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《Terraform 101 从入门到实际》这本小册在南瓜慢说官方网站和 GitHub 两个中央同步更新，书中的示例代码也是放在 GitHub 上，不便大家参考查看。
简介
Azure是微软的私有云，它提供了一些收费的资源，具体能够查看：https://azure.microsoft.com/e…
本章将介绍如何通过 Terraform 来应用 Azure 的云资源。
注册 Azure 账号
首先要注册一个 Azure 账号，我抉择用 GitHub 账号登陆，省得又记多一个明码。
跳到 GitHub，批准即可：
创立账号时，有一些信息要填，特地是邮箱和手机号比拟要害：
同时还须要一张 Visa 或 Master 卡，我是有一张 Visa 的卡，填好后会有一个 0 元的扣费，不要放心。上面 Cardholder Name 我填的中文名字，注册胜利了。
0 元扣费胜利后，示意卡是失常的，就能够胜利注册了，注册后就能够到 Portal 查看了。
手动部署虚拟机
为了体验一下 Azure，咱们先手动创立一个虚拟机，操作入口如下：
须要填写一些配置信息，如主机名、区域、镜像、网络端口等，按须要我关上了 22/80/443 端口。
实现配置后，点击创立，提醒要下载密钥对，必须要在创立的时候下载：
创立完资源后，能够在虚拟机列表查看：
依据用户名和公网 IP，咱们能够 ssh 连贯到服务器。须要给密钥文件批改权限，太大是不行的，会报错。
$ chmod 400 ~/Downloads/pksow-azure.pem而后通过上面命令连贯：
$ ssh azureuser@20.2.85.137 -i ~/Downloads/pksow-azure.pem
Welcome to Ubuntu 22.04.1 LTS (GNU/Linux 5.15.0-1030-azure x86_64)
* Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com
* Management: https://landscape.canonical.com
* Support: https://ubuntu.com/advantage
System load: 0.01513671875 Processes: 109
Usage of /: 4.9% of 28.89GB Users logged in: 0
Memory usage: 31% IPv4 address for eth0: 10.0.0.4
Swap usage: 0%
0 updates can be applied immediately.
The programs included with the Ubuntu system are free software;
the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.
Ubuntu comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by
applicable law.
To run a command as administrator (user "root"), use "sudo <command>".
See "man sudo_root" for details.
azureuser@pkslow:~$ free
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 928460 261816 288932 4140 377712 533872
Swap: 0 0 0
azureuser@pkslow:~$ df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/root 29G 1.5G 28G 5% /
tmpfs 454M 0 454M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 182M 1.1M 181M 1% /run
tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
/dev/sda15 105M 5.3M 100M 5% /boot/efi
/dev/sdb1 3.9G 28K 3.7G 1% /mnt
tmpfs 91M 4.0K 91M 1% /run/user/1000通过 azure-cli 创立虚拟机
装置 azure-cli
我的电脑是 MacOS，装置如下：
$ brew update-reset
$ brew install azure-cli
$ which az
/usr/local/bin/az
$ az version
{
"azure-cli": "2.44.1",
"azure-cli-core": "2.44.1",
"azure-cli-telemetry": "1.0.8",
"extensions": {}}其它零碎请参考：https://learn.microsoft.com/e…
权限
通过命令行操作 Azure 的资源，必然是须要权限的，咱们能够通过明码，还能够通过 Service Principal 等形式来登陆。咱们次要应用 Service Principal 的形式来受权。因而咱们先在 Portal 上创立。
在左侧菜单抉择 Azure Active Directory，抉择 利用注册 ，点击 新注册：
注册应用程序：
增加明码：
设置阐明和时长：
创立完后要马上记下明码，前面无奈再获取明码值：
查看租户
须要查看租户 ID，或创立租户：
调配角色
到订阅治理界面：Subscriptions page in Azure portal，查看订阅列表：
点进去后，能够治理访问控制：
把之前创立的 Service Principal 加进来，调配特定角色：
抉择对应的 Service Principal：
命令行登陆
实现以上操作后，就能够通过命令行来登陆 Azure 了：
$ az login --service-principal -u f01d69bf-8ff3-4043-9275-3e0c4de54884 -p B0N8Q~PQu6hTJkBTS5xxxxxxxx******** --tenant 2951528a-e359-4846-9817-ec3ebc2664d4
[
{
"cloudName": "AzureCloud",
"homeTenantId": "2951528a-e359-4846-9817-ec3ebc2664d4",
"id": "cd7921d5-9ba9-45db-bfba-1c397fcaaba3",
"isDefault": true,
"managedByTenants": [],
"name": "Free Trial",
"state": "Enabled",
"tenantId": "2951528a-e359-4846-9817-ec3ebc2664d4",
"user": {
"name": "f01d69bf-8ff3-4043-9275-3e0c4de54884",
"type": "servicePrincipal"
}
}
]-u是注册利用的 ID；
-p就是之前要记下的明码；
--tenant就是租户 ID；
查问之前创立的 VM，胜利：
$ az vm list -g test --output table
Name ResourceGroup Location Zones
------ --------------- ---------- -------
pkslow test eastasia 1创立 vm
通过命令行创立 vm 如下：
$ az vm create --resource-group 'test' --name 'pkslow2' --image 'canonical:0001-com-ubuntu-server-jammy:22_04-lts:22.04.202301100' --admin-username 'larry' --admin-password 'Pa!!!ss123' --location 'eastasia'
{"fqdns": "","id":"/subscriptions/cd7921d5-9ba9-45db-bfba-1c397fcaaba3/resourceGroups/test/providers/Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/pkslow2","location":"eastasia","macAddress":"60-45-BD-57-30-C1","powerState":"VM running","privateIpAddress":"10.0.0.5","publicIpAddress":"20.187.85.53","resourceGroup":"test","zones":""}
查问后胜利创立，曾经有 2 台虚拟机在运行：
$ az vm list -g test --output table
Name ResourceGroup Location Zones
------- --------------- ---------- -------
pkslow test eastasia 1
pkslow2 test eastasia用 Terraform 创立 vm
权限环境变量设置
当咱们应用 Terraform 来操作 Azure 时，同样也是须要权限的，配置以下环境变量即可。这些值在后面的内容曾经讲过了。
export ARM_SUBSCRIPTION_ID="<azure_subscription_id>"
export ARM_TENANT_ID="<azure_subscription_tenant_id>"
export ARM_CLIENT_ID="<service_principal_appid>"
export ARM_CLIENT_SECRET="<service_principal_password>"插件和版本
配置 Terraform 和插件的版本：
terraform {
required_version = ">= 1.1.3"
required_providers {
azurerm = {
source = "hashicorp/azurerm"
version = "3.38.0"
}
}
}创立 vm
通过 azurerm_virtual_machine 来创立 VM 资源：
provider "azurerm" {features {}
}
variable "prefix" {default = "pkslow-azure"}
resource "azurerm_resource_group" "example" {name = "${var.prefix}-resources"
location = "West Europe"
}
resource "azurerm_virtual_network" "main" {name = "${var.prefix}-network"
address_space = ["10.0.0.0/16"]
location = azurerm_resource_group.example.location
resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.example.name
}
resource "azurerm_subnet" "internal" {
name = "internal"
resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.example.name
virtual_network_name = azurerm_virtual_network.main.name
