关于网页爬虫:从零开始搭建完整的电影全栈系统一数据库设计及爬虫编写

前言：对于题目仿佛有些虚夸，所谓的全栈零碎次要包含数据的爬取，web 网站展现，挪动设施 App，次要记录学习过程中知识点，以备忘。

** 技术栈：
1，Scrapy 爬虫框架：记录爬虫框架的工作流程，简略爬虫的编写
2，Yii 框架：用于 PC 网站、挪动网站以及 RESTful Api（为什么不持续用 python 注入 django 或者 fastapi 等框架？次要是目前还不相熟）
3，Flutter 挪动：用于挪动 App 搭建 **

免责申明：该我的项目不会贮存任何视频资源到服务器，仅作为集体学习过程点滴积攒。

数据库构造：

vod_detail 次要保留视频信息，play_url 用于各个视频的播放地址。这里将视频信息和播放地址离开到不同的表中保留集体感觉更加正当，比方一个电视剧之类的能够有多个剧集播放地址。各个字段阐明见表构造。

vod_detail：

-- phpMyAdmin SQL Dump
-- version 4.8.5
-- https://www.phpmyadmin.net/
--
-- 主机：localhost
-- 生成日期：2020-09-09 10:33:32
-- 服务器版本：5.7.26
-- PHP 版本：7.3.4

SET SQL_MODE = "NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO";
SET AUTOCOMMIT = 0;
START TRANSACTION;
SET time_zone = "+00:00";

--
-- 数据库：`film`
--

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- 表的构造 `vod_detail`
--

CREATE TABLE `vod_detail` (`id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `url` varchar(500) NOT NULL COMMENT '采集的 url',
  `url_id` varchar(100) NOT NULL COMMENT '采集的 url 通过加密生成的惟一字符串',
  `vod_title` varchar(255) NOT NULL COMMENT '视频名称',
  `vod_sub_title` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '视频别名',
  `vod_blurb` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '简介',
  `vod_content` longtext COMMENT '具体介绍',
  `vod_status` int(11) DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '状态',
  `vod_type` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '视频分类',
  `vod_class` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '扩大分类',
  `vod_tag` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `vod_pic_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '图片 url',
  `vod_pic_path` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '图片下载保留门路',
  `vod_pic_thumb` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `vod_actor` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '演员',
  `vod_director` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '导演',
  `vod_writer` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '编剧',
  `vod_remarks` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '影片版本',
  `vod_pubdate` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `vod_area` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '地区',
  `vod_lang` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '语言',
  `vod_year` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '年代',
  `vod_hits` int(11) DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '总浏览数',
  `vod_hits_day` int(11) DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '一天浏览数',
  `vod_hits_week` int(11) DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '一周浏览数',
  `vod_hits_month` int(11) DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '一月浏览数',
  `vod_up` int(11) DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '顶数',
  `vod_down` int(11) DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '踩数',
  `vod_score` decimal(3,1) DEFAULT '0.0' COMMENT '总评分',
  `vod_score_all` int(11) DEFAULT '0',
  `vod_score_num` int(11) DEFAULT '0',
  `vod_create_time` int(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '创立工夫',
  `vod_update_time` int(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '更新工夫',
  `vod_lately_hit_time` int(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '最初浏览工夫'
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;

--
-- 转储表的索引
--

--
-- 表的索引 `vod_detail`
--
ALTER TABLE `vod_detail`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  ADD UNIQUE KEY `url_id` (`url_id`) COMMENT '惟一 防止抓取过的网址反复采集';

--
-- 在导出的表应用 AUTO_INCREMENT
--

--
-- 应用表 AUTO_INCREMENT `vod_detail`
--
ALTER TABLE `vod_detail`
  MODIFY `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;
COMMIT;

play_url：

-- phpMyAdmin SQL Dump
-- version 4.8.5
-- https://www.phpmyadmin.net/
--
-- 主机：localhost
-- 生成日期：2020-09-09 10:34:59
-- 服务器版本：5.7.26
-- PHP 版本：7.3.4

