前面已经讲解集合中的HashMap并且也对其中使用的红黑树结构做了对应的说明,这次就来看下简单一些的另一个集合类,也是日常经常使用到的ArrayList,整体来说,算是比较好理解的集合了,一起来看下

前言

jdk版本:1.8

类定义

public class ArrayList<E> extends AbstractList<E>        implements List<E>, RandomAccess, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable
  • 继承了AbstractList,实现了List,提供对数组队列的增删改查操作
  • 实现RandomAccess接口,提供随机访问功能
  • 实现Cloneable接口,提供克隆功能
  • 实现Serializable接口,支持序列化,方便序列化传输

变量说明

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 8683452581122892189L;    /**     * 默认的初始化容量     * 这里和HashMap初始容量不同,默认10     * 有些面试官可能问,虽然我感觉没必要记这玩意     */    private static final int DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 10;    /**     * 空集合,在构造函数中看说明     */    private static final Object[] EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};    /**     * 默认容量大小的空集合,这里和上边一样,但是第一次添加的时候会自动扩容到默认容量,看构造函数的说明     */    private static final Object[] DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};    /**     * The array buffer into which the elements of the ArrayList are stored.     * The capacity of the ArrayList is the length of this array buffer. Any     * empty ArrayList with elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA     * will be expanded to DEFAULT_CAPACITY when the first element is added.     *      * 基于数组实现容量大小变化,上边注释也说了第一次添加元素时,将容量扩展到DEFAULT_CAPACITY     * 更详细的接着往下看     */    transient Object[] elementData; // non-private to simplify nested class access    /**     * 数组长度,即arraylist的长度     */    private int size;        /**     * 最大数组长度限制     */    private static final int MAX_ARRAY_SIZE = Integer.MAX_VALUE - 8;

从上边变量定义也能看出来ArrayList本质上是基于Object[]实现,故方法上的操作都是基于数组来进行

构造方法

从构造方法中能看出:

  • 如果不设置初始化容量或者初始化赋值集合则elementData赋值为空数组而不是默认容量为10的数组
    /**     * 无参构造方法,初始化为默认空数组     */    public ArrayList() {        this.elementData = DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;    }    public ArrayList(Collection<? extends E> c) {        elementData = c.toArray();        // 原集合不为空,则进行复制        if ((size = elementData.length) != 0) {            // c.toArray might (incorrectly) not return Object[] (see 6260652)            /**             * 官方bug             * c.toArray() 返回类型取决于其实际类型             * 查了下,应该是调用子类的toArray(重写)方法返回具体的类型             * 自己多想下也明白了,父类保存了子类的数组对象,这里需要调整成Object[]             * 不明白的自己Google下             */             if (elementData.getClass() != Object[].class)                elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size, Object[].class);        } else {            // 原集合为空,elementData赋值为空数组            this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;        }    }    /**     * 初始化容量 代码比较简单     */    public ArrayList(int initialCapacity) {        if (initialCapacity > 0) {            this.elementData = new Object[initialCapacity];        } else if (initialCapacity == 0) {            this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;        } else {            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+                                               initialCapacity);        }    }

重要方法

add

每次增加元素时会通过ensureCapacityInternal进行容量大小的验证,不满足则进行扩容操作,通过grow方法进行扩容操作,在允许的范围上扩容为原来的1.5倍

