一、$().trigger()和$().triggerHandler() 的作用和区别

(1)trigger("focus") 触发被选元素上的指定事件(focus)以及事件的默认行为(比如表单提交);
triggerHandler(xxx) 不会引起事件(比如表单提交)的默认行为

(2)trigger(xxx) 触发所有匹配元素的指定事件;
triggerHandler(xxx) 只触发第一个匹配元素的指定事件

(3)trigger(xxx) 会冒泡;
triggerHandler(xxx) 不会冒泡

二、$().trigger()

 $("#one").on("click",function () {   console.log("one被点击了") })   $("#one").trigger('click')

作用:
看 一、(1)

源码:

    //触发type事件,data是自定义事件的额外参数    //源码9014行    trigger: function( type, data ) {      return this.each( function() {        jQuery.event.trigger( type, data, this );      } );    },

解析:
本质是调用的jQuery.event.trigger()方法

三、jQuery.event.trigger()

源码:

    //源码8850行    //type, data, this    trigger: function( event, data, elem, onlyHandlers ) {      var i, cur, tmp, bubbleType, ontype, handle, special, lastElement,        //冒泡路径数组        eventPath = [ elem || document ],        //判断event是否有'type'属性,有则取event.type,没有则取event        type = hasOwn.call( event, "type" ) ? event.type : event,        //同上        namespaces = hasOwn.call( event, "namespace" ) ? event.namespace.split( "." ) : [];      //当前元素      cur = lastElement = tmp = elem = elem || document;      //文本内容或者是注释则不触发事件      // Don't do events on text and comment nodes      if ( elem.nodeType === 3 || elem.nodeType === 8 ) {        return;      }      //由focus/blur转变到focusin/out,现在不触发focus/blur事件      // focus/blur morphs to focusin/out; ensure we're not firing them right now      //rfocusMorph:focusin focus|focusout blur      if ( rfocusMorph.test( type + jQuery.event.triggered ) ) {        return;      }      //可以不看      if ( type.indexOf( "." ) > -1 ) {        // Namespaced trigger; create a regexp to match event type in handle()        namespaces = type.split( "." );        type = namespaces.shift();        namespaces.sort();      }      //onclick,onfocus等等      ontype = type.indexOf( ":" ) < 0 && "on" + type;      //event一般是字符串,所以一般是undefined      //获取对应type类型的jQuery.event      // Caller can pass in a jQuery.Event object, Object, or just an event type string      event = event[ jQuery.expando ] ?        event :        //click,false        new jQuery.Event( type, typeof event === "object" && event );      // Trigger bitmask: & 1 for native handlers; & 2 for jQuery (always true)      //onlyHandlers一般为undefined      //3      event.isTrigger = onlyHandlers ? 2 : 3;      //""      event.namespace = namespaces.join( "." );      //null      event.rnamespace = event.namespace ?        new RegExp( "(^|\\.)" + namespaces.join( "\\.(?:.*\\.|)" ) + "(\\.|$)" ) :        null;      //清空event以防它被复用      // Clean up the event in case it is being reused      event.result = undefined;      //target属性为目标DOM元素      //我们一般取的e.target.value,也正是目标元素的值      if ( !event.target ) {        event.target = elem;      }      //复制data并预先考虑event,创建handler集合      // Clone any incoming data and prepend the event, creating the handler arg list      //简单点,就是 data=[event]      data = data == null ?        [ event ] :        jQuery.makeArray( data, [ event ] );      //赋值有需要特殊处理的type      // Allow special events to draw outside the lines      special = jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {};      if ( !onlyHandlers && special.trigger && special.trigger.apply( elem, data ) === false ) {        return;      }      //提前确定事件冒泡的路径      // Determine event propagation path in advance, per W3C events spec (#9951)      //冒泡至document,再到window;关注全局的ownerDocument      // Bubble up to document, then to window; watch for a global ownerDocument var (#9724)      if ( !onlyHandlers && !special.noBubble && !isWindow( elem ) ) {        //click        bubbleType = special.delegateType || type;        //clickclick        //如果不是focus/blur的话,获取它的父元素        