SET SQL_MODE = "NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO";
SET AUTOCOMMIT = 0;
START TRANSACTION;
SET time_zone = "+00:00";

--
-- 数据库：`film`
--

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- 表的构造 `play_url`
--

CREATE TABLE `play_url` (`id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `play_title` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `play_from` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `play_url` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `play_url_aes` varchar(100) NOT NULL COMMENT '将 url 生成惟一字符串',
  `url_id` varchar(100) NOT NULL COMMENT '关联 vod_detail url_id',
  `create_time` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `update_time` int(11) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;

--
-- 转储表的索引
--

--
-- 表的索引 `play_url`
--
ALTER TABLE `play_url`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  ADD UNIQUE KEY `play_url_aes` (`play_url_aes`);

--
-- 在导出的表应用 AUTO_INCREMENT
--

--
-- 应用表 AUTO_INCREMENT `play_url`
--
ALTER TABLE `play_url`
  MODIFY `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;
COMMIT;

影视数据爬虫：

环境：python3.8
爬虫框架：scrapy
环境搭建配置略过。。。。
这里抉择抓取的是一个影视资源站，特点就是它就是专门给他人爬取采集的，无反爬虫限度，构造简略，相应的爬虫就简略。

（一）这里记录下装置 Scrapy 容易出错点及爬虫调试的配置：

python 装置虚拟环境工具：

pip install virtualenv

1，新建虚拟环境：

进入寄存虚拟环境的文件夹

virtualenv pachong

2，Scarapy 框架装置:

进入创立的虚拟环境（能够在 cmd 中或者 pycharm 命令控制台操作）

先装置 Scarapy 框架依赖：lxml、Twisted、pywin32 最好提前离线装置。

离线包下载地址：https://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohl…

3，再装置 scrapy

4，新建 Scrapy 我的项目：进入虚拟环境 scrapy startproject MoviesSpider

5，新建一个 okzy 爬虫：scrapy genspider okzy okzy.co

6，如何在 pychar 中调试爬虫：

因为 pycharm 不能间接新建 scrapy 我的项目，所以能够在爬虫我的项目根目录新建 main.py 代码如下：

import os

import sys

from scrapy.cmdlineimport execute

sys.path.append(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))

execute([‘scrapy’, ‘crawl’, ‘cnblogs’])

（二）爬虫目录构造：

阐明：scrapy 基础知识工作流程这里不具体开展。

A, models 目录中的 film 文件是应用 peewee 依据数据库生成的 model 类，对于 peewee 的次要作用既能够依据数据库生成 model，也能够依据 model 类创立对应的表。peewee 是一款轻量化的 ORM 框架，让咱们更加面向对象的操作数据库。这样咱们在爬取玩数据插入数据库的时候就能够不写那些麻烦又容易出错的原生 SQL 语句了。相熟 php yii 的小伙伴能够类比 yii 自带的脚手架工具 gii。peewee 文档：peewee 文档

models 中的 retry_mySQLDatabase 文件是爬取到的数据存入 Mysql 时既应用连接池 又应用重连，避免连接时间过长插入数据可能出错。

film.py 代码：

from peewee import *

# database = MySQLDatabase('film', **{'charset': 'utf8', 'sql_mode': 'PIPES_AS_CONCAT', 'use_unicode': True, 'host': '127.0.0.1', 'port': 3306, 'user': 'root', 'password': 'root'})
from models.retry_mySQLDatabase import RetryMySQLDatabase

database = database = RetryMySQLDatabase.get_db_instance()


class UnknownField(object):
    def __init__(self, *_, **__): pass


class BaseModel(Model):
    class Meta:
        database = database


class PlayUrl(BaseModel):
    create_time = IntegerField(null=True)
    play_from = CharField(null=True)
    play_title = CharField(null=True)
    play_url = CharField()
    play_url_aes = CharField()
    update_time = IntegerField(null=True)
    url_id = CharField(unique=True)

    class Meta:
        table_name = 'play_url'


