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happy-pack-原理解析

前言

当 webpack 打包速度很慢的时候,我们想过很多办法去优化打包速度,happypack 就是一个用来加速打包的插件。

本质上,happypack 是用通过 js 的多进程来实现打包加速,需要注意的是,创建子进程和子进程和主进程之间通信也是有开销的,当你的 loader 很慢的时候,可以加上 happypack,否则,可能会编译的更慢!

happypack 加载入口


HappyPack 位于 webpack 和您的主要源文件(例如 JS 源)之间,在该文件中,大量的加载程序发生转换。每次 webpack 解析模块时,HappyPack 都会获取该模块及其所有依赖项,并将这些文件分发到多个工作程序“线程”。

webpack 的配置

var HappyPack = require('happypack');
var happyThreadPool = HappyPack.ThreadPool({size: os.cpus().length });

...
module: {
        rules: [
            {test: /\.(js?|tsx?|ts?)$/,
                include: [path.resolve(__dirname, 'src'),
                ],
                use: [
                    {loader: 'happypack/loader?id=happyBabel',},
                ],
            },
...
plugins: [
        new HappyPack({
            id: 'happyBabel',
            loaders: ['babel-loader'],
            threadPool: happyThreadPool,
            verbose: true,
        })
]
...

可以看到 happypack 是通过 loader 调用 plugin 来打成插件的目的。loader 指向 HappyLoader.js , loader 执行的时候,根据 ? 后面的 id 来找到对应的插件。

happypack 解析过程

参数初始化

在我们指定的 happypack loader 加载之前,webpack 会根据 option 初始化配置信息之后再去执行 loader。

// HappyPlugin.js
this.name = 'HappyPack';
  this.state = {loaders: [],
    baseLoaderRequest: '',
    foregroundThreadPool: null,
    verbose: false,
    debug: false,
  };

  this.config = OptionParser(userConfig, {id:                       { type: 'string', default: '1'},
    compilerId:               {type: 'string', default: 'default'},
    tempDir:                  {deprecated: true},
    threads:                  {type: 'number', default: 3},
    threadPool:               {type: 'object', default: null},
    verbose:                  {type: 'boolean', default: true},
    verboseWhenProfiling:     {type: 'boolean', default: false},
    debug:                    {type: 'boolean', default: process.env.DEBUG === '1'},
    enabled:                  {deprecated: true},
    // we don't want this to be documented / exposed since it's an
    // implementation detail + not having it on means a bug, but we're making it
    // configurable for testing purposes
    bufferedMessaging:        {type: 'boolean', default: process.platform === 'win32'},
    loaders:                  {validate: function(value) {if (!Array.isArray(value)) {return 'Loaders must be an array!';}
        else if (value.length === 0) {return 'You must specify at least one loader!';}
        else if (value.some(function(loader) {return typeof loader !== 'string' && !loader.path && !loader.loader;})) {return 'Loader must have a @path or @loader property or be a string.'}
      },
    }
  }, "HappyPack");

  this.id = this.config.id;

OptionParser 方法是一个参数校验,初始化的方法
参数说明:

  • id: 在配置文件中设置的与 loader 关联的 id 首先会设置到实例上,为了后续 loader 与 plugin 能进行一对一匹配,在 * HappyLoader.js 中有相对应的判断
  • compilerId: 用于查找当前 webpack compioler 对象的上下文,默认 default
  • tmpDir: 存放打包缓存文件的位置
  • verbose: 是否输出过程日志
  • debug: 是否输出父子进程之间的 debug 信息
  • bufferedMessaging: 在 windows 系统中是否是通过 buffered 传输
  • loaders: 因为配置中文件的处理 loader 都指向了 happypack 提供的 loader , 这里配置的对应文件实际需要运行的 loader

进程池创建

// HappyPlugin.prototype.apply
this.threadPool = this.config.threadPool || HappyThreadPool({
    id: this.id,
    size: this.config.threads,
    verbose: this.state.verbose,
    debug: this.state.debug,
    bufferedMessaging: this.config.bufferedMessaging,
});

rpcHandler

在创建子进程之前会生成一个 rpcHandler 对象, rpcHandler 是 HappyRPCHandler 的实例
HappyRPCHandler.js

function HappyRPCHandler() {this.activeLoaders = new SharedPtrMap();
  this.activeCompilers = new SharedPtrMap();}

