书籍是人类的终生朋友，有时候要检索个书籍啥的，一般我们都会去图书馆，但是如果自己开发一款应用，比如网站，app 之类的就显然不能这么搞了，一般情况下很多网站都不允许数据外流的，这种情况最好就是调用专门的提供数据的接口，接着笔者就拿 php 语言为例来实现图书信息检索这个功能，直接上代码：
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
<?php
/**
* @author
* @copyright 2019
*/
header("content-type:text/html;charset=utf-8"); // 设置编码
// 配置您申请的 appKey 和 openId
$app_key = "***";
$open_id = "***";
/**
$url 请求地址
$params 请求参数
$ispost 请求方法
*/
function http_curl($url,$params=false,$ispost=false){$httpInfo = array();
$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTP_VERSION , CURL_HTTP_VERSION_1_1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_USERAGENT , "xiaocongjisuan");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT , 60);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT , 60);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER , true);
if($ispost)
{curl_setopt( $ch , CURLOPT_POST , true);
curl_setopt($ch , CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS , $params);
curl_setopt($ch , CURLOPT_URL , $url);
}
else
{if($params){curl_setopt( $ch , CURLOPT_URL , $url.'?'.$params);
}else{curl_setopt( $ch , CURLOPT_URL , $url);
}
}
$response = curl_exec($ch);
if ($response === FALSE) {//echo "cURL Error:" . curl_error($ch);
return false;
}
$httpCode = curl_getinfo($ch , CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE);
$httpInfo = array_merge($httpInfo , curl_getinfo( $ch) );
curl_close($ch);
return $response;
}
function main(){
global $app_key;
global $open_id;
$domain="http://api.xiaocongjisuan.com/";
$servlet="data/bookresource/get";
$method="get";
$url=$domain."".$servlet;
$params['appKey']=$app_key;
$params['openId']=$open_id;
// 变动部分
$params["q"]="历史";
$params["field"]="name";
$params["currentPage"]=1;
$params["pageSize"]=10;
$params["order"]="up";
$params["sortField"]="pageNum";
// 编码转换
foreach ($params as $key=>$value) {$params[$key]=mb_convert_encoding($value, "UTF-8", "GBK");
}
$paramstring = http_build_query($params);
$content = http_curl($url,$paramstring,true);
return $content;
}
echo main();
?>当然 java 语言也可以实现，例子如下
package com.xiaocongjisuan.module.example;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
public class Application {
public static final String DEF_CHATSET = "UTF-8";
public static final int DEF_CONN_TIMEOUT = 30000;
public static final int DEF_READ_TIMEOUT = 30000;
public static String userAgent = "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/29.0.1547.66 Safari/537.36";
// 配置您申请的 appKey 和 openId
public static final String APP_KEY ="yours";
public static final String OPEN_ID ="yours";
// 将 map 型转为请求参数型
public static String urlEncode(Map<String,Object> params) {if(params==null){return "";};
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (Map.Entry<String,Object> i : params.entrySet()) {
try {sb.append(i.getKey()).append("=").append(URLEncoder.encode(i.getValue()+"","UTF-8")).append("&");
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {e.printStackTrace();
}
}
String r=sb.toString();
if(r.endsWith("&")){r = r.substring(0,r.length()-1);
}
return r;
}
/**
*
* @param requestUrl 请求地址
* @param params 请求参数
* @param method 请求方法
* @return 请求结果
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String requestContent(String requestUrl, Map<String,Object> params,String method) throws Exception {
HttpURLConnection conn = null;
BufferedReader reader = null;
String rs = null;
try {
// 组装请求链接
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
if(method!=null&&method.equalsIgnoreCase("get")){requestUrl = requestUrl+"?"+urlEncode(params);
}
// 默认 get
URL url = new URL(requestUrl);
conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
if(method!=null&&method.equalsIgnoreCase("post")){conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
conn.setDoOutput(true);
conn.setDoInput(true);
}
// 参数配置
conn.setRequestProperty("User-agent", userAgent);
conn.setUseCaches(false);
conn.setConnectTimeout(DEF_CONN_TIMEOUT);
conn.setReadTimeout(DEF_READ_TIMEOUT);
conn.setInstanceFollowRedirects(false);
conn.connect();
if (params!= null && method.equalsIgnoreCase("post")) {
try {DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(conn.getOutputStream());
out.writeBytes(urlEncode(params));
} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();
}
}
// 读取数据
InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is, DEF_CHATSET));
String strRead = null;
while ((strRead = reader.readLine()) != null) {sb.append(strRead);
}
rs = sb.toString();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();
} finally {if (reader != null) {reader.close();
}
if (conn != null) {conn.disconnect();
}
}
return rs;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
String domain="http://api.xiaocongjisuan.com/";
String servlet="data/bookresource/get";
String method="get";
String requestUrl=domain+servlet;
Map<String,Object> params=new HashMap<String,Object>();
params.put("appKey",APP_KEY);
params.put("openId",OPEN_ID);
// 变动部分
params.put("q","历史");
params.put("field","name");
params.put("currentPage",1);
params.put("pageSize",10);
params.put("order","up");
params.put("sortField","pageNum");
String result=requestContent(requestUrl,params,method);
System.out.println(result);
}
}其他语言的实现方式可以参看这篇帖子