address_prefixes = ["10.0.2.0/24"]
}
resource "azurerm_network_interface" "main" {name = "${var.prefix}-nic"
location = azurerm_resource_group.example.location
resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.example.name
ip_configuration {
name = "testconfiguration1"
subnet_id = azurerm_subnet.internal.id
private_ip_address_allocation = "Dynamic"
}
}
resource "azurerm_virtual_machine" "main" {name = "${var.prefix}-vm"
location = azurerm_resource_group.example.location
resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.example.name
network_interface_ids = [azurerm_network_interface.main.id]
vm_size = "Standard_DS1_v2"
# Uncomment this line to delete the OS disk automatically when deleting the VM
# delete_os_disk_on_termination = true
# Uncomment this line to delete the data disks automatically when deleting the VM
# delete_data_disks_on_termination = true
storage_image_reference {
publisher = "Canonical"
offer = "0001-com-ubuntu-server-jammy"
sku = "22_04-lts"
version = "22.04.202301100"
}
storage_os_disk {
name = "myosdisk1"
caching = "ReadWrite"
create_option = "FromImage"
managed_disk_type = "Standard_LRS"
}
os_profile {
computer_name = "hostname"
admin_username = "larry"
admin_password = "Password1234!"
}
os_profile_linux_config {disable_password_authentication = false}
tags = {environment = "staging"}
}而后咱们执行初始化，会下载 Azure 的 Terraform 插件：
$ terraform init
Initializing the backend...
Initializing provider plugins...
- Finding hashicorp/azurerm versions matching "3.38.0"...
- Installing hashicorp/azurerm v3.38.0...
- Installed hashicorp/azurerm v3.38.0 (signed by HashiCorp)
Terraform has created a lock file .terraform.lock.hcl to record the provider
selections it made above. Include this file in your version control repository
so that Terraform can guarantee to make the same selections by default when
you run "terraform init" in the future.
Terraform has been successfully initialized!
You may now begin working with Terraform. Try running "terraform plan" to see
any changes that are required for your infrastructure. All Terraform commands
should now work.
If you ever set or change modules or backend configuration for Terraform,
rerun this command to reinitialize your working directory. If you forget, other
commands will detect it and remind you to do so if necessary.查看 plan，看看会生成什么资源：
$ terraform plan
Terraform used the selected providers to generate the following execution plan. Resource actions are indicated with the following symbols:
+ create
Terraform will perform the following actions:
# azurerm_network_interface.main will be created
+ resource "azurerm_network_interface" "main" {+ applied_dns_servers = (known after apply)
+ dns_servers = (known after apply)
+ enable_accelerated_networking = false
+ enable_ip_forwarding = false
+ id = (known after apply)
+ internal_dns_name_label = (known after apply)
+ internal_domain_name_suffix = (known after apply)
+ location = "westeurope"
+ mac_address = (known after apply)
+ name = "pkslow-azure-nic"
+ private_ip_address = (known after apply)
+ private_ip_addresses = (known after apply)
+ resource_group_name = "pkslow-azure-resources"
+ virtual_machine_id = (known after apply)
+ ip_configuration {+ gateway_load_balancer_frontend_ip_configuration_id = (known after apply)
+ name = "testconfiguration1"
+ primary = (known after apply)
+ private_ip_address = (known after apply)
+ private_ip_address_allocation = "Dynamic"
+ private_ip_address_version = "IPv4"
+ subnet_id = (known after apply)
}
}
# azurerm_resource_group.example will be created
+ resource "azurerm_resource_group" "example" {+ id = (known after apply)
+ location = "westeurope"
+ name = "pkslow-azure-resources"
}
# azurerm_subnet.internal will be created
+ resource "azurerm_subnet" "internal" {
+ address_prefixes = [+ "10.0.2.0/24",]
+ enforce_private_link_endpoint_network_policies = (known after apply)
+ enforce_private_link_service_network_policies = (known after apply)
+ id = (known after apply)
+ name = "internal"
+ private_endpoint_network_policies_enabled = (known after apply)
+ private_link_service_network_policies_enabled = (known after apply)
+ resource_group_name = "pkslow-azure-resources"
+ virtual_network_name = "pkslow-azure-network"
}
# azurerm_virtual_machine.main will be created
+ resource "azurerm_virtual_machine" "main" {+ availability_set_id = (known after apply)
+ delete_data_disks_on_termination = false
+ delete_os_disk_on_termination = false
+ id = (known after apply)
+ license_type = (known after apply)
+ location = "westeurope"
+ name = "pkslow-azure-vm"
+ network_interface_ids = (known after apply)
+ resource_group_name = "pkslow-azure-resources"
+ tags = {+ "environment" = "staging"}
+ vm_size = "Standard_DS1_v2"
+ identity {+ identity_ids = (known after apply)
+ principal_id = (known after apply)
+ type = (known after apply)
}
+ os_profile {+ admin_password = (sensitive value)
+ admin_username = "larry"
+ computer_name = "hostname"
+ custom_data = (known after apply)
}
+ os_profile_linux_config {+ disable_password_authentication = false}
+ storage_data_disk {+ caching = (known after apply)
+ create_option = (known after apply)
+ disk_size_gb = (known after apply)
