8web爬虫讲解2urllib库爬虫ip代理用户代理和ip代理结合应用 | 乐趣区

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使用IP代理

ProxyHandler()格式化IP，第一个参数，请求目标可能是http或者https,对应设置
build_opener()初始化IP
install_opener()将代理IP设置成全局,当使用urlopen()请求时自动使用代理IP

#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-import urllibimport urllib.requestimport random   #引入随机模块文件ip = "180.115.8.212:39109"proxy = urllib.request.ProxyHandler({"https":ip})                        #格式化IP,注意：第一个参数可能是http或者https，对应设置opener = urllib.request.build_opener(proxy,urllib.request.HTTPHandler)  #初始化IPurllib.request.install_opener(opener)       #将代理IP设置成全局,当使用urlopen()请求时自动使用代理IP#请求url = "https://www.baidu.com/"data = urllib.request.urlopen(url).read().decode("utf-8")print(data)

ip代理池构建一

适合IP存活时间长，稳定性好的代理ip，随机调用列表里的ip

#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-import urllibfrom urllib import requestimport random   #引入随机模块文件def dai_li_ip():    ip = [        '110.73.8.103:8123',        '115.46.151.100:8123',        '42.233.187.147:19'        ]    shui = random.choice(ip)    print(shui)    proxy = urllib.request.ProxyHandler({"https": shui})  # 格式化IP,注意，第一个参数，请求目标可能是http或者https,对应设置    opener = urllib.request.build_opener(proxy, urllib.request.HTTPHandler)  # 初始化IP    urllib.request.install_opener(opener)  # 将代理IP设置成全局,当使用urlopen()请求时自动使用代理IP#请求dai_li_ip() #执行代理IP函数url = "https://www.baidu.com/"data = urllib.request.urlopen(url).read().decode("utf-8")print(data)

ip代理池构建二，接口方式

每次调用第三方接口动态获取ip,适用于IP存活时间短的情况

我们用http://http.zhimaruanjian.com...

#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-import urllibfrom urllib import requestimport jsondef dai_li_ip():    url = "http://http-webapi.zhimaruanjian.com/getip?num=1&type=2&pro=&city=0&yys=0&port=11&time=1&ts=0&ys=0&cs=0&lb=1&sb=0&pb=4&mr=1"    data = urllib.request.urlopen(url).read().decode("utf-8")    data2 = json.loads(data)  # 将字符串还原它本来的数据类型    print(data2['data'][0])    ip = str(data2['data'][0]['ip'])    dkou = str(data2['data'][0]['port'])    zh_ip = ip + ':' + dkou    print(zh_ip)    proxy = urllib.request.ProxyHandler({"https": zh_ip})  # 格式化IP,注意，第一个参数，请求目标可能是http或者https,对应设置    opener = urllib.request.build_opener(proxy, urllib.request.HTTPHandler)  # 初始化IP    urllib.request.install_opener(opener)  # 将代理IP设置成全局,当使用urlopen()请求时自动使用代理IP#请求dai_li_ip() #执行代理IP函数url = "https://www.baidu.com/"data = urllib.request.urlopen(url).read().decode("utf-8")print(data)

用户代理和ip代理结合应用

#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-import urllibfrom urllib import requestimport jsonimport randomdef yh_dl():    #创建用户代理池    yhdl = [        'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-us) AppleWebKit/534.50 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1 Safari/534.50',        'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.0',        'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0)',        'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6; rv:2.0.1) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/4.0.1',        'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:2.0.1) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/4.0.1',        'Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; en) Presto/2.8.131 Version/11.11',        'Opera/9.80 (Windows NT 6.1; U; en) Presto/2.8.131 Version/11.11',        'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Maxthon 2.0)',        'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; TencentTraveler 4.0)',        'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1)',        'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; The World)',        'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; 360SE)',        'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Avant Browser)',        'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1)',        'Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; U; CPU iPhone OS 4_3_3 like Mac OS X; en-us) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8J2 Safari/6533.18.5',        'User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (iPod; U; CPU iPhone OS 4_3_3 like Mac OS X; en-us) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8J2 Safari/6533.18.5',        'Mozilla/5.0 (iPad; U; CPU OS 4_3_3 like Mac OS X; en-us) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8J2 Safari/6533.18.5',        'Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 2.3.7; en-us; Nexus One Build/FRF91) AppleWebKit/533.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/533.1',        'Opera/9.80 (Android 2.3.4; Linux; Opera Mobi/build-1107180945; U; en-GB) Presto/2.8.149 Version/11.10',        'Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 3.0; en-us; Xoom Build/HRI39) AppleWebKit/534.13 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Safari/534.13',        'Mozilla/5.0 (BlackBerry; U; BlackBerry 9800; en) AppleWebKit/534.1+ (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/6.0.0.337 Mobile Safari/534.1+',        'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows Phone OS 7.5; Trident/5.0; IEMobile/9.0; HTC; Titan)',        'UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999',        'NOKIA5700/ UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999',        'Openwave/ UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999',        'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; ) Opera/UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999'        ]    thisua = random.choice(yhdl)                    #随机获取代理信息    headers = ("User-Agent",thisua)                 #拼接报头信息    opener = urllib.request.build_opener()          #创建请求对象    opener.addheaders=[headers]                     #添加报头到请求对象    urllib.request.install_opener(opener)           #将报头信息设置为全局，urlopen()方法请求时也会自动添加报头def dai_li_ip():    #创建ip代理池    url = "http://http-webapi.zhimaruanjian.com/getip?num=1&type=2&pro=&city=0&yys=0&port=11&time=1&ts=0&ys=0&cs=0&lb=1&sb=0&pb=4&mr=1"    data = urllib.request.urlopen(url).read().decode("utf-8")    data2 = json.loads(data)  # 将字符串还原它本来的数据类型    print(data2['data'][0])    ip = str(data2['data'][0]['ip'])    dkou = str(data2['data'][0]['port'])    zh_ip = ip + ':' + dkou    print(zh_ip)    proxy = urllib.request.ProxyHandler({"https": zh_ip})  # 格式化IP,注意，第一个参数，请求目标可能是http或者https,对应设置    opener = urllib.request.build_opener(proxy, urllib.request.HTTPHandler)  # 初始化IP    urllib.request.install_opener(opener)  # 将代理IP设置成全局,当使用urlopen()请求时自动使用代理IP#请求dai_li_ip() #执行代理IP函数yh_dl()     #执行用户代理池函数gjci = '连衣裙'zh_gjci = gjc = urllib.request.quote(gjci)         #将关键词转码成浏览器认识的字符，默认网站不能是中文url = "https://s.taobao.com/search?q=%s&s=0" %(zh_gjci)# print(url)data = urllib.request.urlopen(url).read().decode("utf-8")print(data)