if ( !rfocusMorph.test( bubbleType + type ) ) {          cur = cur.parentNode;        }        //for循环的语法(a; b; c)        //a在单次循环开始前执行        //b是单次循环的条件(这里即cur存在)        //c是单次循环结束后执行        for ( ; cur; cur = cur.parentNode ) {          console.log(cur,'cur8967')          //将目标元素的祖先元素都push进数组          eventPath.push( cur );          tmp = cur;        }        //只有当tmp是document时,将window加上        // Only add window if we got to document (e.g., not plain obj or detached DOM)        if ( tmp === ( elem.ownerDocument || document ) ) {          eventPath.push( tmp.defaultView || tmp.parentWindow || window );        }      }      //触发冒泡机制      // Fire handlers on the event path      i = 0;      //e.stopPropagation()这是阻止冒泡的方法      //isPropagationStopped() 检查是否阻止冒泡了,返回boolean      while ( ( cur = eventPath[ i++ ] ) && !event.isPropagationStopped() ) {        lastElement = cur;        event.type = i > 1 ?          bubbleType :          special.bindType || type;        console.log(i,'lastElement8987')        // jQuery handler        //( dataPriv.get( cur, "events" ) || {} )[ event.type ]        // 先判断cur元素的events是否有绑定click        //dataPriv.get( cur, "handle" )         //再获取cur元素的click事件处理程序        //获取目标元素的触发事件的事件处理程序        handle = ( dataPriv.get( cur, "events" ) || {} )[ event.type ] &&          //获取触发事件的处理程序          dataPriv.get( cur, "handle" );        /*让冒泡元素执行handle,这行代码是触发冒泡机制的关键*/        /*在执行click事件的处理程序后,自然就会执行e.stopPropagation(),        * 从而让event.isPropagationStopped()=true*/        if ( handle ) {          handle.apply( cur, data );        }        //接下来处理原生的事件及处理程序        //click为onclick        // Native handler        handle = ontype && cur[ ontype ];        //如果有绑定原生onclick事件的话        if ( handle && handle.apply && acceptData( cur ) ) {          //执行onclick事件的处理程序          event.result = handle.apply( cur, data );          if ( event.result === false ) {            //阻止元素的默认行为(如提交表单submit)            event.preventDefault();          }        }      }            event.type = type;      //如果没有人阻止默认行为的话,现在就阻止      /*比如触发<a>的click事件,但不会跳转*/      // If nobody prevented the default action, do it now      if ( !onlyHandlers && !event.isDefaultPrevented() ) {        if ( ( !special._default ||          special._default.apply( eventPath.pop(), data ) === false ) &&          acceptData( elem ) ) {          //在目标上,用重复的命名调用原生DOM事件,会在window层面上影响其他元素          // Call a native DOM method on the target with the same name as the event.          // Don't do default actions on window, that's where global variables be (#6170)          if ( ontype && isFunction( elem[ type ] ) && !isWindow( elem ) ) {            //当我们触发FOO事件(如click)时,不要重复触发它的onFOO(onclick)事件            // Don't re-trigger an onFOO event when we call its FOO() method            tmp = elem[ ontype ];            //将jQuery对象的onclick属性置为null            //比如<a>就不会去跳转了            if ( tmp ) {              elem[ ontype ] = null;            }            //阻止重复触发同样的事件,因为我们已经把它冒泡了            // Prevent re-triggering of the same event, since we already bubbled it above            jQuery.event.triggered = type;            //如果已经执行阻止冒泡了,则为window添加阻止冒泡的监听            if ( event.isPropagationStopped() ) {              lastElement.addEventListener( type, stopPropagationCallback );            }            console.log(elem[ type ],'type9053')            //执行type事件            elem[ type ]();            if ( event.isPropagationStopped() ) {              lastElement.removeEventListener( type, stopPropagationCallback );            }            jQuery.event.triggered = undefined;            if ( tmp ) {              elem[ ontype ] = tmp;            }          }        }      }      return event.result;    },