+ lun = (known after apply)
+ managed_disk_id = (known after apply)
+ managed_disk_type = (known after apply)
+ name = (known after apply)
+ vhd_uri = (known after apply)
+ write_accelerator_enabled = (known after apply)
}
+ storage_image_reference {
+ offer = "0001-com-ubuntu-server-jammy"
+ publisher = "Canonical"
+ sku = "22_04-lts"
+ version = "22.04.202301100"
}
+ storage_os_disk {
+ caching = "ReadWrite"
+ create_option = "FromImage"
+ disk_size_gb = (known after apply)
+ managed_disk_id = (known after apply)
+ managed_disk_type = "Standard_LRS"
+ name = "myosdisk1"
+ os_type = (known after apply)
+ write_accelerator_enabled = false
}
}
# azurerm_virtual_network.main will be created
+ resource "azurerm_virtual_network" "main" {
+ address_space = [+ "10.0.0.0/16",]
+ dns_servers = (known after apply)
+ guid = (known after apply)
+ id = (known after apply)
+ location = "westeurope"
+ name = "pkslow-azure-network"
+ resource_group_name = "pkslow-azure-resources"
+ subnet = (known after apply)
}
Plan: 5 to add, 0 to change, 0 to destroy.
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Note: You didn't use the -out option to save this plan, so Terraform can't guarantee to take exactly these actions if you run "terraform apply" now.间接 apply，创立对应的资源：
$ terraform apply
Terraform used the selected providers to generate the following execution plan. Resource actions are indicated with the following symbols:
+ create
Terraform will perform the following actions:
# azurerm_network_interface.main will be created
+ resource "azurerm_network_interface" "main" {+ applied_dns_servers = (known after apply)
+ dns_servers = (known after apply)
+ enable_accelerated_networking = false
+ enable_ip_forwarding = false
+ id = (known after apply)
+ internal_dns_name_label = (known after apply)
+ internal_domain_name_suffix = (known after apply)
+ location = "westeurope"
+ mac_address = (known after apply)
+ name = "pkslow-azure-nic"
+ private_ip_address = (known after apply)
+ private_ip_addresses = (known after apply)
+ resource_group_name = "pkslow-azure-resources"
+ virtual_machine_id = (known after apply)
+ ip_configuration {+ gateway_load_balancer_frontend_ip_configuration_id = (known after apply)
+ name = "testconfiguration1"
+ primary = (known after apply)
+ private_ip_address = (known after apply)
+ private_ip_address_allocation = "Dynamic"
+ private_ip_address_version = "IPv4"
+ subnet_id = (known after apply)
}
}
# azurerm_resource_group.example will be created
+ resource "azurerm_resource_group" "example" {+ id = (known after apply)
+ location = "westeurope"
+ name = "pkslow-azure-resources"
}
# azurerm_subnet.internal will be created
+ resource "azurerm_subnet" "internal" {
+ address_prefixes = [+ "10.0.2.0/24",]
+ enforce_private_link_endpoint_network_policies = (known after apply)
+ enforce_private_link_service_network_policies = (known after apply)
+ id = (known after apply)
+ name = "internal"
+ private_endpoint_network_policies_enabled = (known after apply)
+ private_link_service_network_policies_enabled = (known after apply)
+ resource_group_name = "pkslow-azure-resources"
+ virtual_network_name = "pkslow-azure-network"
}
# azurerm_virtual_machine.main will be created
+ resource "azurerm_virtual_machine" "main" {+ availability_set_id = (known after apply)
+ delete_data_disks_on_termination = false
+ delete_os_disk_on_termination = false
+ id = (known after apply)
+ license_type = (known after apply)
+ location = "westeurope"
+ name = "pkslow-azure-vm"
+ network_interface_ids = (known after apply)
+ resource_group_name = "pkslow-azure-resources"
+ tags = {+ "environment" = "staging"}
+ vm_size = "Standard_DS1_v2"
+ identity {+ identity_ids = (known after apply)
+ principal_id = (known after apply)
+ type = (known after apply)
}
+ os_profile {+ admin_password = (sensitive value)
+ admin_username = "larry"
+ computer_name = "hostname"
+ custom_data = (known after apply)
}
+ os_profile_linux_config {+ disable_password_authentication = false}
+ storage_data_disk {+ caching = (known after apply)
+ create_option = (known after apply)
+ disk_size_gb = (known after apply)
+ lun = (known after apply)
+ managed_disk_id = (known after apply)
+ managed_disk_type = (known after apply)
+ name = (known after apply)
+ vhd_uri = (known after apply)
+ write_accelerator_enabled = (known after apply)
}
+ storage_image_reference {
+ offer = "0001-com-ubuntu-server-jammy"
+ publisher = "Canonical"
+ sku = "22_04-lts"
+ version = "22.04.202301100"
}
+ storage_os_disk {
+ caching = "ReadWrite"
+ create_option = "FromImage"
+ disk_size_gb = (known after apply)
+ managed_disk_id = (known after apply)
+ managed_disk_type = "Standard_LRS"
+ name = "myosdisk1"
+ os_type = (known after apply)
+ write_accelerator_enabled = false
}
}
# azurerm_virtual_network.main will be created
+ resource "azurerm_virtual_network" "main" {
+ address_space = [+ "10.0.0.0/16",]
+ dns_servers = (known after apply)
+ guid = (known after apply)
+ id = (known after apply)
+ location = "westeurope"
+ name = "pkslow-azure-network"
+ resource_group_name = "pkslow-azure-resources"
+ subnet = (known after apply)
}
Plan: 5 to add, 0 to change, 0 to destroy.