class VodDetail(BaseModel):
    url = CharField()
    url_id = CharField(unique=True)
    vod_actor = CharField(null=True)
    vod_area = CharField(null=True)
    vod_blurb = CharField(null=True)
    vod_class = CharField(null=True)
    vod_content = TextField(null=True)
    vod_create_time = IntegerField(null=True)
    vod_director = CharField(null=True)
    vod_down = IntegerField(constraints=[SQL("DEFAULT 0")], null=True)
    vod_hits = IntegerField(constraints=[SQL("DEFAULT 0")], null=True)
    vod_hits_day = IntegerField(constraints=[SQL("DEFAULT 0")], null=True)
    vod_hits_month = IntegerField(constraints=[SQL("DEFAULT 0")], null=True)
    vod_hits_week = IntegerField(constraints=[SQL("DEFAULT 0")], null=True)
    vod_lang = CharField(null=True)
    vod_lately_hit_time = IntegerField(null=True)
    vod_pic_path = CharField(null=True)
    vod_pic_thumb = CharField(null=True)
    vod_pic_url = CharField(null=True)
    vod_pubdate = IntegerField(null=True)
    vod_remarks = CharField(null=True)
    vod_score = DecimalField(constraints=[SQL("DEFAULT 0.0")], null=True)
    vod_score_all = IntegerField(constraints=[SQL("DEFAULT 0")], null=True)
    vod_score_num = IntegerField(constraints=[SQL("DEFAULT 0")], null=True)
    vod_status = IntegerField(constraints=[SQL("DEFAULT 0")], null=True)
    vod_sub_title = CharField(null=True)
    vod_tag = CharField(null=True)
    vod_title = CharField()
    vod_type = CharField(null=True)
    vod_up = IntegerField(constraints=[SQL("DEFAULT 0")], null=True)
    vod_update_time = IntegerField(null=True)
    vod_writer = CharField(null=True)
    vod_year = CharField(null=True)

    class Meta:
        table_name = 'vod_detail'


class VodTags(BaseModel):
    frequency = IntegerField(null=True)
    name = CharField()

    class Meta:
        table_name = 'vod_tags'


class VodType(BaseModel):
    type_des = CharField(constraints=[SQL("DEFAULT''")], null=True)
    type_en = CharField(constraints=[SQL("DEFAULT''")], index=True, null=True)
    type_extend = TextField(null=True)
    type_jumpurl = CharField(constraints=[SQL("DEFAULT''")], null=True)
    type_key = CharField(constraints=[SQL("DEFAULT''")], null=True)
    type_logo = CharField(constraints=[SQL("DEFAULT''")], null=True)
    type_mid = IntegerField(constraints=[SQL("DEFAULT 1")], index=True, null=True)
    type_name = CharField(constraints=[SQL("DEFAULT''")], index=True)
    type_pic = CharField(constraints=[SQL("DEFAULT''")], null=True)
    type_pid = IntegerField(constraints=[SQL("DEFAULT 0")], index=True, null=True)
    type_sort = IntegerField(constraints=[SQL("DEFAULT 0")], index=True, null=True)
    type_status = IntegerField(constraints=[SQL("DEFAULT 1")], null=True)
    type_title = CharField(constraints=[SQL("DEFAULT''")], null=True)
    type_tpl = CharField(constraints=[SQL("DEFAULT''")], null=True)
    type_tpl_detail = CharField(constraints=[SQL("DEFAULT''")], null=True)
    type_tpl_down = CharField(constraints=[SQL("DEFAULT''")], null=True)
    type_tpl_list = CharField(constraints=[SQL("DEFAULT''")], null=True)
    type_tpl_play = CharField(constraints=[SQL("DEFAULT''")], null=True)
    type_union = CharField(constraints=[SQL("DEFAULT''")], null=True)

    class Meta:
        table_name = 'vod_type'

retry_mySQLDatabase.py 代码：

from playhouse.pool import PooledMySQLDatabase
from playhouse.shortcuts import ReconnectMixin
"""既应用连接池 又应用重连"""

class RetryMySQLDatabase(ReconnectMixin, PooledMySQLDatabase):
    _instance = None