SharedPtrMapactiveLoadersactiveCompilers 定义了 set、get 和 delete 方法,用于其他方法赋值

HappyRPCHandler.prototype.registerActiveCompiler = function(id, compiler) {this.activeCompilers.set(id || DEFAULT_COMPILER_ID, compiler);
};
HappyRPCHandler.prototype.unregisterActiveCompiler = function(id) {this.activeCompilers.delete(id || DEFAULT_COMPILER_ID);
};

HappyRPCHandler.prototype.registerActiveLoader = function(id, instance) {this.activeLoaders.set(id || DEFAULT_LOADER_ID, instance);
};

HappyRPCHandler.prototype.unregisterActiveLoader = function(id) {this.activeLoaders.delete(id || DEFAULT_LOADER_ID);
};

rpcHandler 的主要作用是: 绑定当前运行的 loader 与 compiler,同时在文件中,针对 loader 与 compiler 定义调用接口:

COMPILER_RPCs = {resolve: function(compiler, payload, done) {
    var resolver = compiler.resolvers.normal;
    var resolve = compiler.resolvers.normal.resolve;
    ...
    resolve.call(resolver, payload.context, payload.context, payload.resource, done);
  },
};
LOADER_RPCS = {emitWarning: function(loader, payload) {loader.emitWarning(payload.message);
  },
  emitError: function(loader, payload) {loader.emitError(payload.message);
  },
  addDependency: function(loader, payload) {loader.addDependency(payload.file);
  },
  addContextDependency: function(loader, payload) {loader.addContextDependency(payload.file);
  },
};

创建子进程

HappyThreadPool.js

  var threads = createThreads(config.size, rpcHandler, {
    id: config.id,
    verbose: config.verbose,
    debug: config.debug,
    buffered: config.hasOwnProperty('bufferedMessaging') ?
      config.bufferedMessaging :
      process.platform === 'win32',
  });
  ...
  ...
function createThreads(count, rpcHandler, config) {var set = []

  for (var threadId = 0; threadId < count; ++threadId) {var fullThreadId = config.id ? [ config.id, threadId].join(':') : threadId;
    set.push(HappyThread(fullThreadId, rpcHandler, config));
  }

  return set;
}

threadsHappyThread 返回的操作子进程的对象

HappyThread.js

var WORKER_BIN = path.resolve(__dirname, 'HappyWorkerChannel.js');
....
 return {open: function(onReady) {var emitReady = Once(onReady);

      fd = fork(WORKER_BIN, [id, JSON.stringify({ buffered: config.buffered})], {
        // Do not pass through any arguments that were passed to the main
        // process (webpack or node) because they could have unwanted
        // side-effects, see issue #47
        execArgv: [],});

      fd.on('error', throwError);
      fd.on('exit', function(exitCode) {if (exitCode !== 0) {emitReady('HappyPack: worker exited abnormally with code' + exitCode);
        }
      });

      fd.on('message', function(message) {});
    },

    configure: function(compilerId, compilerOptions, done) { },

    /**
     * @param {Object} params
     * @param {String} params.compiledPath
     * @param {Object} params.loaderContext
     *
     * @param {Function} done
     */
    compile: function(params, done) { },

    isOpen: function() {return !!fd;},

    close: function() {},
  };
}

到目前为止,子进程已经创建完成。

初始化

我们回到 HappyPlugin.js

compiler.plugin('watch-run', function(_, done) {if (engageWatchMode() === fnOnce.ALREADY_CALLED) {done();
    }
    else {that.start(compiler, done);
    }
});

compiler.plugin('run', that.start.bind(that));

看到这里在 runwatch-tun 两个 钩子 中调用了 this.start 进行初始化.

HappyPlugin.prototype.start = function(compiler, done) {
  var that = this;
  ...
  async.series([function resolveLoaders(callback) {},
    function launchAndConfigureThreads(callback) {},
    function announceReadiness(callback) {}], done);
};

start 函数通过 async.series 将整个过程串联起来。

1)resolveLoaders
loader 解析,把 loaders 和 baseLoaderRequest 塞到 this.state 里面

function resolveLoaders(callback) {var normalLoaders = that.config.loaders.reduce(function(list, entry) {return list.concat(WebpackUtils.normalizeLoader(entry));
      }, []);

      var loaderPaths = normalLoaders.map(function(loader) {return loader.path;});

      WebpackUtils.resolveLoaders(compiler, loaderPaths, function(err, resolvedPaths) {if (err) return callback(err);

        var withResolvedPaths = normalLoaders.map(function(loader, index) {var resolvedPath = resolvedPaths[index];

          return Object.assign({}, loader, {
            path: resolvedPath,
            request: loader.query ? (loader.path + loader.query) : loader.path
          })
        })

        that.state.loaders = withResolvedPaths;
        that.state.baseLoaderRequest = withResolvedPaths.map(function(loader) {return loader.path + (loader.query || '');
        }).join('!');

        callback();});
    },

2)launchAndConfigureThreads
启动和初始化进程

that.threadPool.start(that.config.compilerId, compiler, serializedOptions, callback);