    /**     * 增加元素     */    public boolean add(E e) {        ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1);  // Increments modCount!!        elementData[size++] = e;        return true;    }    /**     * 确认容量     */    private void ensureCapacityInternal(int minCapacity) {        ensureExplicitCapacity(calculateCapacity(elementData, minCapacity));    }    /**     * 计算容量     * elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA     * 在这里进行了初始化判断     * 最小容量为10     */    private static int calculateCapacity(Object[] elementData, int minCapacity) {        if (elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA) {            return Math.max(DEFAULT_CAPACITY, minCapacity);        }        return minCapacity;    }    /**     * 修改次数记录modCount,容量是否扩容判断     */    private void ensureExplicitCapacity(int minCapacity) {        modCount++;        // overflow-conscious code        if (minCapacity - elementData.length > 0)            grow(minCapacity);    }    /**     * 扩容     */    private void grow(int minCapacity) {        // overflow-conscious code        int oldCapacity = elementData.length;        // 右移操作扩容为原来的1.5倍(位移操作,自己试下就明白)        int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1);        // 比较最小值        if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0)            newCapacity = minCapacity;        // 比较最大值        if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0)            newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity);        // minCapacity is usually close to size, so this is a win:        elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);    }    /**     * 大容量值处理     */    private static int hugeCapacity(int minCapacity) {        // 溢出抛出异常        if (minCapacity < 0) // overflow            throw new OutOfMemoryError();        // 计算超出时取值判断        return (minCapacity > MAX_ARRAY_SIZE) ?            Integer.MAX_VALUE :            MAX_ARRAY_SIZE;    }    /**     * 将element插入index的位置     */        public void add(int index, E element) {        rangeCheckForAdd(index);        ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1);  // Increments modCount!!        // native方法实现拷贝        System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + 1,                         size - index);        elementData[index] = element;        size++;    }

addAll

    /**     * 先对集合容量进行检查,记录修改次数,调用arraycopy将旧数组元素拷贝到新数组元素中     */     public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) {        Object[] a = c.toArray();        int numNew = a.length;        ensureCapacityInternal(size + numNew);  // Increments modCount        System.arraycopy(a, 0, elementData, size, numNew);        size += numNew;        return numNew != 0;    }    /**     * 和上边不同之处在于将数组拷贝到新数组index位置,其后元素依次排序     */        public boolean addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> c) {        rangeCheckForAdd(index);        Object[] a = c.toArray();        int numNew = a.length;        ensureCapacityInternal(size + numNew);  // Increments modCount        int numMoved = size - index;        if (numMoved > 0)            System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + numNew,                             numMoved);        System.arraycopy(a, 0, elementData, index, numNew);        size += numNew;        return numNew != 0;    }

clear

    /**     * 清空     */     public void clear() {        modCount++;        // clear to let GC do its work        // 注释上也写明了原因,置空为了让GC工作,回收空间        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)            elementData[i] = null;        size = 0;    }

contains

    /**     * 判断某个元素是否在集合中     */     public boolean contains(Object o) {        return indexOf(o) >= 0;    }    /**     * 返回元素在集合中的首个索引(从小到大)     * 主要是判空区分     */         public int indexOf(Object o) {        if (o == null) {            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)                if (elementData[i]==null)                    return i;        } else {            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)                if (o.equals(elementData[i]))                    return i;        }        return -1;    }

get

    /**     * 获取索引为index的元素,先检查索引值,再调用elementData方法     */    public E get(int index) {        rangeCheck(index);        return elementData(index);    }

iterator

    /**     * 返回迭代器 内部类实现     */    public Iterator<E> iterator() {        return new Itr();    }        private class Itr implements Iterator<E> {        int cursor;       // index of next element to return        int lastRet = -1; // index of last element returned; -1 if no such        int expectedModCount = modCount;        Itr() {}        public boolean hasNext() {            return cursor != size;        }        /**         * 获取索引为cursor的元素,并置cursor = cursor + 1,方便下次调用,lastRet记录当前返回的元素索引         */        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")        public E next() {            checkForComodification();            int i = cursor;            if (i >= size)                throw new NoSuchElementException();            Object[] elementData = ArrayList.this.elementData;            if (i >= elementData.length)                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();            cursor = i + 1;            return (E) elementData[lastRet = i];        }        /**         * 移除当前lastRet对应元素,cursor置为lastRet,修改次数修改         */        public void remove() {            if (lastRet < 0)                throw new IllegalStateException();            checkForComodification();            try {                ArrayList.this.remove(lastRet);                cursor = lastRet;                lastRet = -1;                expectedModCount = modCount;            } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();            }        }        /**         * jdk 1.8新增接口,调用accept接口对每个元素执行动作         */        @Override        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")        public void forEachRemaining(Consumer<? super E> consumer) {            Objects.requireNonNull(consumer);            final int size = ArrayList.this.size;            int i = cursor;            if (i >= size) {                return;            }            final Object[] elementData = ArrayList.this.elementData;            if (i >= elementData.length) {                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();            }            while (i != size && modCount == expectedModCount) {                consumer.accept((E) elementData[i++]);            }            // update once at end of iteration to reduce heap write traffic            cursor = i;            lastRet = i - 1;            checkForComodification();        }        /**         * 检查         */        final void checkForComodification() {            if (modCount != expectedModCount)                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();        }    }

