Spring Boot 学习 (1): 初始化工程

spring boot 项目初始化，介绍三种方式：IntelliJ 创建、Spring CLI 创建以及手动创建，工程使用 gradle 构建工具。IntelliJ创建选择 spring initializr填写自己想要的配置信息选择依赖包：配置工程名和工程所在目录：进入到工程，如下图所示:创建完成。Spring CLI创建示例：spring init -dweb,data-jpa,h2,thymeleaf –build gradle initbycli运行命令后会显示：Using service at https://start.spring.ioProject extracted to ‘<current_path>/initbycli’执行完成会看到当前目录下会多出 initbycli 目录..└── initbycli ├── HELP.md ├── build.gradle ├── gradle │ └── wrapper │ ├── gradle-wrapper.jar │ └── gradle-wrapper.properties ├── gradlew ├── gradlew.bat ├── settings.gradle └── src ├── main │ ├── java │ │ └── com │ │ └── example │ │ └── initbycli │ │ └── DemoApplication.java │ └── resources │ ├── application.properties │ ├── static │ └── templates └── test └── java └── com └── example └── initbycli └── DemoApplicationTests.java可以看到基本工程目录文件已经创建好了。再看一下 Spring CLI 的说明：$ spring help initspring init - Initialize a new project using Spring Initializr (start.spring.io)usage: spring init [options] [location]Option Description—— ————a, –artifactId <String> Project coordinates; infer archive name (for example ’test’)-b, –boot-version <String> Spring Boot version (for example ‘1.2.0.RELEASE’)–build <String> Build system to use (for example ‘maven’ or ‘gradle’) (default: maven)-d, –dependencies <String> Comma-separated list of dependency identifiers to include in the generated project–description <String> Project description-f, –force Force overwrite of existing files–format <String> Format of the generated content (for example ‘build’ for a build file, ‘project’ for a project archive) (default: project)-g, –groupId <String> Project coordinates (for example ‘org.test’)-j, –java-version <String> Language level (for example ‘1.8’)-l, –language <String> Programming language (for example ‘java’)–list List the capabilities of the service. Use it to discover the dependencies and the types that are available-n, –name <String> Project name; infer application name-p, –packaging <String> Project packaging (for example ‘jar’)–package-name <String> Package name-t, –type <String> Project type. Not normally needed if you use – build and/or –format. Check the capabilities of the service (–list) for more details–target <String> URL of the service to use (default: https://start. spring.io)-v, –version <String> Project version (for example ‘0.0.1-SNAPSHOT’)-x, –extract Extract the project archive. Inferred if a location is specified without an extension说明：依赖： 使用 -d, –dependencies <String>, , 号分割.项目构建类型: –build <String>, 默认为 maven, 另一选项是 gradle.初始化类型: –format <String>, 默认为 project, 会初始化整个工程的目录结构。可选项是 build, 只会生成工程所需要的 build.gradle 文件.查看有哪些可以配置的：–list, 命令输出以后，内容包括可选的依赖包，工程类型和构建属性（ java 版本等).手动创建建立工程目录: mkdir initbyself在工程目录下建立 build.gradle 文件，cd initbyselfvim build.gradlebuild.gradle 内容为： plugins { id ‘org.springframework.boot’ version ‘2.1.3.RELEASE’ id ‘java’ } apply plugin: ‘io.spring.dependency-management’ group = ‘com.example’ version = ‘0.0.1-SNAPSHOT’ sourceCompatibility = ‘1.8’ repositories { mavenCentral() } dependencies { implementation ‘org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-data-jpa’ implementation ‘org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf’ implementation ‘org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web’ runtimeOnly ‘com.h2database:h2’ testImplementation ‘org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test’ }创建 setting.gradle 文件 pluginManagement { repositories { gradlePluginPortal() } } rootProject.name = ‘initbyself’创建java代码目录mkdir -p src/main/java/com/example/initbyselfmkdir -p src/main/java/resources创建 application切换到代码目录cd src/main/java/com/example/initbyself编写源码文件 DemoApplication.javapackage com.example.initbyself;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;@SpringBootApplicationpublic class DemoApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args); }}运行 gradle build， 结果为:> Task :buildSkipping task ‘:build’ as it has no actions.:build (Thread[Daemon worker Thread 2,5,main]) completed. Took 0.0 secs.BUILD SUCCESSFUL in 3s2 actionable tasks: 2 executed运行项目:java -jar build/libs/initbyself-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar . ____ _ __ _ _ /\ / ’ __ _ () __ __ _ \ \ \ ( ( )__ | ‘_ | ‘| | ‘ / ` | \ \ \ \ \/ )| |)| | | | | || (| | ) ) ) ) ’ || .__|| ||| |_, | / / / / =========||==============|/=//// :: Spring Boot :: (v2.1.3.RELEASE)…..2019-03-07 00:17:36.996 INFO 11848 — [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path ‘‘2019-03-07 00:17:36.999 INFO 11848 — [ main] com.example.initbyself.DemoApplication : Started DemoApplication in 19.497 seconds (JVM running for 19.992)此时，已说明工程初始化成功了。小结以上是 Spring Boot 项目的初始化的三种方式，不一定全。第一种和第二种都依赖 https://start.spring.io 这个地址，这是官方提供的快速初始化方式，第三种是我们全手动一步一步初始化，需要对构建工具十分熟悉。