Do you want to perform these actions?
Terraform will perform the actions described above.
Only 'yes' will be accepted to approve.
Enter a value: yes
azurerm_resource_group.example: Creating...
azurerm_resource_group.example: Creation complete after 9s [id=/subscriptions/cd7921d5-9ba9-45db-bfba-1c397fcaaba3/resourceGroups/pkslow-azure-resources]
azurerm_virtual_network.main: Creating...
azurerm_virtual_network.main: Still creating... [10s elapsed]
azurerm_virtual_network.main: Creation complete after 17s [id=/subscriptions/cd7921d5-9ba9-45db-bfba-1c397fcaaba3/resourceGroups/pkslow-azure-resources/providers/Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/pkslow-azure-network]
azurerm_subnet.internal: Creating...
azurerm_subnet.internal: Still creating... [10s elapsed]
azurerm_subnet.internal: Creation complete after 11s [id=/subscriptions/cd7921d5-9ba9-45db-bfba-1c397fcaaba3/resourceGroups/pkslow-azure-resources/providers/Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/pkslow-azure-network/subnets/internal]
azurerm_network_interface.main: Creating...
azurerm_network_interface.main: Still creating... [10s elapsed]
azurerm_network_interface.main: Creation complete after 10s [id=/subscriptions/cd7921d5-9ba9-45db-bfba-1c397fcaaba3/resourceGroups/pkslow-azure-resources/providers/Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces/pkslow-azure-nic]
azurerm_virtual_machine.main: Creating...
azurerm_virtual_machine.main: Still creating... [10s elapsed]
azurerm_virtual_machine.main: Still creating... [20s elapsed]
azurerm_virtual_machine.main: Still creating... [30s elapsed]
azurerm_virtual_machine.main: Still creating... [40s elapsed]
azurerm_virtual_machine.main: Still creating... [50s elapsed]
azurerm_virtual_machine.main: Still creating... [1m0s elapsed]
azurerm_virtual_machine.main: Creation complete after 1m0s [id=/subscriptions/cd7921d5-9ba9-45db-bfba-1c397fcaaba3/resourceGroups/pkslow-azure-resources/providers/Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/pkslow-azure-vm]
Apply complete! Resources: 5 added, 0 changed, 0 destroyed.查看所有资源，抉择资源组 pkslow-azure-resources 上面的，曾经胜利创立：
应用实现后，通过上面命令删除：
terraform destroy部署 Azure Kubernetes 集群
通过 Auzre CLI 部署
创立资源组
Azure 资源组是用于部署和治理 Azure 资源的逻辑组。创立资源时，零碎会提醒你指定一个地位。该地位次要用于：
（1）资源组元数据的存储地位；
（2）在创立资源期间未指定另一个区域时，资源在 Azure 中的运行地位。
咱们通过以下命令来创立资源组：
$ az group create --name pkslow-aks --location eastasia
{
"id": "/subscriptions/cd7921d5-9ba9-45db-bfba-1c397fcaaba3/resourceGroups/pkslow-aks",
"location": "eastasia",
"managedBy": null,
"name": "pkslow-aks",
"properties": {"provisioningState": "Succeeded"},
"tags": null,
"type": "Microsoft.Resources/resourceGroups"
}创立 AKS
通过上面的命令创立 AKS：
az aks create -g pkslow-aks -n pkslow --enable-managed-identity --node-count 1 --enable-addons monitoring --enable-msi-auth-for-monitoring --generate-ssh-keys创立实现后会输入很大的 Json 日志，咱们间接来查看一下是否正确生成：
$ az aks list --output table
Name Location ResourceGroup KubernetesVersion CurrentKubernetesVersion ProvisioningState Fqdn
------ ---------- --------------- ------------------- -------------------------- ------------------- --------------------------------------------------------
pkslow eastasia pkslow-aks 1.24.6 1.24.6 Succeeded pkslow-pkslow-aks-cd7921-725c7247.hcp.eastasia.azmk8s.io连贯到 AKS
须要有 kubectl 命令，没有的就装置一下：
az aks install-cli连贯集群须要认证，要获取一下验证配置：
$ az aks get-credentials --resource-group pkslow-aks --name pkslow
Merged "pkslow" as current context in /Users/larry/.kube/config胜利后就能够连贯并操作了：
$ kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
aks-nodepool1-29201873-vmss000000 Ready agent 8m45s v1.24.6
$ kubectl get ns
NAME STATUS AGE
default Active 9m33s
kube-node-lease Active 9m35s
kube-public Active 9m35s
kube-system Active 9m35s
$ kubectl get pod -n kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
ama-logs-lhlkb 3/3 Running 0 9m8s
ama-logs-rs-6cf9546595-rdmh9 2/2 Running 0 9m26s
azure-ip-masq-agent-nppvd 1/1 Running 0 9m8s
cloud-node-manager-bd4c2 1/1 Running 0 9m8s
coredns-59b6bf8b4f-lrzpp 1/1 Running 0 9m26s
coredns-59b6bf8b4f-zbbkm 1/1 Running 0 7m56s