lastIndexOf

    /**     * 返回匹配对象的首个索引(从大到小)     */    public int lastIndexOf(Object o) {        if (o == null) {            for (int i = size-1; i >= 0; i--)                if (elementData[i]==null)                    return i;        } else {            for (int i = size-1; i >= 0; i--)                if (o.equals(elementData[i]))                    return i;        }        return -1;    }

remove

    /**     * 删除索引为index的元素     */    public E remove(int index) {        rangeCheck(index);        //修改记录+1        modCount++;        E oldValue = elementData(index);        int numMoved = size - index - 1;        if (numMoved > 0)            //使用arraycopy重新整理集合            System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index,                             numMoved);        elementData[--size] = null; // clear to let GC do its work        return oldValue;    }    /**     * 根据给定的元素删除,这里看源码也能发现,只删除第一个匹配成功的元素即返回     */    public boolean remove(Object o) {        if (o == null) {            for (int index = 0; index < size; index++)                if (elementData[index] == null) {                    fastRemove(index);                    return true;                }        } else {            for (int index = 0; index < size; index++)                if (o.equals(elementData[index])) {                    fastRemove(index);                    return true;                }        }        return false;    }

removeAll

    /**     * 移除所有和参数集合相同的元素     */    public boolean removeAll(Collection<?> c) {        Objects.requireNonNull(c);        return batchRemove(c, false);    }    private boolean batchRemove(Collection<?> c, boolean complement) {        final Object[] elementData = this.elementData;        int r = 0, w = 0;        boolean modified = false;        try {            for (; r < size; r++)                //将保留的数据写回elementData                if (c.contains(elementData[r]) == complement)                    elementData[w++] = elementData[r];        } finally {            // Preserve behavioral compatibility with AbstractCollection,            // even if c.contains() throws.            if (r != size) {                System.arraycopy(elementData, r,                                 elementData, w,                                 size - r);                w += size - r;            }            if (w != size) {                // clear to let GC do its work                for (int i = w; i < size; i++)                    //清理为空的数据                    elementData[i] = null;                modCount += size - w;                size = w;                modified = true;            }        }        return modified;    }

set

    /**     * 设置索引为index的值为element     */    public E set(int index, E element) {        rangeCheck(index);        E oldValue = elementData(index);        elementData[index] = element;        return oldValue;    }

toArray

    /**     * 将list元素拷贝返回     */    public Object[] toArray() {        return Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size);    }    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")    public <T> T[] toArray(T[] a) {        if (a.length < size)            // Make a new array of a's runtime type, but my contents:            return (T[]) Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size, a.getClass());        System.arraycopy(elementData, 0, a, 0, size);        if (a.length > size)            a[size] = null;        return a;    }

subList

    /**     * 获取子数组,内部类实现,子数组只是引用了原来的数组,因此改变子数组,相当于改变了原来的数组     * 子数组不再详细说明,ArrayList类相似,只是多了几个成员变量,来限制范围     * 源码部分自行查看     */    public List<E> subList(int fromIndex, int toIndex) {        subListRangeCheck(fromIndex, toIndex, size);        return new SubList(this, 0, fromIndex, toIndex);    }

总结

整体来看ArrayList源码还是比较简单的,从源码部分也能注意到几个点:

  • ArrayList是基于数组实现的集合类
  • Object数组可以存放null
  • 非线程安全,如需并发线程安全类需使用对应的线程安全包装类保证
  • 如已经确定容量大小,可以提前初始化设置好对应容量以减少中间扩容带来的损耗

总的来说,还是相对比较简单了,希望对各位有所帮助,如有错误,欢迎指正,谢谢