7-3 File Path (25 分)
The figure shows the tree view of directories in Windows File Explorer. When a file is selected, there is a file path shown in the above navigation bar. Now given a tree view of directories, your job is to print the file path for any selected file.
Input Specification:
Each input file contains one test case. For each case, the first line gives a positive integer N (≤10^3), which is the total number of directories and files. Then N lines follow, each gives the unique 4-digit ID of a file or a directory, starting from the unique root ID 0000. The format is that the files of depth d will have their IDs indented by d spaces. It is guaranteed that there is no conflict in this tree structure.
Then a positive integer K (≤100) is given, followed by K queries of IDs.
Output Specification:
For each queried ID, print in a line the corresponding path from the root to the file in the format: 0000->ID1->ID2->…->ID. If the ID is not in the tree, print Error: ID is not found. instead.
Sample Input:
14
0000
1234
2234
3234
4234
4235
2333
5234
6234
7234
9999
0001
8234
0002
4 9999 8234 0002 6666
Sample Output:
0000->1234->2234->6234->7234->9999
0000->1234->0001->8234
0000->0002
Error: 6666 is not found.
题目限度
题目粗心
给定 N 个数字, 每一个数字代表了文件或者文件夹, 并且采纳缩进的形式示意每一个文件或者文件夹之间的绝对深度, 缩进 d 格代表在 d 层。而后给定 K 个查问,要求输入从根节点到查问节点的门路,如果查问节点不存在输入 Error: ID is not found.
算法思路
此题能够分为两步来进行,第一步建树,第二步深度优先搜寻。难点就是建树,因为咱们须要输入从根节点到查问节点的门路,并且字符串的长度就代表了节点的深度,那么咱们间接应用一个二维数组,第一维代表了层数,第二维代表了在以后层数的所有节点,同时应用 pre 数组记录每一个节点的前驱节点。
- 建树过程:咱们应用字符串的长度 size 来代表节点的层数,那么每一次增加一个节点 d,就记录以后节点的前驱节点,如果是第一个节点阐明是根节点 root,前驱为 -1,否则前驱就是上一层中的最初一个节点 levelsize – 1.size() – 1];
建树结束后,对于每一个非法查问间接调用 DFS 进行深度搜寻,从指定节点向前搜寻,来到 root 后开始输入即可。
提交后果
AC 代码
#include<cstdio>
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<unordered_map>
#include<algorithm>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;
int pre[10004];// 记录每一个节点的前驱节点
unordered_map<int, bool> isExist;// 标记节点是否存在
vector<int> level[1005];// 每一档次的结点,依照程序
int root;// 根节点
void DFS(int end) {if (root == end) {printf("%04d", end);
return;
}
DFS(pre[end]);
printf("->%04d", end);
}
int main() {
int N;
scanf("%d", &N);
string current;
// 排汇回车
getchar();
for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {getline(cin, current);
int d = stoi(current);
// 标记以后节点非法
isExist[d] = true;
// 应用字符串的长度代表层数,越小的层数越低
int size = current.size();
// 为以后层节点增加 d
level[size].push_back(d);
// 记录每一个节点的前缀和根节点 root
if (i == 0) {pre[d] = -1;
root = d;
} else {
// 每一个节点的前缀就是上一层节点的最初一个节点
pre[d] = level[size - 1][level[size - 1].size() - 1];
}
}
int K;
scanf("%d", &K);
for (int i = 0; i < K; ++i) {
int a;
scanf("%d", &a);
if (!isExist[a]) {printf("Error: %04d is not found.\n", a);
} else {DFS(a);
printf("\n");
}
}
return 0;
}