    @staticmethod
    def get_db_instance():
        if not RetryMySQLDatabase._instance:
            RetryMySQLDatabase._instance = RetryMySQLDatabase(
                'film',
                **{'charset': 'utf8', 'sql_mode': 'PIPES_AS_CONCAT', 'use_unicode': True,
                   'host': '127.0.0.1', 'port': 3306, 'user': 'root', 'password': 'root'}
            )
        return RetryMySQLDatabase._instance

B，MoviesSpider 目录是爬虫主体目录。spiders 中是指标站 okzy 爬虫，upload 中寄存影视图片，items、middlewares、pipelines、settings 等同学们自行相熟 Scrapy 工作原理和各个文件作用。

items.py 文件：OkzyMoviesDetailspiderItem 和 OkzyMoviesspiderPlayurlItem 别离对应影视详情和影片播放地址，都定义了个 save_into_sql 办法配合 peewee 生成的 model 类插入爬取到的数据到 mysql。MoviesItemLoader 是重写 ItemLoader 次要是避免指标网站有些数据不存在的出错问题和数据荡涤。对于 input_processor 和 output_processor 如何解决爬取到的数据，及与之相似作用的优先级问题能够参考：scrapy–Itemloader 数据荡涤 –input_processor 和 output_processor 比拟

# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html
import scrapy
from itemloaders.processors import TakeFirst, MapCompose, Identity
from scrapy.loader import ItemLoader
from scrapy.loader.common import wrap_loader_context
from scrapy.utils.misc import arg_to_iter

from models.film import VodDetail, PlayUrl
from utils.common import date_convert


def MergeDict(dict1, dict2):
    return dict2.update(dict1)
    pass


class MapComposeCustom(MapCompose):
    # 自定义 MapCompose，当 value 没元素时传入 " "
    def __call__(self, value, loader_context=None):
        if not value:
            value.append(" ")
        values = arg_to_iter(value)
        if loader_context:
            context = MergeDict(loader_context, self.default_loader_context)
        else:
            context = self.default_loader_context
        wrapped_funcs = [wrap_loader_context(f, context) for f in self.functions]
        for func in wrapped_funcs:
            next_values = []
            for v in values:
                next_values += arg_to_iter(func(v))
            values = next_values
        return values


class TakeFirstCustom(TakeFirst):
    """解决采集的元素不存在问题"""

    def __call__(self, values):
        for value in values:
            if value is not None and value != '':
                return value.strip() if isinstance(value, str) else value


"""重写 ItemLoader, 默认取第一个元素并解决不存在的元素"""


class MoviesItemLoader(ItemLoader):
    default_output_processor = TakeFirstCustom()
    default_input_processor = MapComposeCustom()


class MoviesspiderItem(scrapy.Item):
    # define the fields for your item here like:
    # name = scrapy.Field()
    pass


class OkzyMoviesDetailspiderItem(scrapy.Item):
    # define the fields for your item here like:
    # name = scrapy.Field()
    url = scrapy.Field()
    url_id = scrapy.Field()
    vod_title = scrapy.Field()
    vod_sub_title = scrapy.Field()
    vod_blurb = scrapy.Field()
    vod_content = scrapy.Field()
    vod_status = scrapy.Field()
    vod_type = scrapy.Field()
    vod_class = scrapy.Field()
    vod_tag = scrapy.Field()
    vod_pic_url = scrapy.Field(output_processor=Identity())  # 优先级高于 default_output_processor，因为 scrapy 要求下载图片、文件，不能是字符串，所以默认解决
    vod_pic_path = scrapy.Field()  # 下载的图片保留门路
    vod_pic_thumb = scrapy.Field()
    vod_actor = scrapy.Field()
    vod_director = scrapy.Field()
    vod_writer = scrapy.Field()
    vod_remarks = scrapy.Field()
    vod_pubdate = scrapy.Field()
    vod_area = scrapy.Field()
    vod_lang = scrapy.Field()
    vod_year = scrapy.Field()
    vod_hits = scrapy.Field()
    vod_hits_day = scrapy.Field()
    vod_hits_week = scrapy.Field()
    vod_hits_month = scrapy.Field()
    vod_up = scrapy.Field()
    vod_down = scrapy.Field()
    vod_score = scrapy.Field()
    vod_score_all = scrapy.Field()
    vod_score_num = scrapy.Field()
    vod_create_time = scrapy.Field(input_processor=MapCompose(date_convert))
    vod_update_time = scrapy.Field(input_processor=MapCompose(date_convert))
    vod_lately_hit_time = scrapy.Field()
    pass