用户代理和ip代理结合应用封装模块

#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-import urllibfrom urllib import requestimport jsonimport randomimport reimport urllib.errordef hq_html(hq_url):    """    hq_html()封装的爬虫函数，自动启用了用户代理和ip代理    接收一个参数url,要爬取页面的url，返回html源码    """    def yh_dl():    #创建用户代理池        yhdl = [            'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-us) AppleWebKit/534.50 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1 Safari/534.50',            'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.0',            'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0)',            'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6; rv:2.0.1) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/4.0.1',            'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:2.0.1) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/4.0.1',            'Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; en) Presto/2.8.131 Version/11.11',            'Opera/9.80 (Windows NT 6.1; U; en) Presto/2.8.131 Version/11.11',            'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Maxthon 2.0)',            'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; TencentTraveler 4.0)',            'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1)',            'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; The World)',            'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; 360SE)',            'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Avant Browser)',            'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1)',            'Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; U; CPU iPhone OS 4_3_3 like Mac OS X; en-us) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8J2 Safari/6533.18.5',            'User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (iPod; U; CPU iPhone OS 4_3_3 like Mac OS X; en-us) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8J2 Safari/6533.18.5',            'Mozilla/5.0 (iPad; U; CPU OS 4_3_3 like Mac OS X; en-us) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8J2 Safari/6533.18.5',            'Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 2.3.7; en-us; Nexus One Build/FRF91) AppleWebKit/533.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/533.1',            'Opera/9.80 (Android 2.3.4; Linux; Opera Mobi/build-1107180945; U; en-GB) Presto/2.8.149 Version/11.10',            'Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 3.0; en-us; Xoom Build/HRI39) AppleWebKit/534.13 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Safari/534.13',            'Mozilla/5.0 (BlackBerry; U; BlackBerry 9800; en) AppleWebKit/534.1+ (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/6.0.0.337 Mobile Safari/534.1+',            'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows Phone OS 7.5; Trident/5.0; IEMobile/9.0; HTC; Titan)',            'UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999',            'NOKIA5700/ UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999',            'Openwave/ UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999',            'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; ) Opera/UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999'            ]        thisua = random.choice(yhdl)                    #随机获取代理信息        headers = ("User-Agent",thisua)                 #拼接报头信息        opener = urllib.request.build_opener()          #创建请求对象        opener.addheaders=[headers]                     #添加报头到请求对象        urllib.request.install_opener(opener)           #将报头信息设置为全局，urlopen()方法请求时也会自动添加报头    def dai_li_ip(hq_url):    #创建ip代理池        url = "http://http-webapi.zhimaruanjian.com/getip?num=1&type=2&pro=&city=0&yys=0&port=11&time=1&ts=0&ys=0&cs=0&lb=1&sb=0&pb=4&mr=1"        if url:            data = urllib.request.urlopen(url).read().decode("utf-8")            data2 = json.loads(data)  # 将字符串还原它本来的数据类型            # print(data2['data'][0])            ip = str(data2['data'][0]['ip'])            dkou = str(data2['data'][0]['port'])            zh_ip = ip + ':' + dkou            pat = "(\w*):\w*"            rst = re.compile(pat).findall(hq_url)  #正则匹配获取是http协议还是https协议            rst2 = rst[0]            proxy = urllib.request.ProxyHandler({rst2: zh_ip})  # 格式化IP,注意，第一个参数，请求目标可能是http或者https,对应设置            opener = urllib.request.build_opener(proxy, urllib.request.HTTPHandler)  # 初始化IP            urllib.request.install_opener(opener)  # 将代理IP设置成全局,当使用urlopen()请求时自动使用代理IP        else:            pass    #请求    try:        dai_li_ip(hq_url) #执行代理IP函数        yh_dl()     #执行用户代理池函数        data = urllib.request.urlopen(hq_url).read().decode("utf-8")        return data    except urllib.error.URLError as e:  # 如果出现错误        if hasattr(e, "code"):  # 如果有错误代码            # print(e.code)  # 打印错误代码            pass        if hasattr(e, "reason"):  # 如果有错误信息            # print(e.reason)  # 打印错误信息            pass# a = hq_html('http://www.baid.com/')# print(a)

模块使用

#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-import urllib.requestimport fzhpachgjc = '广告录音'gjc = urllib.request.quote(gjc)                 #将关键词转码成浏览器认识的字符，默认网站不能是中文url = 'https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=%s&pn=0' %(gjc)a = fzhpach.hq_html(url)print(a)

【转载自：https://www.jianshu.com/u/3fe...】