这里调用到了 HappyThreadPool.js 里的 start 方法
that.threadPool 是进程池创建得到的对象
参数说明:

  • that.config.compilerId: 用于查找当前 webpack compioler 对象的上下文,默认 default
  • compiler:当前上下文 compiler 对象
  • serializedOptions: webpack 的入参,例如 webpack.common.js 的参数
  • callback: 可以理解为下一步,async 库的使用方法

** 第一步:registerActiveCompiler: RPCHandler 绑定 compiler

rpcHandler.registerActiveCompiler(compilerId, compiler);

** 第二步: 找到当前没打开的子进程,调用 open fork 一份子进程
HappyThreadPool.js

async.parallel(threads.filter(not(send('isOpen'))).map(get('open'))

HappyThread.js

open: function(onReady) {var emitReady = Once(onReady);

      fd = fork(WORKER_BIN, [id, JSON.stringify({ buffered: config.buffered})], {execArgv: [],
      });

      fd.on('error', throwError);
      fd.on('exit', function(exitCode) {if (exitCode !== 0) {emitReady('HappyPack: worker exited abnormally with code' + exitCode);
        }
      });

      fd.on('message', function(message) {// message 判断});
    },

子进程运行文件 WORKER_BIN 对应的是 HappyWorkerChannel.js

var HappyWorker = require('./HappyWorker');

if (process.argv[1] === __filename) {startAsWorker();
}

function startAsWorker() {HappyWorkerChannel(String(process.argv[2]), process);
}

function HappyWorkerChannel(id, fd, config) {var fakeCompilers = {};
  var workers = {};

  fd.on('message', accept)
  send({name: 'READY'});
  
  function accept(message) {// 省略函数内容}
}

通过 fd.on(‘message’, accept) 来监听主进程发送过来的消息

** 第三步: 子进程都生成之后,调用 configure 初始化

async.parallel(threads.map(function(thread) {return function(callback) {thread.configure(compilerId, compilerOptions, callback);
  }
}), done);

同样的,来到了 HappyThread.js configure 方法,

configure: function(compilerId, compilerOptions, done) {var messageId = generateMessageId();

  callbacks[messageId] = done;

  send({
    id: messageId,
    name: 'CONFIGURE',
    data: {
      compilerId: compilerId,
      compilerOptions: compilerOptions
    }
  });
},

给子进程发送了一条 CONFIGURE 消息,HappyWorkerChannel 接收到做了如下处理

findOrCreateFakeCompiler(message.data.compilerId)
    .configure(JSONSerializer.deserialize(message.data.compilerOptions));

send({
    id: message.id,
    name: 'CONFIGURE_DONE'
});

findOrCreateFakeCompiler 方法给 workersfakeCompiler 赋值

  • fakeCompilers 是根据接收到的 messageId 作为 key,来生成对应的模拟编译环境, 可以理解为为了模拟执行 loader 而模拟出来的上下文
  • workers 是对应的子进程

同时调用 fakeCompiler 的 configure 来初始化默认的 webpack 配置和编译上下文。

至此,happyPack 的初始化工作全部做完。

开始编译

入口

在 webpack 流程中,在源码文件完成内容读取之后,开始进入到 loader 的编译执行阶段,这时 HappyLoader 作为编译逻辑入口,开始进行编译流程。

HappyLoader

function HappyLoader(sourceCode, sourceMap) {
 ...
 
 query = loaderUtils.getOptions(this) || {};
  compilerId = query.compilerId || DEFAULT_COMPILER_ID;
  loaderId = query.id || DEFAULT_LOADER_ID;
  remoteLoaderId = 'Loader::' + compilerId + loaderId.toString() + ':' + this.resource;

  happyPlugin = pluginList.filter(isHappy(loaderId))[0];

  happyPlugin.compile({
    remoteLoaderId: remoteLoaderId,
    sourceCode: sourceCode,
    sourceMap: sourceMap,
    useSourceMap: this._module.useSourceMap,
    context: this.context,
    request: happyPlugin.generateRequest(this.resource),
    resource: this.resource,
    resourcePath: this.resourcePath,
    resourceQuery: this.resourceQuery,
    target: this.target,
  }, callback());
}