coredns-autoscaler-5655d66f64-5946c 1/1 Running 0 9m26s
csi-azuredisk-node-9rpvd 3/3 Running 0 9m8s
csi-azurefile-node-hvxhc 3/3 Running 0 9m8s
konnectivity-agent-95ff8bbd-fwkds 1/1 Running 0 9m26s
konnectivity-agent-95ff8bbd-qg9vx 1/1 Running 0 9m26s
kube-proxy-c5crz 1/1 Running 0 9m8s
metrics-server-7dd74d8758-ms8h9 2/2 Running 0 7m50s
metrics-server-7dd74d8758-nxq9t 2/2 Running 0 7m50s部署测试利用
为了不便，咱们间接应用官网的示例来测试一下。创立文件azure-vote.yaml，内容如下：
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: azure-vote-back
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: azure-vote-back
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: azure-vote-back
spec:
nodeSelector:
"kubernetes.io/os": linux
containers:
- name: azure-vote-back
image: mcr.microsoft.com/oss/bitnami/redis:6.0.8
env:
- name: ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD
value: "yes"
resources:
requests:
cpu: 100m
memory: 128Mi
limits:
cpu: 250m
memory: 256Mi
ports:
- containerPort: 6379
name: redis
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: azure-vote-back
spec:
ports:
- port: 6379
selector:
app: azure-vote-back
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: azure-vote-front
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: azure-vote-front
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: azure-vote-front
spec:
nodeSelector:
"kubernetes.io/os": linux
containers:
- name: azure-vote-front
image: mcr.microsoft.com/azuredocs/azure-vote-front:v1
resources:
requests:
cpu: 100m
memory: 128Mi
limits:
cpu: 250m
memory: 256Mi
ports:
- containerPort: 80
env:
- name: REDIS
value: "azure-vote-back"
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: azure-vote-front
spec:
type: LoadBalancer
ports:
- port: 80
selector:
app: azure-vote-front而后执行以下命令：
$ kubectl apply -f azure-vote.yaml
deployment.apps/azure-vote-back created
service/azure-vote-back created
deployment.apps/azure-vote-front created
service/azure-vote-front created胜利后查看对应资源：
$ kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
azure-vote-back ClusterIP 10.0.156.161 <none> 6379/TCP 112s
azure-vote-front LoadBalancer 10.0.29.217 20.239.124.1 80:30289/TCP 112s
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.0.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 21m
$ kubectl get deployment
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
azure-vote-back 1/1 1 1 2m1s
azure-vote-front 1/1 1 1 2m1s
$ kubectl get pod
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
azure-vote-back-7cd69cc96f-gqm7r 1/1 Running 0 2m7s
azure-vote-front-7c95676c68-jtkqz 1/1 Running 0 2m7s曾经胜利创立。
看 front 那有 external IP，通过它间接在浏览器拜访如下：
利用曾经胜利部署并拜访了。
删除资源组
如果实现测试，不再应用，能够整个资源组一起删除：
az group delete --name pkslow-aks --yes --no-wait通过 Terraform 部署
配置插件和版本
terraform {
required_version = ">= 1.1.3"
required_providers {
azurerm = {
source = "hashicorp/azurerm"
version = "3.38.0"
}
random = {
source = "hashicorp/random"
version = "= 3.1.0"
}
}
}变量设置
给 Terraform 设置一些要用到的变量：
variable "agent_count" {default = 1}
# The following two variable declarations are placeholder references.
# Set the values for these variable in terraform.tfvars
variable "aks_service_principal_app_id" {default = ""}
variable "aks_service_principal_client_secret" {default = ""}
variable "cluster_name" {default = "pkslow-k8s"}
variable "dns_prefix" {default = "pkslow"}
# Refer to https://azure.microsoft.com/global-infrastructure/services/?products=monitor for available Log Analytics regions.
variable "log_analytics_workspace_location" {default = "eastus"}
variable "log_analytics_workspace_name" {default = "testLogAnalyticsWorkspaceName"}
# Refer to https://azure.microsoft.com/pricing/details/monitor/ for Log Analytics pricing
variable "log_analytics_workspace_sku" {default = "PerGB2018"}
variable "resource_group_location" {
default = "eastus"
description = "Location of the resource group."
}
variable "resource_group_name_prefix" {
default = "rg"
description = "Prefix of the resource group name that's combined with a random ID so name is unique in your Azure subscription."