解析:

(1)trigger()的冒泡机制的实现

if ( !onlyHandlers && !special.noBubble && !isWindow( elem ) )中,通过eventPath存储目标元素的祖先元素:

        //clickclick        //如果不是focus/blur的话,获取它的父元素        if ( !rfocusMorph.test( bubbleType + type ) ) {          cur = cur.parentNode;        }        //for循环的语法(a; b; c)        //a在单次循环开始前执行        //b是单次循环的条件(这里即cur存在)        //c是单次循环结束后执行        for ( ; cur; cur = cur.parentNode ) {          console.log(cur,'cur8967')          //将目标元素的祖先元素都push进数组          eventPath.push( cur );          tmp = cur;        }        //只有当tmp是document时,将window加上        // Only add window if we got to document (e.g., not plain obj or detached DOM)        if ( tmp === ( elem.ownerDocument || document ) ) {          eventPath.push( tmp.defaultView || tmp.parentWindow || window );        }

通过eventPath.push(cur. parentNode)将冒泡元素装进数组中,并通过while循环触发冒泡机制

      //触发冒泡机制      // Fire handlers on the event path      i = 0;      //e.stopPropagation()这是阻止冒泡的方法      //isPropagationStopped() 检查是否阻止冒泡了,返回boolean      while ( ( cur = eventPath[ i++ ] ) && !event.isPropagationStopped() ) {        lastElement = cur;        event.type = i > 1 ?          bubbleType :          special.bindType || type;        console.log(i,'lastElement8987')        // jQuery handler        //( dataPriv.get( cur, "events" ) || {} )[ event.type ]        // 先判断cur元素的events是否有绑定click        //dataPriv.get( cur, "handle" )         //再获取cur元素的click事件处理程序        //获取目标元素的触发事件的事件处理程序        handle = ( dataPriv.get( cur, "events" ) || {} )[ event.type ] &&          //获取触发事件的处理程序          dataPriv.get( cur, "handle" );        /*让冒泡元素执行handle,这行代码是触发冒泡机制的关键*/        /*在执行click事件的处理程序后,自然就会执行e.stopPropagation(),        * 从而让event.isPropagationStopped()=true*/        if ( handle ) {          handle.apply( cur, data );        }        //接下来处理原生的事件及处理程序        //click为onclick        // Native handler        handle = ontype && cur[ ontype ];        //如果有绑定原生onclick事件的话        if ( handle && handle.apply && acceptData( cur ) ) {          //执行onclick事件的处理程序          event.result = handle.apply( cur, data );          if ( event.result === false ) {            //阻止元素的默认行为(如提交表单submit)            event.preventDefault();          }        }      }

关键代码是handle.apply( cur, data ),它用来执行cur元素的事件的处理程序。

(2)通过e.stopPropagation()来阻止冒泡的原理:

<body><script src="jQuery.js"></script><div id="one">这是one</div><script>    $("#one").click(function(e){      //将handle.apply( cur, data );注释后,冒泡不生效      e.stopPropagation()      console.log('one被点击了')    })    $("body").click(function(){      console.log('body被点击了')    })    //执行trigger()后,会打印one被点击了和body被点击了    $("#one").trigger('click')</script></body>

① 上面这段代码会先执行$("#one").trigger('click')

② trigger()里会执行到上面(1)的handle.apply( cur, data );,而handle会执行$("#one")click事件的处理程序:

      e.stopPropagation()      console.log('one被点击了')

e.stopPropagation()走的是这里:

  //event的属性赋值  //源码5749行  jQuery.Event.prototype = {    constructor: jQuery.Event,    //xxx    isPropagationStopped: returnFalse, //false    //xxx    //xxx    //当执行e.stopPropagation()后走这边    //源码5767行    stopPropagation: function() {      var e = this.originalEvent;      //isPropagationStopped方法返回true      this.isPropagationStopped = returnTrue;      if ( e && !this.isSimulated ) {        e.stopPropagation();      }    },}

最后让isPropagationStopped()方法返回true

④ 注意:$().trigger()里的event也就是click里的event,所以会影响到while循环地判断,从而达到阻止冒泡循环的 目的

while ( ( cur = eventPath[ i++ ] ) && !event.isPropagationStopped() ) { }

⑤ 为什么说click里的event$().trigger()里的event

     //event一般是字符串,所以一般是undefined      //获取对应type类型的jQuery.event      // Caller can pass in a jQuery.Event object, Object, or just an event type string      event = event[ jQuery.expando ] ?        event :        //click,false        new jQuery.Event( type, typeof event === "object" && event );

因为 event 是根据type(click)类型生成的,所以trigger里的event的部分属性和clickevent属性相同。

(3)原生js绑定的事件的执行,如onclick

    $("#one").click(function(e){      console.log('one被点击了')    })    document.getElementById("one").onclick=function(){      console.log('onclick被点击了')    }

还是在while循环中:

        //接下来处理原生的事件及处理程序        //click为onclick        // Native handler        handle = ontype && cur[ ontype ];        //如果有绑定原生onclick事件的话        if ( handle && handle.apply && acceptData( cur ) ) {          //执行onclick事件的处理程序          event.result = handle.apply( cur, data );          if ( event.result === false ) {            //阻止元素的默认行为(如提交表单submit)            event.preventDefault();          }        }

也就是说:
在冒泡循环机制中,在执行完jQuery绑定的handler后,会接着执行原生JS 绑定的handler

(4)rfocusMorph

  //匹配focusinfocus或者focusoutblur  //源码8872行  var rfocusMorph = /^(?:focusinfocus|focusoutblur)$/,

(5)jQuery.makeArray()

作用:
用于将一个类似数组的对象转换为真正的数组对象

注意:
类数组对象具有许多数组的属性(例如length属性,[]数组访问运算符等),不过它毕竟不是数组,缺少从数组的原型对象上继承下来的内置方法(例如:pop()、reverse()等)。

源码:

    //结果仅供内部使用    // results is for internal usage only    //源码442行    makeArray: function( arr, results ) {      var ret = results || [];      if ( arr != null ) {        //Object()等效于new Object()        //先将arr转为对象类型,因为js中的array是Object        if ( isArrayLike( Object( arr ) ) ) {          //将second合并到first后面          jQuery.merge( ret,            typeof arr === "string" ?              [ arr ] : arr          );        } else {          //ret.push(arr)          push.call( ret, arr );        }      }      //返回array      return ret;    },

$.isArrayLike

作用:
判断是不是类数组

源码:

  //判断是不是类数组  //源码561行  function isArrayLike( obj ) {    // Support: real iOS 8.2 only (not reproducible in simulator)    // `in` check used to prevent JIT error (gh-2145)    // hasOwn isn't used here due to false negatives    // regarding Nodelist length in IE    //后两个是兼容性考虑的判断    var length = !!obj && "length" in obj && obj.length,      //obj类型      type = toType( obj );    if ( isFunction( obj ) || isWindow( obj ) ) {      return false;    }    return type === "array" || length === 0 ||      typeof length === "number" && length > 0 && ( length - 1 ) in obj;  }

(6)最后一个if,触发trigger()时,阻止jQuery元素的默认行为

if ( !onlyHandlers && !event.isDefaultPrevented() ){xxxxxx}

综上,trigger一共做了三件事:

(1)触发冒泡机制
(2)触发原生绑定事件
(3)阻止元素默认行为

最后,附上自己整理的触发 trigger() 的流程图:


(完)