本文首发于我的博客：bind9的初步使用（1）前言周五把自己的电脑重装了一下，还是使用的经典的windows+vmware+ubuntu的经典方式（对我来说）。但是我不想每次都修改host文件来实现我的域名访问，所以我在想有没有一个更好的方式，可以让我实现域名映射。这个时候我想到了自己架设一个dns服务器。说干就干，我就准备用dns的开源系统bind9来搞一番。环境介绍Ubuntu: 18.10 (ip: 192.168.1.230)bind9: 9.11.4Windows 10 (ip: 192.168.1.230)安装其实安装非常简单，一条命令就搞定了sudo apt install bind9管理命令启动：sudo systemctl start bind9停止:sudo systemctl stop bind9重启：sudo systemctl restart bind9状态：sudo systemctl status bind9配置域名举个例子，比如现在我们有个域名是：baoguoxiao.pro。现在我们要对这个域名进行虚拟映射。首先打开/etc/bind/named.conf.local，追加如下内容到文件尾部：zone “baoguoxiao.pro” { type master; file “/etc/bind/zones/baoguoxiao.pro.db”;};那么现在这个文件的内容完整如下：//// Do any local configuration here//// Consider adding the 1918 zones here, if they are not used in your// organization//include “/etc/bind/zones.rfc1918”;zone “baoguoxiao.pro” { type master; file “/etc/bind/zones/baoguoxiao.pro.db”; // 这个文件定义了文件地址};我们定义的地址是/etc/bind/zones/baoguoxiao.pro.db。但是我们的/etc/bind/并没有该目录。所以需要如下命令进行创建：cd /etc/bind/sudo mkdir zones进入该目录：cd zones然后创建该文件baoguoxiao.pro.db，并追加如下命令：; BIND data file for baoguoxiao.pro;$TTL 14400@ IN SOA ns1.baoguoxiao.pro. host.baoguoxiao.pro. (201006601 ; Serial7200 ; Refresh120 ; Retry2419200 ; Expire604800) ; Default TTL;baoguoxiao.pro. IN NS ns1.baoguoxiao.pro. ;baoguoxiao.pro. IN A 192.168.1.231 ns1 IN A 192.168.1.231www IN A 192.168.1.231这样就设置完成了。然后我们将bind9进行重启。测试DNS效果$ dig @192.168.1.231 www.baoguoxiao.pro; <<>> DiG 9.11.4-3ubuntu5-Ubuntu <<>> @192.168.1.231 www.baoguoxiao.pro; (1 server found);; global options: +cmd;; Got answer:;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 35630;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 2;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096; COOKIE: f077ba72f04b75a1ac9b27275c16148f4732abac11c21ce8 (good);; QUESTION SECTION:;www.baoguoxiao.pro. IN A;; ANSWER SECTION:www.baoguoxiao.pro. 14400 IN A 192.168.1.231;; AUTHORITY SECTION:baoguoxiao.pro. 14400 IN NS ns1.baoguoxiao.pro.;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:ns1.baoguoxiao.pro. 14400 IN A 192.168.1.231;; Query time: 0 msec;; SERVER: 192.168.1.231#53(192.168.1.231);; WHEN: Sun Dec 16 17:02:07 CST 2018;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 117好了，这样就表示已经配置成功了设置默认本机DNS可用之前的设置我们需要指定本机的DNS服务器才可以使用，如果我们不指定的话，那么查询该域名是没有效果的：$ dig baoguoxiao.pro; <<>> DiG 9.11.4-3ubuntu5-Ubuntu <<>> baoguoxiao.pro;; global options: +cmd;; Got answer:;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NXDOMAIN, id: 52385;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 65494;; QUESTION SECTION:;baoguoxiao.pro. IN A;; Query time: 274 msec;; SERVER: 127.0.0.53#53(127.0.0.53);; WHEN: Sun Dec 16 17:03:59 CST 2018;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 43在ubuntu17.10之后，网卡配置已经更新为netplan。该配置文件的目录是/etc/netplan/。不过里面的文件不一定是相同的名字。我的文件打开是这样的。$ cat /etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml # This file is generated from information provided by# the datasource. Changes to it will not persist across an instance.# To disable cloud-init’s network configuration capabilities, write a file# /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/99-disable-network-config.cfg with the following:# network: {config: disabled}network: ethernets: ens33: addresses: [192.168.1.231/24] dhcp4: false dhcp6: false gateway4: 192.168.1.1 nameservers: addresses: [192.168.1.231,114.114.114.114] version: 2注意，我在倒数第二行的数组里面添加本机的服务器192.168.1.231。关于该文件的配置，可以查看我的另外一篇文章：UBUNTU17.10设置固态IP。这样我们在本机就可以不指定dns服务器的基础上进行获取域名的ip了。$ dig www.bgx.me; <<>> DiG 9.11.4-3ubuntu5-Ubuntu <<>> www.baoguoxiao.pro;; global options: +cmd;; Got answer:;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 58219;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 2;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096; COOKIE: 15d0881d8eed3292569558cd5c1623fa33a2d05212e7e662 (good);; QUESTION SECTION:;www.baoguoxiao.pro. IN A;; ANSWER SECTION:www.baoguoxiao.pro. 14400 IN A 192.168.1.231;; AUTHORITY SECTION:baoguoxiao.pro. 14400 IN NS ns1.baoguoxiao.pro.;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:ns1.baoguoxiao.pro. 14400 IN A 192.168.1.231;; Query time: 0 msec;; SERVER: 192.168.1.231#53(192.168.1.231);; WHEN: Sun Dec 16 18:07:54 CST 2018;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 117本篇文章就说到这里。下一篇讲如何配置可局域网访问。