}
variable "ssh_public_key" {default = "~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"}agent_count应该设置正当，这里设成 1 是因为我的账号是收费的，有限度。
输入后果
当 Terraform 执行完，会有一些后果，咱们能够把一些值输入以便应用：
output "client_certificate" {value = azurerm_kubernetes_cluster.k8s.kube_config[0].client_certificate
sensitive = true
}
output "client_key" {value = azurerm_kubernetes_cluster.k8s.kube_config[0].client_key
sensitive = true
}
output "cluster_ca_certificate" {value = azurerm_kubernetes_cluster.k8s.kube_config[0].cluster_ca_certificate
sensitive = true
}
output "cluster_password" {value = azurerm_kubernetes_cluster.k8s.kube_config[0].password
sensitive = true
}
output "cluster_username" {value = azurerm_kubernetes_cluster.k8s.kube_config[0].username
sensitive = true
}
output "host" {value = azurerm_kubernetes_cluster.k8s.kube_config[0].host
sensitive = true
}
output "kube_config" {
value = azurerm_kubernetes_cluster.k8s.kube_config_raw
sensitive = true
}
output "resource_group_name" {value = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name}main.tf 创立 AKS
通过 azurerm_kubernetes_cluster 创立 AKS：
provider "azurerm" {features {}
}
# Generate random resource group name
resource "random_pet" "rg_name" {prefix = var.resource_group_name_prefix}
resource "azurerm_resource_group" "rg" {
location = var.resource_group_location
name = random_pet.rg_name.id
}
resource "random_id" "log_analytics_workspace_name_suffix" {byte_length = 8}
resource "azurerm_log_analytics_workspace" "test" {
location = var.log_analytics_workspace_location
# The WorkSpace name has to be unique across the whole of azure;
# not just the current subscription/tenant.
name = "${var.log_analytics_workspace_name}-${random_id.log_analytics_workspace_name_suffix.dec}"
resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name
sku = var.log_analytics_workspace_sku
}
resource "azurerm_log_analytics_solution" "test" {
location = azurerm_log_analytics_workspace.test.location
resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name
solution_name = "ContainerInsights"
workspace_name = azurerm_log_analytics_workspace.test.name
workspace_resource_id = azurerm_log_analytics_workspace.test.id
plan {
product = "OMSGallery/ContainerInsights"
publisher = "Microsoft"
}
}
resource "azurerm_kubernetes_cluster" "k8s" {
location = azurerm_resource_group.rg.location
name = var.cluster_name
resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name
dns_prefix = var.dns_prefix
tags = {Environment = "Development"}
default_node_pool {
name = "agentpool"
vm_size = "Standard_D2_v2"
node_count = var.agent_count
}
linux_profile {
admin_username = "ubuntu"
ssh_key {key_data = file(var.ssh_public_key)
}
}
network_profile {
network_plugin = "kubenet"
load_balancer_sku = "standard"
}
service_principal {
client_id = var.aks_service_principal_app_id
client_secret = var.aks_service_principal_client_secret
}
}执行
筹备好文件后，先初始化，下载插件：
$ terraform init
Initializing the backend...
Initializing provider plugins...
- Finding hashicorp/random versions matching "3.1.0"...
- Finding hashicorp/azurerm versions matching "3.38.0"...
- Installing hashicorp/random v3.1.0...
- Installed hashicorp/random v3.1.0 (unauthenticated)
- Installing hashicorp/azurerm v3.38.0...
- Installed hashicorp/azurerm v3.38.0 (signed by HashiCorp)
Terraform has created a lock file .terraform.lock.hcl to record the provider
selections it made above. Include this file in your version control repository
so that Terraform can guarantee to make the same selections by default when
you run "terraform init" in the future.
Terraform has been successfully initialized!
You may now begin working with Terraform. Try running "terraform plan" to see
any changes that are required for your infrastructure. All Terraform commands
should now work.
If you ever set or change modules or backend configuration for Terraform,
rerun this command to reinitialize your working directory. If you forget, other
commands will detect it and remind you to do so if necessary.查看 Terraform 打算，晓得将要生成多少资源：
$ terraform plan -out main.tfplan -var="aks_service_principal_app_id=$ARM_CLIENT_ID" -var="aks_service_principal_client_secret=$ARM_CLIENT_SECRET"没有问题则执行变更：
$ terraform apply main.tfplan
Outputs:
client_certificate = <sensitive>
client_key = <sensitive>
cluster_ca_certificate = <sensitive>
cluster_password = <sensitive>
cluster_username = <sensitive>
host = <sensitive>
kube_config = <sensitive>
resource_group_name = "rg-harmless-tomcat"连贯 AKS
把 kube_config 输入，而后设置环境变量就能够通过 kubectl 连贯了：
$ echo "$(terraform output kube_config)" > ./azurek8s
$ export KUBECONFIG=./azurek8s
$ kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
aks-agentpool-45159290-vmss000000 Ready agent 9m20s v1.24.6如果有问题，能够查看 azurek8s 文件是否失常。
创立 PostgreSQL
通过 Azure CLI 创立 Single Server
创立资源组和数据库
先创立资源组：
az group create --name pkslow-sql --location eastasia --tag create-postgresql-server-and-firewall-rule而后创立数据库：
$ az postgres server create \
> --name pkslow-pg \
> --resource-group pkslow-sql \
> --location eastasia \
> --admin-user pguser \
> --admin-password 'Pa$$word' \
> --sku-name GP_Gen5_2
Checking the existence of the resource group 'pkslow-sql'...
Resource group 'pkslow-sql' exists ? : True
Creating postgres Server 'pkslow-pg' in group 'pkslow-sql'...
Your server 'pkslow-pg' is using sku 'GP_Gen5_2' (Paid Tier). Please refer to https://aka.ms/postgres-pricing for pricing details
Make a note of your password. If you forget, you would have to reset your password with 'az postgres server update -n pkslow-pg -g pkslow-sql -p <new-password>'.