根据 loader 配置 后面的参数找到对应的插件。
同时将原本的 loaderContext(this 指向) 对象的一些参数例如 this.resourcethis.resourcePath 等透传到 HappyPlugin.compile 方法进行编译

编译

编译的起始位置在 HappyPlugincompile 方法

HappyPlugin.js

HappyPlugin.prototype.compile = function(loader, loaderContext, done) {
  var threadPool = this.state.foregroundThreadPool || this.threadPool;

  threadPool.compile(loaderContext.remoteLoaderId, loader, {
    loaders: this.state.loaders,
    loaderContext: loaderContext,
  }, function(err, result) {if (err) {done(ErrorSerializer.deserialize(err));
    }
    else {
      done(null,
        result.compiledSource || '',
        SourceMapSerializer.deserialize(result.compiledMap)
      );
    }
  });
};

这里调用了进程池的 compile
HappyThreadPool.js

compile: function(loaderId, loader, params, done) {var worker = getThread();

  rpcHandler.registerActiveLoader(loaderId, loader);

  worker.compile(params, function(message) {rpcHandler.unregisterActiveLoader(loaderId);

    done(message.error, message.data);
  });
},

这里第一步是给 rpcHandler 注册了当前的 loader 信息
第二步 通过 getThread 找到了对应的进程,调用了 HappyThread.js

//getThread
function RoundRobinThreadPool(threads) {
  var lastThreadId = 0;

  return function getThread() {
    var threadId = lastThreadId;

    lastThreadId++;

    if (lastThreadId >= threads.length) {lastThreadId = 0;}

    return threads[threadId];
  }
}

RoundRobinThreadPool 这里的递增取对应进程很巧妙
最终是由 HappyThread.js 给子进程发了一个 COMPILE 消息

// HappyThread.js
/**
 * @param {Object} params
 * @param {String} params.compiledPath
 * @param {Object} params.loaderContext
 *
 * @param {Function} done
 */
compile: function(params, done) {var messageId = generateMessageId();

  callbacks[messageId] = done;

  send({
    id: messageId,
    name: 'COMPILE',
    data: params,
  });
},

这里的 messageId 是个从 0 开始的递增数字,完成回调方法的存储注册,方便完成编译之后找到回调方法传递信息回主进程。同时在 thread 这一层,也是将参数透传给子进程执行编译。

子进程收到消息
HappyWorkerChannel.js

COMPILE: function(message) {getWorker(message.data.loaderContext.compilerId)
        .compile(message.data, function(err, data) {
          send({
            id: message.id,
            name: 'COMPILED',
            error: err,
            data: data
          });
        });
},

收到消息后,调用 worker.compile
HappyWorker.js

/**
 * @param  {Object} params
 * @param  {Object} params.loaderContext
 * @param  {String} params.loaderContext.sourceCode
 * @param  {?String|?Object} params.loaderContext.sourceMap
 * @param  {Array.<String>} params.loaders
 * @param  {Function} done
 */
HappyWorker.prototype.compile = function(params, done) {
  assert(typeof params.loaderContext.resourcePath === 'string',
    "ArgumentError: expected params.sourcePath to contain path to the source file."
  );

  assert(Array.isArray(params.loaders),
    "ArgumentError: expected params.loaders to contain a list of loaders."
  );

  applyLoaders({
    compiler: this._compiler,
    loaders: params.loaders,
    loaderContext: params.loaderContext,
  }, params.loaderContext.sourceCode, params.loaderContext.sourceMap, function(err, source, sourceMap) {if (err) {done(ErrorSerializer.serialize(err))
    }
    else {
      done(null, {
        compiledSource: source,
        compiledMap: SourceMapSerializer.serialize(sourceMap)
      });
    }
  });
};

在 HappyWorker.js 中的 compile 方法中,调用 applyLoaders 进行 loader 方法执行。applyLoadershappypack 中对 webpack 中 loader 执行过程进行模拟,对应 NormalModuleMixin.js 中的 doBuild 方法。完成对文件的字符串处理编译。

根据 err 判断是否成功。如果判断成功,则将对应文件的编译后内容写入之前传递进来的compiledPath, 反之,则会把错误内容写入。

编译结束

当 webpack 整体编译流程结束后,happypack 开始进行一些善后工作

// HappyPlugin.js

compiler.plugin('done', that.stop.bind(that));

HappyPlugin.prototype.stop = function() {if (this.config.cache) {this.cache.save();
  }

  this.threadPool.stop();};

后记

happypack 源码阅读需要对 webpack 有一定的了解,阅读难度主要在于 webpack 相关的 api 的了解。有兴趣的同学可以一起讨论

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