关于u3d:U3D游戏开发框架三UI管理器

一：目标
在制作游戏过程中，UI 界面都是必不可少的，多则上百个少则几个，如果这些 UI 界面都放在场景里（如下图所示），那么运行的时候会占用大量的内存

个别都是将每一个 UI 界面制作成一个 Prefab 动静的进行显示暗藏，加载卸载
所以咱们须要一个管理器对立治理 UI 的相干操作

二：解决的问题及长处

——不须要创立 UI 画布和 UI 相机，动态创建并设置属性
——治理每一个 UI 界面的层级
——关上和敞开 UI 界面
——查找某一个 UI 界面

三：应用办法

——将所有 UI 制作成预制体对立放在 Resources—Prefabs—UI 文件夹下
——所有的 UI 预制体都须要与挂载在身上的脚本名雷同
——所有的 UI 预制体身上的脚本都须要继承 UIBase 基类
——应用 UIMgr.Ins.XXX

UIMgr.Ins.OpenUI<UI_Main>();
UIMgr.Ins.CloseUI<UI_Main>();
UIMgr.Ins.TopUI;

——依据不同我的项目需要设置 UI 画布的缩放：UIMgr.Ins.SetCanvasScaler()

四：代码实现

using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.UI;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine.EventSystems;
 
/// <summary>
/// UI 基类
/// </summary>
public class UIBase : MonoBehaviour
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 关上 UI 时
    /// </summary>
    public virtual void OnView()
    {transform.SetAsLastSibling();
        gameObject.SetActive(true);
    }
 
    /// <summary>
    /// 敞开 UI 时
    /// </summary>
    public virtual void OnDisView()
    {gameObject.SetActive(false);
    }
}
 
/// <summary>
/// UI 管理器
/// </summary>
public class UIMgr : Singleton<UIMgr>
{
    public const string UIDir = "Prefabs/UI/";//UI 目录
 
    // 渲染 UI 的画布
    private Canvas uiCanvas;
    public Canvas UICanvas {get { return uiCanvas;} }
 
    // 渲染 UI 的相机
    private Camera uiCamera;
    public Camera UICamera {get { return uiCamera;} }
 
    // 显示在最顶部的 UI
    private UIBase topUI;
    public UIBase TopUI {get { return topUI;} }
 
    private Dictionary<string, UIBase> uiDict = new Dictionary<string, UIBase>();// 场景中的 UI
 
    protected override void Init()
    {base.Init();
 
        if (uiCamera == null)
        {uiCamera = CreateUICamera();
        }
        if (uiCanvas == null)
        {uiCanvas = CreateUICanvas();
        }
 
        // 设置 Canvas 缩放
        SetCanvasScaler(new Vector2(750, 1334), false);
    }
 
    /// <summary>
    /// 关上 UI
    /// </summary>
    public T OpenUI<T>(string uiRoot = "")
        where T : UIBase
    {string uiName = typeof(T).Name;
        if (!uiDict.ContainsKey(uiName))
        {CreateUI(uiName, uiRoot);
        }
 
        UIBase ui = uiDict[uiName];
        ui.OnView();
        FindTopUI();
 
        return ui as T;
    }
 
    /// <summary>
    /// 敞开 UI
    /// </summary>
    public void CloseUI(string uiName, bool destroy = false)
    {if (!uiDict.ContainsKey(uiName))
        {Debug.LogError("场景中没有此 UI：" + uiName);
            return;
        }
 
        if (destroy)
        {GameObject.Destroy(uiDict[uiName].gameObject);
            uiDict.Remove(uiName);
        }
        else
        {uiDict[uiName].OnDisView();}
 
        FindTopUI();}
 
    /// <summary>
    /// 敞开 UI
    /// </summary>
    public void CloseUI<T>(bool destroy = false)
    {string uiName = typeof(T).Name;
        if (!uiDict.ContainsKey(uiName))
        {Debug.LogError("场景中没有此 UI：" + uiName);
            return;
        }
 
        if (destroy)
        {GameObject.Destroy(uiDict[uiName].gameObject);
            uiDict.Remove(uiName);
        }
        else
        {uiDict[uiName].OnDisView();}
 
        FindTopUI();}
 
    /// <summary>
    /// 查找 UI
    /// </summary>
    public T FindUI<T>()
        where T : UIBase
    {string uiName = typeof(T).Name;
        if (!uiDict.ContainsKey(uiName))
        {Debug.LogError("场景中没有此 UI：" + uiName);
            return default;
        }
        return uiDict[uiName] as T;
    }
 
    /// <summary>
    /// 查找最顶部的 UI
    /// </summary>
    private void FindTopUI()
    {for (int i = uiCanvas.transform.childCount - 1; i >= 0; i--)
        {if (uiCanvas.transform.GetChild(i).GetComponent<UIBase>() != null
                && uiCanvas.transform.GetChild(i).gameObject.activeSelf)
            {topUI = uiCanvas.transform.GetChild(i).GetComponent<UIBase>();
                break;
            }
        }
    }
 
    /// <summary>
    /// 设置 Canvas 缩放
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="referResolution"> 参考的分辨率 </param>
    /// <param name="isLandscape"> 是否为横屏 </param>
    public void SetCanvasScaler(Vector2 referResolution, bool isLandscape)
    {CanvasScaler canvasScaler = uiCanvas.GetComponent<CanvasScaler>();
        canvasScaler.uiScaleMode = CanvasScaler.ScaleMode.ScaleWithScreenSize;
        canvasScaler.matchWidthOrHeight = isLandscape ? 1 : 0;
        canvasScaler.referenceResolution = referResolution;
    }
 
    /// <summary>
    /// 创立 UI
    /// </summary>
    private void CreateUI(string uiName, string uiRoot)
    {
        string path = UIDir + uiName;
        GameObject uiPrefab = Resources.Load<GameObject>(path);
        if (uiPrefab == null)
        {Debug.LogError("UI 不存在：" + path);
            return;
        }
        UIBase uiBase = GameObject.Instantiate(uiPrefab, uiRoot == "" ? uiCanvas.transform : GameObject.Find(uiRoot).transform).GetComponent<UIBase>();
        uiBase.gameObject.name = uiName;
        uiDict.Add(uiName, uiBase);
    }
 
    /// <summary>
    /// 创立 UI 画布
    /// </summary>
    private Canvas CreateUICanvas()
    {GameObject uiCanvas = new GameObject("UICanvas");
        uiCanvas.layer = 5;
        Canvas canvas = uiCanvas.AddComponent<Canvas>();
        canvas.renderMode = RenderMode.ScreenSpaceCamera;
        canvas.worldCamera = uiCamera;
        uiCanvas.AddComponent<CanvasScaler>();
        uiCanvas.AddComponent<GraphicRaycaster>();
 
        GameObject eventSystem = new GameObject("EventSystem");
        eventSystem.AddComponent<EventSystem>();
        eventSystem.AddComponent<StandaloneInputModule>();
        eventSystem.transform.SetParent(uiCanvas.transform);
 
        GameObject.DontDestroyOnLoad(uiCanvas);
        return uiCanvas.GetComponent<Canvas>();}
 
    /// <summary>
    /// 创立 UI 相机
    /// </summary>
    private Camera CreateUICamera()
    {GameObject uiCamera = new GameObject("UICamera");
        Camera camera = uiCamera.AddComponent<Camera>();
        camera.clearFlags = CameraClearFlags.Depth;
        camera.cullingMask = 1 << 5;
        camera.orthographic = true;
        camera.depth = 0;
 
        GameObject.DontDestroyOnLoad(uiCamera);
        return camera;
    }
}

图片起源：游戏加盟