{"additionalProperties": {},
"administratorLogin": "pguser",
"byokEnforcement": "Disabled",
"connectionString": "postgres://pguser%40pkslow-pg:Pa$$word@pkslow-pg.postgres.database.azure.com/postgres?sslmode=require",
"earliestRestoreDate": "2023-01-15T03:24:18.440000+00:00",
"fullyQualifiedDomainName": "pkslow-pg.postgres.database.azure.com",
"id": "/subscriptions/cd7921d5-9ba9-45db-bfba-1c397fcaaba3/resourceGroups/pkslow-sql/providers/Microsoft.DBforPostgreSQL/servers/pkslow-pg",
"identity": null,
"infrastructureEncryption": "Disabled",
"location": "eastasia",
"masterServerId": "","minimalTlsVersion":"TLSEnforcementDisabled","name":"pkslow-pg","password":"Pa$$word","privateEndpointConnections": [],"publicNetworkAccess":"Enabled","replicaCapacity": 5,"replicationRole":"None","resourceGroup":"pkslow-sql","sku": {"additionalProperties": {},"capacity": 2,"family":"Gen5","name":"GP_Gen5_2","size": null,"tier":"GeneralPurpose"},"sslEnforcement":"Enabled","storageProfile": {"additionalProperties": {},"backupRetentionDays": 7,"geoRedundantBackup":"Disabled","storageAutogrow":"Enabled","storageMb": 5120
},
"tags": null,
"type": "Microsoft.DBforPostgreSQL/servers",
"userVisibleState": "Ready",
"version": "11"
}创立胜利后，会打印很多有用的信息，如连贯信息。
也能够在当前查看：
az postgres server show --resource-group pkslow-sql --name pkslow-pg禁用 SSL
创立实现后还能够更新一些配置，如咱们禁用 SSL：
az postgres server update --resource-group pkslow-sql --name pkslow-pg --ssl-enforcement Disabled生产环境不要禁用 SSL。
增加防火墙
须要把客户端 IP 增加到 Firewall，不然会连贯失败。
az postgres server firewall-rule create \
--resource-group pkslow-sql \
--server pkslow-pg \
--name AllowIps \
--start-ip-address '0.0.0.0' \
--end-ip-address '255.255.255.255'测试连贯
配置连贯如下，留神用户名不只是pguser：
删除资源
如果不须要再应用，就删除资源：
az group delete --name pkslow-sql通过 Terraform 创立 Flexible Server
插件与版本
terraform {
required_version = ">= 1.1.3"
required_providers {
azurerm = {
source = "hashicorp/azurerm"
version = "3.38.0"
}
}
}
provider "azurerm" {features {}
}变量设置
variable "name_prefix" {
default = "pkslow-pg-fs"
description = "Prefix of the resource name."
}
variable "location" {
default = "eastus"
description = "Location of the resource."
}main.tf 创立
resource "random_pet" "rg-name" {prefix = var.name_prefix}
resource "azurerm_resource_group" "default" {
name = random_pet.rg-name.id
location = var.location
}
resource "azurerm_virtual_network" "default" {name = "${var.name_prefix}-vnet"
location = azurerm_resource_group.default.location
resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.default.name
address_space = ["10.0.0.0/16"]
}
resource "azurerm_network_security_group" "default" {name = "${var.name_prefix}-nsg"
location = azurerm_resource_group.default.location
resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.default.name
security_rule {
name = "test123"
priority = 100
direction = "Inbound"
access = "Allow"
protocol = "Tcp"
source_port_range = "*"
destination_port_range = "*"
source_address_prefix = "*"
destination_address_prefix = "*"
}
}
resource "azurerm_subnet" "default" {name = "${var.name_prefix}-subnet"
virtual_network_name = azurerm_virtual_network.default.name
resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.default.name
address_prefixes = ["10.0.2.0/24"]
service_endpoints = ["Microsoft.Storage"]
delegation {
name = "fs"
service_delegation {
name = "Microsoft.DBforPostgreSQL/flexibleServers"
actions = ["Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets/join/action",]
}
}
}
resource "azurerm_subnet_network_security_group_association" "default" {
subnet_id = azurerm_subnet.default.id
network_security_group_id = azurerm_network_security_group.default.id
}
resource "azurerm_private_dns_zone" "default" {name = "${var.name_prefix}-pdz.postgres.database.azure.com"
resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.default.name
depends_on = [azurerm_subnet_network_security_group_association.default]
}
resource "azurerm_private_dns_zone_virtual_network_link" "default" {name = "${var.name_prefix}-pdzvnetlink.com"
private_dns_zone_name = azurerm_private_dns_zone.default.name
virtual_network_id = azurerm_virtual_network.default.id
resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.default.name
}
resource "azurerm_postgresql_flexible_server" "default" {name = "${var.name_prefix}-server"
resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.default.name
location = azurerm_resource_group.default.location
version = "13"
delegated_subnet_id = azurerm_subnet.default.id
private_dns_zone_id = azurerm_private_dns_zone.default.id
administrator_login = "pguser"
administrator_password = "QAZwsx123"
zone = "1"
storage_mb = 32768
sku_name = "GP_Standard_D2s_v3"
backup_retention_days = 7
depends_on = [azurerm_private_dns_zone_virtual_network_link.default]
}筹备文件：pg-fs-db.tf
resource "azurerm_postgresql_flexible_server_database" "default" {name = "${var.name_prefix}-db"
server_id = azurerm_postgresql_flexible_server.default.id
collation = "en_US.UTF8"
charset = "UTF8"
}输入后果
output "resource_group_name" {value = azurerm_resource_group.default.name}
output "azurerm_postgresql_flexible_server" {value = azurerm_postgresql_flexible_server.default.name}
output "postgresql_flexible_server_database_name" {value = azurerm_postgresql_flexible_server_database.default.name}执行
筹备好 hcl 文件后，执行如下：
$ terraform init
$ terraform plan -out main.tfplan
$ terraform apply main.tfplan
Apply complete! Resources: 10 added, 0 changed, 0 destroyed.
