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开始虚拟机安装时我们就选择了 lvm 进行磁盘分区的划分。后期磁盘不够时再加也很方便，于是就有了这个 lvm 的扩容。这台内部虚拟机主要做共享和数据备份，需要的磁盘空间比较大。下面记录 lvm 的扩容
扩容操作
首先增加一块新的磁盘，Centos 新增硬盘以后，系统不能自动进行识别
[root@samba]# fdisk -l
磁盘 /dev/sda：536.9 GB, 536870912000 字节，1048576000 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小 (逻辑 / 物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小 (最小 / 最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型：dos
磁盘标识符：0x0007efbe
设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 501759 249856 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 501760 1048575999 524037120 8e Linux LVM
磁盘 /dev/mapper/vg-0：536.6 GB, 536610865152 字节，1048068096 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小 (逻辑 / 物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小 (最小 / 最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
[root@samba]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 500G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 244M 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 499.8G 0 part
└─vg-0 253:0 0 499.8G 0 lvm /
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom lsblk 命令的英文是“list block”，即用于列出所有可用块设备的信息，而且还能显示他们之间的依赖关系（个人很喜欢这个命令，树状列出）
由于不知道新增硬盘挂载的位置，可以先查看现有硬盘挂载的适配器。
[root@samba]# ls -l /sys/block/sda
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 5 月 29 10:26 /sys/block/sda -> ../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:10.0/host16/target16:0:0/16:0:0:0/block/sda发现磁盘挂载到 host16，可以尝试使用下边命令，重新扫描 host16 信息
[root@samba]# echo "- - -" > /sys/class/scsi_host/host16/scan
[root@samba]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 500G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 244M 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 499.8G 0 part
└─vg-0 253:0 0 499.8G 0 lvm /
sdb 8:16 0 500G 0 disk
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom 磁盘分区以及格式化
[root@samba]# fdisk /dev/sdb
欢迎使用 fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2)。更改将停留在内存中，直到您决定将更改写入磁盘。使用写入命令前请三思。Device does not contain a recognized partition table
使用磁盘标识符 0x7bfce339 创建新的 DOS 磁盘标签。命令 (输入 m 获取帮助)：m
命令操作
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
命令 (输入 m 获取帮助)：n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
分区号 (1-4，默认 1)：1
起始 扇区 (2048-1048575999，默认为 2048)：将使用默认值 2048
Last 扇区, + 扇区 or +size{K,M,G} (2048-1048575999，默认为 1048575999)：将使用默认值 1048575999
分区 1 已设置为 Linux 类型，大小设为 500 GiB
命令 (输入 m 获取帮助)：w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
正在同步磁盘。[root@samba]# fdisk -l
磁盘 /dev/sda：536.9 GB, 536870912000 字节，1048576000 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小 (逻辑 / 物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小 (最小 / 最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型：dos
磁盘标识符：0x0007efbe
设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 501759 249856 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 501760 1048575999 524037120 8e Linux LVM
磁盘 /dev/mapper/vg-0：536.6 GB, 536610865152 字节，1048068096 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小 (逻辑 / 物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小 (最小 / 最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘 /dev/sdb：536.9 GB, 536870912000 字节，1048576000 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小 (逻辑 / 物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小 (最小 / 最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型：dos
磁盘标识符：0x7bfce339
设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 1048575999 524286976 83 Linux
[root@samba]# mkfs -t xfs /dev/sdb
mkfs.xfs: /dev/sdb appears to contain a partition table (dos).
mkfs.xfs: Use the -f option to force overwrite.
[root@samba]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb
mkfs.xfs: /dev/sdb appears to contain a partition table (dos).
mkfs.xfs: Use the -f option to force overwrite.
[root@samba]# mkfs.xfs -f /dev/sdb
meta-data=/dev/sdb isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=32768000 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=131072000, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=64000, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0查看 vg 逻辑卷组
[root@samba]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 2
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 1
Open LV 1
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size <499.76 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 127938
Alloc PE / Size 127938 / <499.76 GiB
Free PE / Size 0 / 0
VG UUID kNi93D-daLZ-qYmt-hhzS-Kdm3-ZUHv-0eUYL3扩容 vg
[root@samba]# vgextend vg /dev/sdb
WARNING: xfs signature detected on /dev/sdb at offset 0. Wipe it? [y/n]: y
Wiping xfs signature on /dev/sdb.
Physical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully created.
Volume group "vg" successfully extended
[root@samba]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 3
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 1
Open LV 1
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 999.75 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 255937
Alloc PE / Size 127938 / <499.76 GiB
Free PE / Size 127999 / <500.00 GiB
VG UUID kNi93D-daLZ-qYmt-hhzS-Kdm3-ZUHv-0eUYL3查看 lv，把 lv 扩容到 vg 的剩余容量
[root@samba]# lv
lvchange lvcreate lvextend lvmconf lvmdiskscan lvmetad lvmsadc lvreduce lvrename lvs
lvconvert lvdisplay lvm lvmconfig lvmdump lvmpolld lvmsar lvremove lvresize lvscan
[root@samba]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/vg/0
LV Name 0
VG Name vg
LV UUID JQVovf-H4tM-kGNi-Nq9b-QRyE-QDIW-lAg2KP
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time samba, 2020-04-09 16:23:09 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size <499.76 GiB
Current LE 127938
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:0
[root@samba]# lvextend /dev/vg/0 /dev/sdb
Size of logical volume vg/0 changed from <499.76 GiB (127938 extents) to 999.75 GiB (255937 extents).
Logical volume vg/0 successfully resized.
[root@samba]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/vg/0
LV Name 0
VG Name vg
LV UUID JQVovf-H4tM-kGNi-Nq9b-QRyE-QDIW-lAg2KP
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time samba, 2020-04-09 16:23:09 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 999.75 GiB
Current LE 255937
Segments 2
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:0
[root@samba]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 500G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 244M 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 499.8G 0 part
└─vg-0 253:0 0 999.8G 0 lvm /
sdb 8:16 0 500G 0 disk
└─vg-0 253:0 0 999.8G 0 lvm /
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom 最后, 让新增的空间在线生效.centos7 推荐用 xfs 文件格式。
[root@samba]# xfs_
xfs_admin xfs_copy xfs_estimate xfs_fsr xfs_info xfs_logprint xfs_metadump xfs_ncheck xfs_repair
xfs_bmap xfs_db xfs_freeze xfs_growfs xfs_io xfs_mdrestore xfs_mkfile xfs_quota xfs_rtcp
[root@samba]# xfs_growfs -h
xfs_growfs：无效选项 -- h
Usage: xfs_growfs [options] mountpoint
Options:
-d grow data/metadata section
-l grow log section
-r grow realtime section
-n don't change anything, just show geometry
-i convert log from external to internal format
-t alternate location for mount table (/etc/mtab)
-x convert log from internal to external format
-D size grow data/metadata section to size blks
-L size grow/shrink log section to size blks
-R size grow realtime section to size blks
-e size set realtime extent size to size blks
-m imaxpct set inode max percent to imaxpct
-V print version information
[root@samba]# xfs_growfs /
meta-data=/dev/mapper/vg-0 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=32752128 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=131008512, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=63969, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 131008512 to 262079488到此，lvm 扩容完成，最后查看一下
[root@samba]# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用 % 挂载点
devtmpfs 979M 0 979M 0% /dev
tmpfs 991M 0 991M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 991M 18M 973M 2% /run
tmpfs 991M 0 991M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg-0 1000G 267G 734G 27% /
/dev/sda1 241M 133M 109M 55% /boot
tmpfs 199M 0 199M 0% /run/user/1000
正文完
