Linux系统环境基于Docker搭建Mysql数据库服务实战

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开放端口规划：

  • mysql-develop：3407
  • mysql-test：3408
  • mysql-release：3409

ps：
1. 不推荐使用默认端口 -3306，建议自定义端口
2. 如果采用阿里云服务器，在安全组开放端口
3. 自建服务器依据实际情况打开防火墙开放端口[各个系统防火墙不一样, 操作有所不同]，譬如：
Centos7 环境 - 防火墙[firewall-cmd]：

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3407/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3408/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3409/tcp --permanent

4. 防火墙 [firewall-cmd] 常用操作

（1）设置开机启用防火墙：systemctl enable firewalld.service（2）设置开机禁用防火墙：systemctl disable firewalld.service（3）启动防火墙：systemctl start firewalld（4）关闭防火墙：systemctl stop firewalld（5）检查防火墙状态：systemctl status firewalld
二、使用 firewall-cmd 配置端口（1）查看防火墙状态：firewall-cmd --state（2）重新加载配置：firewall-cmd --reload（3）查看开放的端口：firewall-cmd --list-ports（4）开启防火墙端口：firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=9200/tcp --permanent
  命令含义：–zone #作用域
  –add-port=9200/tcp #添加端口，格式为：端口 / 通讯协议
  –permanent #永久生效，没有此参数重启后失效
  注意：添加端口后，必须用命令 firewall-cmd --reload 重新加载一遍才会生效
    firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=9200/tcp --permanent（5）关闭防火墙端口：firewall-cmd --zone=public --remove-port=9200/tcp --permanent

查找镜像：docker search mysql

docker search mysql

拉取镜像：docker pull mysql

docker pull mysql

ps：如果不是自建仓库镜像, 一般从 https://hub.docker.com/ 拉取官 …：
docker pull mysql:5.7 # 拉取 mysql 5.7
docker pull mysql # 拉取最新版 mysql 镜像

部署 mysql 服务：
1. 简单命令实例：[主要使用 Docker 原生命令部署]

docker run -itd -p 3306:3306 --restart always --name mysql-server   -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=db-password -e MYSQL_USER=db-username  mysql:tag

2. 使用 docker-compose 部署实例：使用 docker-compose 搭建
docker-compose.yml 文件进行部署可从,github 和码云等云仓库 git clone 然后修改执行[docker-compose up -d] 部署：
docker-compose.yml 配置实例：

version: '2'
services:
  db:
    image: 'mysql/mysql-server:tag'
    restart: always
    container_name: mysql-server
    environment:
      MYSQL_USER: username
      MYSQL_PASSWORD: password
      MYSQL_DATABASE: database
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: password
    ports:
      - 'server-port[自定义端口]: container-port[默认 3306]'

3. 使用 Docker Portainer 可视化界面自建进行部署

Mysql8.0 数据库配置

基于 Docker 安装的数据库安装完成之后，只能在本地登录, 需要进行授权远程访问连接操作。

  • 1. 创建用户和授权
# 创建自定义 myql 用户 -username 和密码 -pssword
create user 'username'@'%' identified by 'pssword';
>ps：create user 'developer'@'%' identified by '123456Abc@2019';

# 对自定义用户进行授权操作
grant all privileges on *.* to 'username'@'%' with grant option;
>ps：grant all privileges on *.* to 'developer'@'%' with grant option;

# 刷新操作权限[切记此点]
flush privileges;

进入 [root@mysql-develop] 容器：

root@mysql-develop:/# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 15
Server version: 8.0.18 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> create user 'developer'@'%' identified by '123456Abc@2019';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'developer'@'%' with grant option;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql>
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

如图：

ps：
1.mysql8.0 数据操作授权之前得先自定义创建用户，否则无法授权远程登录访问
2.mysql8.0 授权无法使用 mysql5.7 方式：
grant all privileges on . to ‘developer’@’%’ identified by ‘123456Abc@2019’;
请使用：grant all privileges on . to ‘developer’@’%’ with grant option;

第一种：grant all privileges on . to ‘developer’@’%’ identified by ‘123456Abc@2019’ with grant option;

mysql> use mysql
Database changed
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'developer'@'%'  identified by '123456Abc@2019' with grant option;
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'identified by'123456Abc@2019'with grant option' at line 1

第二种：grant all privileges on . to ‘developer’@’%’ identified by 123456Abc@2019’；

mysql> use mysql;
Database changed
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'developer'@'%'  identified by '123456Abc@2019';
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'identified by'123456Abc@2019 at line 1
mysql>

3. 一定而且必须进行刷新权限操作, 否则无法生效，甚至无法授权远程访问

2.mysql8.0 远程访问链接[root 和 developer]

