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spring cloud的Netflix中提供了两个组件实现软负载均衡调用,分别是Ribbon和Feign。上一篇和大家一起学习了Ribbon。
Ribbon :Spring Cloud Ribbon是基于HTTP和TCP的客户端负载工具,它是基于Netflix Ribbon实现的,它可以在客户端配置 ribbonServerList(服务端列表),然后轮询请求以实现均衡负载。
Feign :spring cloud feign 是一个使用起来更加方便的 HTTP 客戶端。 在使用ribbon时,通常会使用RestTemplate实现对http请求的封装,形成了模板化的调用方法。spring cloud feign在此基础上做了进一步的封装,Feign是一种声明式、模板化的HTTP客户端。在Spring Cloud中使用Feign, 可以做到使用HTTP请求远程服务时能与调用本地方法一样的编码体验,完全感知不到这是远程方法,更感知不到这是个HTTP请求。

1、 新建项目sc-eureka-client-consumer-feign,对应的pom.xml文件如下

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>    <groupId>spring-cloud</groupId>    <artifactId>sc-eureka-client-consumer-feign</artifactId>    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>    <packaging>jar</packaging>    <name>sc-eureka-client-consumer-feign</name>    <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>    <parent>        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>        <version>2.0.4.RELEASE</version>    </parent>    <dependencyManagement>        <dependencies>            <dependency>                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>                <version>Finchley.RELEASE</version>                <type>pom</type>                <scope>import</scope>            </dependency>        </dependencies>    </dependencyManagement>    <properties>        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>    </properties>    <dependencies>            <!-- 说明是一个 eureka client -->        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>        </dependency>                <!-- <dependency>                 <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>                 <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>                 <version>1.4.5.RELEASE</version>            </dependency> -->        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>        </dependency>            </dependencies></project>

备注:spring cloud 2.x后spring-cloud-starter-feign已经被标识为过期,推荐使用spring-cloud-starter-openfeign

2、 新建spring boot启动类ConsumerFeignApplication.java

package sc.consumer;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;@SpringBootApplication@EnableEurekaClient@EnableFeignClientspublic class ConsumerFeignApplication {        public static void main(String[] args) {        SpringApplication.run(ConsumerFeignApplication.class, args);    }}

3、 创建配置文件bootstrap.yml和application.yml,对应的内容如下

bootstrap.yml

server:  port: 5800

application.yml

spring:  application:    name: sc-eureka-client-consumer-feigneureka:  client:    registerWithEureka: true #是否将自己注册到Eureka服务中,默认为true    fetchRegistry: true #是否从Eureka中获取注册信息,默认为true    serviceUrl:      defaultZone: http://localhost:5001/eureka/

4、 编写feign客户端

package sc.consumer.service;import java.util.Map;import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.DeleteMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PutMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import sc.consumer.model.User;@FeignClient(value="sc-eureka-client-provider")public interface UserService {    @GetMapping("/user/getUser/{id}")    Map<String, Object> getUser(@PathVariable(value ="id") Long id);    @RequestMapping("/user/listUser")    Map<String, Object> listUser();    @PostMapping("/user/addUser")    Map<String, Object> addUser(@RequestBody User user);    @PutMapping("/user/updateUser")    Map<String, Object> updateUser(@RequestBody User user);    @DeleteMapping("/user/deleteUser/{id}")    Map<String, Object> deleteUser(@PathVariable(value ="id") Long id);}

5、 分别启动注册中心项目sc-eureka-server和服务提供者sc-eureka-client-provider

6、 启动项目sc-eureka-client-consumer-feign,并验证是否启动成功
方法一

方法二

7、 使用postman验证
查询:
http://127.0.0.1:5800/feign/user/getUser/4

列表:
http://127.0.0.1:5800/feign/user/listUser

添加:
http://127.0.0.1:5800/feign/user/addUser

更新:
http://127.0.0.1:5800/feign/user/updateUser

删除:
http://127.0.0.1:5800/feign/user/deleteUser/6

备注:
sc-eureka-client-provider项目的UserController.java 需要修正

源码

https://gitee.com/hjj520/spring-cloud-2.x/tree/master/sc-eureka-client-consumer-feign