Outputs:
azurerm_postgresql_flexible_server = "pkslow-pg-fs-server"
postgresql_flexible_server_database_name = "pkslow-pg-fs-db"
resource_group_name = "pkslow-pg-fs-delicate-honeybee"创立胜利后，能够查看：
$ az postgres flexible-server list --output table
Name Resource Group Location Version Storage Size(GiB) Tier SKU State HA State Availability zone
------------------- ------------------------------ ---------- --------- ------------------- -------------- --------------- ------- ---------- -------------------
pkslow-pg-fs-server pkslow-pg-fs-delicate-honeybee East US 13 32 GeneralPurpose Standard_D2s_v3 Ready NotEnabled 1当然，在 Portal 上看也是能够的：
删除
不须要了能够执行删除：
terraform destroy在 Azure 云存储上治理 Terraform 状态
默认 Terraform 的状态是保留在本地的，为了平安和合作，在生产环境中个别要保留在云上。
创立 Azure Storage
咱们创立 Storage 来存储 Terraform 状态。按上面一步步执行即可：
RESOURCE_GROUP_NAME=pkslow-tstate-rg
STORAGE_ACCOUNT_NAME=pkslowtfstate
CONTAINER_NAME=tfstate
# Create resource group
az group create --name $RESOURCE_GROUP_NAME --location "West Europe"
# Create storage account
az storage account create --resource-group $RESOURCE_GROUP_NAME --name $STORAGE_ACCOUNT_NAME --sku Standard_LRS --encryption-services blob
# Get storage account key
ACCOUNT_KEY=$(az storage account keys list --resource-group $RESOURCE_GROUP_NAME --account-name $STORAGE_ACCOUNT_NAME --query [0].value -o tsv)
# Create blob container
az storage container create --name $CONTAINER_NAME --account-name $STORAGE_ACCOUNT_NAME --account-key $ACCOUNT_KEY
echo "storage_account_name: $STORAGE_ACCOUNT_NAME"
echo "container_name: $CONTAINER_NAME"
echo "access_key: $ACCOUNT_KEY"Terraform backend
创立完 Storage 后，咱们须要在 Terraform 中配置应用：
terraform {
required_version = ">= 1.1.3"
required_providers {
azurerm = {
source = "hashicorp/azurerm"
version = "3.38.0"
}
local = {
source = "hashicorp/local"
version = "= 2.1.0"
}
}
backend "azurerm" {
resource_group_name = "pkslow-tstate-rg"
storage_account_name = "pkslowtfstate"
container_name = "tfstate"
key = "pkslow.tfstate"
}
}
provider "azurerm" {features {}
}
resource "local_file" "test-file" {
content = "https://www.pkslow.com"
filename = "${path.root}/terraform-guides-by-pkslow.txt"
}次要代码是这块：
backend "azurerm" {
resource_group_name = "pkslow-tstate-rg"
storage_account_name = "pkslowtfstate"
container_name = "tfstate"
key = "pkslow.tfstate"
}这里前三个变量的值都是后面创立 Storage 的时候指定的。
执行 Terraform
初始化：
$ terraform init
Initializing the backend...
Initializing provider plugins...
- Finding hashicorp/local versions matching "2.1.0"...
- Finding hashicorp/azurerm versions matching "3.38.0"...
- Installing hashicorp/local v2.1.0...
- Installed hashicorp/local v2.1.0 (unauthenticated)
- Installing hashicorp/azurerm v3.38.0...
- Installed hashicorp/azurerm v3.38.0 (signed by HashiCorp)
Terraform has created a lock file .terraform.lock.hcl to record the provider
selections it made above. Include this file in your version control repository
so that Terraform can guarantee to make the same selections by default when
you run "terraform init" in the future.
Terraform has been successfully initialized!
You may now begin working with Terraform. Try running "terraform plan" to see
any changes that are required for your infrastructure. All Terraform commands
should now work.
If you ever set or change modules or backend configuration for Terraform,
rerun this command to reinitialize your working directory. If you forget, other
commands will detect it and remind you to do so if necessary.看日志就会初始化 backend。
执行 apply：
$ terraform apply -auto-approve
Acquiring state lock. This may take a few moments...
Terraform used the selected providers to generate the following execution plan. Resource actions are indicated with the following symbols:
+ create
Terraform will perform the following actions:
# local_file.test-file will be created
+ resource "local_file" "test-file" {
+ content = "https://www.pkslow.com"
+ directory_permission = "0777"
+ file_permission = "0777"
+ filename = "./terraform-guides-by-pkslow.txt"
+ id = (known after apply)
}
Plan: 1 to add, 0 to change, 0 to destroy.
local_file.test-file: Creating...
local_file.test-file: Creation complete after 0s [id=6db7ad1bbf57df0c859cd5fc62ff5408515b5fc1]
Releasing state lock. This may take a few moments...
Apply complete! Resources: 1 added, 0 changed, 0 destroyed.而后咱们去查看 Azure Storage，就能够发现曾经生成一个 Terraform 状态文件：
如果不再应用，记得删除资源。
正文完