    def save_into_sql(self):
        if not VodDetail.table_exists():
            VodDetail.create_table()
        vod_detail = VodDetail.get_or_none(VodDetail.url_id == self['url_id'])
        if vod_detail is not None:
            data = vod_detail
        else:
            data = VodDetail()
        try:
            data.url = self['url']
            data.url_id = self['url_id']
            data.vod_title = self['vod_title']
            data.vod_sub_title = self['vod_sub_title']
            # data.vod_blurb = self['vod_blurb']
            data.vod_content = self['vod_content']
            data.vod_status = 1
            data.vod_type = self['vod_type']
            data.vod_class = self['vod_class']
            # data.vod_tag=self['vod_tag']
            data.vod_pic_url = self['vod_pic_url'][0]
            data.vod_pic_path = self['vod_pic_path']
            # data.vod_pic_thumb=self['vod_pic_thumb']
            data.vod_actor = self['vod_actor']
            data.vod_director = self['vod_director']
            # data.vod_writer=self['vod_writer']
            data.vod_remarks = self['vod_remarks']
            # data.vod_pubdate=self['vod_pubdate']
            data.vod_area = self['vod_area']
            data.vod_lang = self['vod_lang']
            data.vod_year = self['vod_year']
            # data.vod_hits=self['vod_hits']
            # data.vod_hits_day=self['vod_hits_day']
            # data.vod_hits_week=self['vod_hits_week']
            # data.vod_hits_month=self['vod_hits_month']
            # data.vod_up=self['vod_up']
            # data.vod_down=self['vod_down']
            data.vod_score = self['vod_score']
            data.vod_score_all = self['vod_score_all']
            data.vod_score_num = self['vod_score_num']
            data.vod_create_time = self['vod_create_time']
            data.vod_update_time = self['vod_update_time']
            # data.vod_lately_hit_time = self['vod_lately_hit_time']
            row = data.save()

        except Exception as e:
            print(e)
            pass


class OkzyMoviesspiderPlayurlItem(scrapy.Item):
    play_title = scrapy.Field()
    play_from = scrapy.Field()
    play_url = scrapy.Field()
    play_url_aes = scrapy.Field()
    url_id = scrapy.Field()
    create_time = scrapy.Field(input_processor=MapCompose(date_convert))
    update_time = scrapy.Field(input_processor=MapCompose(date_convert))

    def save_into_sql(self):
        if not PlayUrl.table_exists():
            PlayUrl.create_table()
        play_url = PlayUrl.get_or_none(PlayUrl.play_url_aes == self['play_url_aes'])
        if play_url is not None:
            data = play_url
        else:
            data = PlayUrl()
        try:
            data.play_title = self['play_title']
            data.play_from = self['play_from']
            data.play_url = self['play_url']
            data.play_url_aes = self['play_url_aes']
            data.url_id = self['url_id']
            data.create_time = self['create_time']
            data.update_time = self['update_time']
            row = data.save()
        except Exception as e:
            print(e)
        pass

    pass

pipelines.py 文件：MovieImagesPipeline 类重写 scrapy.pipelines.images.ImagesPipeline 获取图片下载地址 给 items，MysqlPipeline 类是插入爬取的数据存入 mysql。

# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
import re

from scrapy import Request
# useful for handling different item types with a single interface
from scrapy.pipelines.images import ImagesPipeline

from utils.common import pinyin


class MoviesspiderPipeline:
    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        return item


# 重写 scrapy.pipelines.images.ImagesPipeline 获取图片下载地址 给 items

class MovieImagesPipeline(ImagesPipeline):

    def get_media_requests(self, item, info):
        if "vod_pic_url" in item:
            for vod_pic_url in item['vod_pic_url']:
                yield Request(url=vod_pic_url, meta={'item': item})  # 增加 meta 是为了上面重命名文件名应用

    def file_path(self, request, response=None, info=None):

        item = request.meta['item']
        movietitle = item['vod_title']
        #去除特殊字符，只保留汉子，字母、数字
        sub_str = re.sub(u"([^\u4e00-\u9fa5\u0030-\u0039\u0041-\u005a\u0061-\u007a])", "", movietitle)
        img_guid = request.url.split('/')[-1]  # 失去图片名和后缀
        filename = '/upload/images/{0}/{1}'.format(pinyin(sub_str), img_guid)
        return filename

        # return super().file_path(request, response, info)

    # def thumb_path(self, request, thumb_id, response=None, info=None):
    #     item = request.meta['item']
    #     movietitle = pinyin(item['vod_title'][0])
    #     img_guid = request.url.split('/')[-1]  # 失去图片名和后缀
    #     filename = '/images/{0}/thumbs/{1}/{2}'.format(movietitle, thumb_id, img_guid)
    #     return filename

    def item_completed(self, results, item, info):
        image_file_path = ""if"vod_pic_url" in item:
            for ok, value in results:
                image_file_path = value["path"]
            item["vod_pic_path"] = image_file_path
        return item


class MysqlPipeline(object):

    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        """
        每个 item 中都实现 save_into_sql() 办法，就能够用同一个 MysqlPipeline 去解决
        :param item:
        :param spider:
        :return:
        """
        item.save_into_sql()
        return item

settings.py 次要设置了图片下载 item 及门路。

# Scrapy settings for MoviesSpider project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
#     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
#     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
import os

current_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
BOT_NAME = 'MoviesSpider'

SPIDER_MODULES = ['MoviesSpider.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'MoviesSpider.spiders'

# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
# USER_AGENT = 'MoviesSpider (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'

# Obey robots.txt rules
# ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = True
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False

# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
# CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32

# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
# DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
# CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
# CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16

# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
# COOKIES_ENABLED = False

# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
# TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False

# Override the default request headers:
# DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
#   'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
#   'Accept-Language': 'en',
# }

# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
# SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'MoviesSpider.middlewares.MoviesspiderSpiderMiddleware': 543,
# }

# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
# DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'MoviesSpider.middlewares.MoviesspiderDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
# }

# Enable or disable extensions
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
# EXTENSIONS = {
#    'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
# }

# Configure item pipelines
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
    'MoviesSpider.pipelines.MoviesspiderPipeline': 300,
    # 重写 scrapy.pipelines.images.ImagesPipeline 获取图片下载地址 给 items
    'MoviesSpider.pipelines.MovieImagesPipeline': 1,
    'MoviesSpider.pipelines.MysqlPipeline': 20,
}

# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
# AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
# AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
# AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
# AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
# AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False

# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
# HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
# HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
# HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
# HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
# HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'
# 图片下载门路配置
IMAGES_STORE = os.path.join(current_dir, 'upload')
# 配置要下载的 item
IMAGES_URLS_FIELD = "vod_pic_url"
# 生成图片缩略图，增加设置
# IMAGES_THUMBS = {#     'small': (80, 80),
#     'big': (200, 200),
# }
USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/84.0.4147.125 Safari/537.36'
# RANDOMIZE_DOWNLOAD_DELAY = True
# DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 2

对于 scrapy 图片、文件下载配置自行参考文档。值得注意的一点，因为 scrapy 要求下载图片、文件，不能是字符串，所以 item 中应用默认解决 vod_pic_url = scrapy.Field(output_processor=Identity())。