在 mysql 数据库的 user 表中查看当前用户的相关信息：

mysql> use mysql
Database changed
mysql> select host, user, authentication_string, plugin from user;
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------+
| host      | user             | authentication_string                                                  | plugin                |
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------+
| %         | developer        | *F286F2787D69B007CFDE83C115325B2A6FF0B6D2                              | caching_sha2_password |
| %         | root             | *F286F2787D69B007CFDE83C115325B2A6FF0B6D2                              | caching_sha2_password |
| localhost | mysql.infoschema | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | caching_sha2_password |
| localhost | mysql.session    | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | caching_sha2_password |
| localhost | mysql.sys        | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | caching_sha2_password |
_Oo8xLxsqwEOxEkY1i7kToF8VbktysFDQuevvwYqsK61Qi7 | caching_sha2_password |
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>

root 用户：

mysql> use mysql;
Database changed
mysql> GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'root'@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456Abc@2019;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

developer 用户：

mysql> use mysql;
Database changed
mysql> GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'developer'@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> ALTER USER 'developer'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456Abc@2019';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql>

修改加密规则:

mysql> use mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456Abc@2019' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> ALTER USER 'developer'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456Abc@2019' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql>

设置完成需要再次验证用户权限信息：

mysql> use mysql
Database changed
mysql> select host, user, authentication_string, plugin from user;
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------+
| host      | user             | authentication_string                                                  | plugin                |
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------+
| %         | developer        | *F286F2787D69B007CFDE83C115325B2A6FF0B6D2                              | mysql_native_password |
| %         | root             | *F286F2787D69B007CFDE83C115325B2A6FF0B6D2                              | mysql_native_password |
| localhost | mysql.infoschema | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | caching_sha2_password |
| localhost | mysql.session    | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | caching_sha2_password |
| localhost | mysql.sys        | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | caching_sha2_password |
_Oo8xLxsqwEOxEkY1i7kToF8VbktysFDQuevvwYqsK61Qi7 | caching_sha2_password |
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

到此，Navicat 测试连接 msql：

ps[注意事项]：
1.mysql8.0 版本加密规则插件的 plugin 已经换为 caching_sha2_password，而之前的版本的加密规则是 mysql_native_password，经过实测已经不适用于 Navicat 12 以下版本, 可依据自身情况升级客户端到 Navicat 12+，否则会报 2059 或者 1251 错误。

[Question-01].Navicat 2059 错误：

[Question-02].Navicat 1251 错误：

2. 鉴于第一条的情况，可以将 caching_sha2_password 修改为 mysql_native_password 做一个兼容, 低版本也可适用。
3. 修改加密规则，使得密码长期有效。

完整 sql 记录：

mysql> use mysql
mysql> create user 'developer'@'%' identified by '123456Abc@2019';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'developer'@'%' with grant option;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'root'@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456Abc@2019';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'developer'@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> ALTER USER 'developer'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456Abc@2019';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql>  ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'GuangDian@2019' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> ALTER USER 'developer'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'GuangDian@2019' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql>

3 套 mysql 环境：
mysql-develop：
IP：192.168.0.1
Port：3407
Username：root/developer
password：123456Abc@2019

mysql-test：
IP：192.168.0.2
Port：3408
Username：root/developer
password：123456Abc@2019

mysql-release：
IP：192.168.0.3
Port：3409
Username：root/developer
password：123456Abc@2019

数据文件迁移操作

1. 基于 mysqldump+docker cp 命令进行操作

  • 方式 1：直接在宿主机器进行数据备份
docker exec -it docker-id[容器实际部署 id] mysqldump -u root -p passowrd --databases dbA dbB > /root/all-databases-backup.sql
  • 方式 2：先进入到 docker 在执行 mysqldump，然后再将导出的 sql 拷贝到宿主
# 进入 docker
docker exec -it docker-id[容器实际部署 id] /bin/bash
#可选的
source /etc/profile
#执行导出命令
mysqldump -u username -p password --databases dbA dbB > /root/all-databases-backup.sql
#拷贝到宿主机器
#退出 Docker，执行 exit 命令
exit
#此时，已经在宿主的环境，执行拷贝命令，将 sql 文件从 docker 红拷贝出来
docker cp docker-id[容器实际部署 id]: /root/all-databases-backup.sql  /root/all-databases-backup.sql

2. 导入数据文件到容器

# 拷贝备份的文件到 docker 中
docker cp /root/all-databases-backup.sql docker-id[容器实际部署 id]:/root/all-databases-backup.sql
#先进入 docker 环境，然后导入到数据库
docker exec -it xxx /bin/bash
mysql -u username -p password < /root/all-databases-backup.sql
正文完
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发表至： java
2020-07-01
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