到
api-demo-v1.0.jar 所在目录,执行命令 java -jar api-demo-v1.0.jar --server.port=80 ,80表示使用80端口启动,如果80端口被占用,需要修改成其他端口,相应下面的请求端口也要跟着修改.

3.1、GET请求


模拟发起HTTP GET请求,并发10个,总共1000个请求,地址: http://10.10.67.16:80/users

3.1.1、执行命令
ab -n 1000 -c 10 http://10.10.67.16:80/users
3.1.2、输出结果
~ » ab -n 1000 -c 10 http://10.10.67.16:80/users                                                            linbo@LinBoThis is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1843412 $>Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/Benchmarking 10.10.67.16 (be patient)Completed 100 requestsCompleted 200 requestsCompleted 300 requestsCompleted 400 requestsCompleted 500 requestsCompleted 600 requestsCompleted 700 requestsCompleted 800 requestsCompleted 900 requestsCompleted 1000 requestsFinished 1000 requests# 服务器信息Server Software:Server Hostname:        10.10.67.16Server Port:            80Document Path:          /users  # 请求路径Document Length:        676 bytes   # 第一个成功返回的响应数据大小Concurrency Level:      10  # 并发请求数量Time taken for tests:   1.260 seconds   # 总耗时Complete requests:      1000    # 总请求数量Failed requests:        0   # 请求失败数量Total transferred:      795000 bytes    # 从服务器接收数据大小HTML transferred:       676000 bytes    # 接收HTML大小Requests per second:    793.48 [#/sec] (mean)   # 平均每秒请求数(总请求数量/总耗时)Time per request:       12.603 [ms] (mean)  # 平均每批请求耗时（一批=总请求数量/并发请求数量）Time per request:       1.260 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)   # 平均每个请求耗时Transfer rate:          616.03 [Kbytes/sec] received # 从服务器接收数据流量# 连接耗时详情Connection Times (ms)   #            最小值     均值     中值    最大值              min  mean[+/-sd] median   maxConnect:        0    4  58.1      0    1063     # 与服务连接耗时Processing:     2    4   5.2      3      72     # 服务器处理请求耗时Waiting:        2    4   5.0      3      72     # 响应数据传输耗时Total:          2    8  58.2      4    1066     # 总耗时# 整体响应时间分布比Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)      50%      4  66%      4  75%      5  80%      5  90%      7  95%      9  98%     20  99%     41 100%   1066 (longest request)

3.2、POST请求

3.2.1、构造请求参数

ab命令发起post请求，需要将参数放置到外部文件，用 -p 选项引入外部文件。文件中数据格式为

[key1]=[value1]&[key2]=[value2]&[key3]=[value3]

这里模拟post请求,新增用户
数据保存到ab-addUser.txt

3.2.2、执行命令
ab -n 100 -c 10 -p "ab-addUser.txt" -T "application/json;charset=UTF-8" http://10.10.67.16:80/users
3.2.3、输出结果
» ab -n 100 -c 10 -p "ab-addUser.txt" -T "application/json;charset=UTF-8" http://10.10.67.16:80/usersThis is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1843412 $>Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/Benchmarking 10.10.67.16 (be patient).....doneServer Software:Server Hostname:        10.10.67.16Server Port:            80Document Path:          /usersDocument Length:        0 bytesConcurrency Level:      10Time taken for tests:   1.118 secondsComplete requests:      100Failed requests:        0Total transferred:      9200 bytesTotal body sent:        20000HTML transferred:       0 bytesRequests per second:    89.48 [#/sec] (mean)Time per request:       111.761 [ms] (mean)Time per request:       11.176 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)Transfer rate:          8.04 [Kbytes/sec] received                        17.48 kb/s sent                        25.51 kb/s totalConnection Times (ms)              min  mean[+/-sd] median   maxConnect:        0   11 101.7      1    1018Processing:     3    8   6.3      6      35Waiting:        3    8   6.3      6      35Total:          4   19 101.6      7    1024Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)  50%      7  66%      8  75%     11  80%     12  90%     17  95%     25  98%     36  99%   1024 100%   1024 (longest request)
3.3、PUT请求

3.3.1、构造请求参数

跟POST请求差不多，需要进行请求参数准备，这里数据保存到ab-updateUser.txt

3.3.2、执行命令
ab -n 100 -c 10 -u "ab-updateUser.txt" -T "application/json;charset=UTF-8" http://10.10.67.16:80/users/1
3.2.3、输出结果
» ab -n 100 -c 10 -u "ab-updateUser.txt" -T "application/json;charset=UTF-8" http://10.10.67.16:80/users/1This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1843412 $>Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/Benchmarking 10.10.67.16 (be patient).....doneServer Software:Server Hostname:        10.10.67.16Server Port:            80Document Path:          /users/1Document Length:        0 bytesConcurrency Level:      10Time taken for tests:   0.101 secondsComplete requests:      100Failed requests:        0Total transferred:      9200 bytesTotal body sent:        21100HTML transferred:       0 bytesRequests per second:    994.81 [#/sec] (mean)Time per request:       10.052 [ms] (mean)Time per request:       1.005 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)Transfer rate:          89.38 [Kbytes/sec] received                        204.98 kb/s sent                        294.36 kb/s totalConnection Times (ms)              min  mean[+/-sd] median   maxConnect:        0    1   0.3      1       1Processing:     3    9   7.4      6      46Waiting:        3    8   6.8      5      46Total:          4    9   7.5      6      47Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)  50%      6  66%      8  75%     11  80%     12  90%     18  95%     27  98%     39  99%     47 100%     47 (longest request)

3.4、DELETE请求

DELETE请求一般用于资源的删除.这里使用到删除用户接口,一次请求成功后,该用户会被删除,所以多次请求没实际意义,这里只是列举例子参考,一般用不到.

3.4.1、执行命令
ab -m DELETE http://10.10.67.16/users/1

最后的路径参数1代表id=1的用户

3.4.2、输出结果
» ab -m DELETE http://10.10.67.16/users/1This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1843412 $>Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/Benchmarking 10.10.67.16 (be patient).....doneServer Software:Server Hostname:        10.10.67.16Server Port:            80Document Path:          /users/2Document Length:        0 bytesConcurrency Level:      1Time taken for tests:   0.005 secondsComplete requests:      1Failed requests:        0Total transferred:      92 bytesHTML transferred:       0 bytesRequests per second:    186.57 [#/sec] (mean)Time per request:       5.360 [ms] (mean)Time per request:       5.360 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)Transfer rate:          16.76 [Kbytes/sec] receivedConnection Times (ms)              min  mean[+/-sd] median   maxConnect:        1    1   0.0      1       1Processing:     5    5   0.0      5       5Waiting:        5    5   0.0      5       5Total:          5    5   0.0      5       5