C，spiders 目录中的 okzy 文件是爬虫。因为指标站构造简略所以爬虫就绝对简略。parse 办法是解析影片列表获取详情页地址，parse_detail 是解析详情页取得影片详情及播放地址。

from urllib import parse

import scrapy
from scrapy import Request

from MoviesSpider.items import OkzyMoviesDetailspiderItem, OkzyMoviesspiderPlayurlItem, MoviesItemLoader
from utils import common


class OkzySpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'okzy'
    allowed_domains = ['okzy.co']
    start_urls = ['https://okzy.co/?m=vod-index-pg-1.html']
    # start_urls = ['https://okzy.co/?m=vod-type-id-22-pg-1.html']

    def parse(self, response):
        all_urls = response.css(".xing_vb4 a::attr(href)").extract()
        for url in all_urls:
            yield Request(url=parse.urljoin(response.url, url), callback=self.parse_detail)

        list_urls = list(range(1, 3))
        list_urls.reverse()
        # for i in list_urls:
        #     url = 'https://okzy.co/?m=vod-index-pg-{0}.html'.format(i)
        #     yield Request(url=url, callback=self.parse)

    def parse_detail(self, response):
        voddetail_item_loader = MoviesItemLoader(item=OkzyMoviesDetailspiderItem(), response=response)
        voddetail_item_loader.add_value('url', response.url)
        voddetail_item_loader.add_value("url_id", common.get_md5(response.url))
        voddetail_item_loader.add_css('vod_title', 'h2::text')
        voddetail_item_loader.add_css('vod_sub_title',
                                      '.vodinfobox > ul:nth-child(1) > li:nth-child(1) > span:nth-child(1)::text')
        # voddetail_item_loader.add_xpath('vod_blurb', '//h2/text()')
        voddetail_item_loader.add_css('vod_content', 'div.ibox:nth-child(2) > div:nth-child(2)::text')
        # voddetail_item_loader.add_xpath('vod_status', '//h2/text()')
        voddetail_item_loader.add_css('vod_type',
                                      '.vodinfobox > ul:nth-child(1) > li:nth-child(4) > span:nth-child(1)::text')
        voddetail_item_loader.add_xpath('vod_class',
                                        '/html/body/div[5]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/ul/li[4]/span/a/text()')
        # voddetail_item_loader.add_xpath('tag', '//h2/text()'
        voddetail_item_loader.add_css('vod_pic_url', '.lazy::attr(src)')
        # voddetail_item_loader.add_xpath('vod_pic_thumb', '//h2/text()')
        voddetail_item_loader.add_css('vod_actor',
                                      '.vodinfobox > ul:nth-child(1) > li:nth-child(3) > span:nth-child(1)::text')
        voddetail_item_loader.add_css('vod_director',
                                      '.vodinfobox > ul:nth-child(1) > li:nth-child(2) > span:nth-child(1)::text')
        # voddetail_item_loader.add_xpath('vod_writer', '//h2/text()')
        voddetail_item_loader.add_css('vod_remarks', '.vodh > span:nth-child(2)::text')
        # voddetail_item_loader.add_xpath('vod_pubdate', '//h2/text()')
        voddetail_item_loader.add_css('vod_area', 'li.sm:nth-child(5) > span:nth-child(1)::text')
        voddetail_item_loader.add_css('vod_lang', 'li.sm:nth-child(6) > span:nth-child(1)::text')
        voddetail_item_loader.add_css('vod_year', 'li.sm:nth-child(7) > span:nth-child(1)::text')
        # voddetail_item_loader.add_xpath('vod_hits', '//h2/text()')
        # voddetail_item_loader.add_xpath('vod_hits_day', '//h2/text()')
        # voddetail_item_loader.add_xpath('vod_hits_week', '//h2/text()')
        # voddetail_item_loader.add_xpath('vod_hits_month', '//h2/text()')
        # voddetail_item_loader.add_xpath('vod_up', '//h2/text()')
        # voddetail_item_loader.add_xpath('vod_down', '//h2/text()')
        voddetail_item_loader.add_css('vod_score', '.vodh > label:nth-child(3)::text')
        voddetail_item_loader.add_css('vod_score_all', 'li.sm:nth-child(12) > span:nth-child(1)::text')
        voddetail_item_loader.add_css('vod_score_num', 'li.sm:nth-child(13) > span:nth-child(1)::text')
        voddetail_item_loader.add_css('vod_create_time', 'li.sm:nth-child(9) > span:nth-child(1)::text')
        voddetail_item_loader.add_css('vod_update_time', 'li.sm:nth-child(9) > span:nth-child(1)::text')
        # voddetail_item_loader.add_xpath('vod_lately_hit_time', '//h2/text()')
        okzyMoviesspiderItem = voddetail_item_loader.load_item()

        # 解析 m3u8 格局播放地址
        ckm3u8playurlList = response.xpath('//*[@id="2"]/ul/li/text()').extract()
        for ckm3u8playurlInfo in ckm3u8playurlList:
            m3u8playurlInfoList = ckm3u8playurlInfo.split('$')
            vodm3u8playurl_item_loader = MoviesItemLoader(item=OkzyMoviesspiderPlayurlItem(), response=response)
            vodm3u8playurl_item_loader.add_value('play_title', m3u8playurlInfoList[0])
            vodm3u8playurl_item_loader.add_value('play_url', m3u8playurlInfoList[1])
            vodm3u8playurl_item_loader.add_value('play_url_aes', common.get_md5(m3u8playurlInfoList[1]))
            vodm3u8playurl_item_loader.add_xpath('play_from', '//*[@id="2"]/h3/span/text()')
            vodm3u8playurl_item_loader.add_value("url_id", common.get_md5(response.url))
            vodm3u8playurl_item_loader.add_css('create_time', 'li.sm:nth-child(9) > span:nth-child(1)::text')
            vodm3u8playurl_item_loader.add_css('update_time', 'li.sm:nth-child(9) > span:nth-child(1)::text')
            okzyMoviesm3u8PlayurlspiderItem = vodm3u8playurl_item_loader.load_item()
            yield okzyMoviesm3u8PlayurlspiderItem
        # 解析 mp4 格局播放地址
        mp4playurlList = response.xpath('//*[@id="down_1"]/ul/li/text()').extract()
        for mp4playurlInfo in mp4playurlList:
            mp4playurlInfoList = mp4playurlInfo.split('$')
            vodmp4playurl_item_loader = MoviesItemLoader(item=OkzyMoviesspiderPlayurlItem(), response=response)
            vodmp4playurl_item_loader.add_value('play_title', mp4playurlInfoList[0])
            vodmp4playurl_item_loader.add_value('play_url', mp4playurlInfoList[1])
            vodmp4playurl_item_loader.add_value('play_url_aes', common.get_md5(mp4playurlInfoList[1]))
            vodmp4playurl_item_loader.add_xpath('play_from', '//*[@id="down_1"]/h3/span/text()')
            vodmp4playurl_item_loader.add_value("url_id", common.get_md5(response.url))
            vodmp4playurl_item_loader.add_css('create_time', 'li.sm:nth-child(9) > span:nth-child(1)::text')
            vodmp4playurl_item_loader.add_css('update_time', 'li.sm:nth-child(9) > span:nth-child(1)::text')
            okzyMoviesmp4PlayurlspiderItem = vodmp4playurl_item_loader.load_item()
            yield okzyMoviesmp4PlayurlspiderItem
        yield okzyMoviesspiderItem

本机测试爬取了 6W 多条影视详情和 78W 条影片播放地址，下载 6W 多张影视图片半天工夫足够了。

下节预报：将应用 yii 框架疾速搭建影片展现的 WEB 网站和编写合乎 restful 格调的 Api。

WEB 网站展现：

另：欢送各位大佬入裙交换：