关于数据库:ShardingSphere-4x-ShardingJDBC-用户手册之读写分离使用手册

不应用 Spring

引入 Maven 依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.shardingsphere</groupId>
    <artifactId>sharding-jdbc-core</artifactId>
    <version>${sharding-sphere.version}</version>
</dependency>

基于 Java 编码的规定配置

    // 配置实在数据源
    Map<String, DataSource> dataSourceMap = new HashMap<>();
    
    // 配置主库
    BasicDataSource masterDataSource = new BasicDataSource();
    masterDataSource.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
    masterDataSource.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ds_master");
    masterDataSource.setUsername("root");
    masterDataSource.setPassword("");
    dataSourceMap.put("ds_master", masterDataSource);
    
    // 配置第一个从库
    BasicDataSource slaveDataSource1 = new BasicDataSource();
    slaveDataSource1.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
    slaveDataSource1.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ds_slave0");
    slaveDataSource1.setUsername("root");
    slaveDataSource1.setPassword("");
    dataSourceMap.put("ds_slave0", slaveDataSource1);
    
    // 配置第二个从库
    BasicDataSource slaveDataSource2 = new BasicDataSource();
    slaveDataSource2.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
    slaveDataSource2.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ds_slave1");
    slaveDataSource2.setUsername("root");
    slaveDataSource2.setPassword("");
    dataSourceMap.put("ds_slave1", slaveDataSource2);
    
    // 配置读写拆散规定
    MasterSlaveRuleConfiguration masterSlaveRuleConfig = new MasterSlaveRuleConfiguration("ds_master_slave", "ds_master", Arrays.asList("ds_slave0", "ds_slave1"));
    
    // 获取数据源对象
    DataSource dataSource = MasterSlaveDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(dataSourceMap, masterSlaveRuleConfig, new Properties());

基于 Yaml 的规定配置

或通过 Yaml 形式配置，与以上配置等价：

dataSources:
  ds_master: !!org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource
    driverClassName: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ds_master
    username: root
    password: 
  ds_slave0: !!org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource
    driverClassName: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ds_slave0
    username: root
    password:
  ds_slave1: !!org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource
    driverClassName: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ds_slave1
    username: root
    password: 

masterSlaveRule:
  name: ds_ms
  masterDataSourceName: ds_master
  slaveDataSourceNames: [ds_slave0, ds_slave1]
  
props:
  sql.show: true

    DataSource dataSource = YamlMasterSlaveDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(yamlFile);

应用原生 JDBC

通过 YamlMasterSlaveDataSourceFactory 工厂和规定配置对象获取 MasterSlaveDataSource，MasterSlaveDataSource 实现自 JDBC 的标准接口 DataSource。而后可通过 DataSource 抉择应用原生 JDBC 开发，或者应用 JPA, MyBatis 等 ORM 工具。
以 JDBC 原生实现为例：

DataSource dataSource = YamlMasterSlaveDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(yamlFile);
String sql = "SELECT i.* FROM t_order o JOIN t_order_item i ON o.order_id=i.order_id WHERE o.user_id=? AND o.order_id=?";
try (Connection conn = dataSource.getConnection();
        PreparedStatement preparedStatement = conn.prepareStatement(sql)) {preparedStatement.setInt(1, 10);
    preparedStatement.setInt(2, 1001);
    try (ResultSet rs = preparedStatement.executeQuery()) {while(rs.next()) {System.out.println(rs.getInt(1));
            System.out.println(rs.getInt(2));
        }
    }
}

应用 Spring

引入 Maven 依赖

<!-- for spring boot -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.shardingsphere</groupId>
    <artifactId>sharding-jdbc-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    <version>${sharding-sphere.version}</version>
</dependency>

<!-- for spring namespace -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.shardingsphere</groupId>
    <artifactId>sharding-jdbc-spring-namespace</artifactId>
    <version>${sharding-sphere.version}</version>
</dependency>

基于 Spring boot 的规定配置

spring.shardingsphere.datasource.names=master,slave0,slave1

spring.shardingsphere.datasource.master.type=org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.master.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.master.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/master
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.master.username=root
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.master.password=

spring.shardingsphere.datasource.slave0.type=org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.slave0.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.slave0.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/slave0
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.slave0.username=root
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.slave0.password=

spring.shardingsphere.datasource.slave1.type=org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.slave1.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.slave1.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/slave1
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.slave1.username=root
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.slave1.password=

spring.shardingsphere.masterslave.name=ms
spring.shardingsphere.masterslave.master-data-source-name=master
spring.shardingsphere.masterslave.slave-data-source-names=slave0,slave1

spring.shardingsphere.props.sql.show=true

基于 Spring boot + JNDI 的规定配置

如果您打算应用 Spring boot + JNDI 的形式，在利用容器（如 Tomcat）中应用 Sharding-JDBC 时，可应用 spring.shardingsphere.datasource.${datasourceName}.jndiName 来代替数据源的一系列配置。
如：

spring.shardingsphere.datasource.names=master,slave0,slave1

spring.shardingsphere.datasource.master.jndi-name=java:comp/env/jdbc/master
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.slave0.jndi-name=jdbc/slave0
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.slave1.jndi-name=jdbc/slave1

spring.shardingsphere.masterslave.name=ms
spring.shardingsphere.masterslave.master-data-source-name=master
spring.shardingsphere.masterslave.slave-data-source-names=slave0,slave1

spring.shardingsphere.props.sql.show=true

基于 Spring 命名空间的规定配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
    xmlns:master-slave="http://shardingsphere.apache.org/schema/shardingsphere/masterslave" 
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                        http://shardingsphere.apache.org/schema/shardingsphere/masterslave 
                        http://shardingsphere.apache.org/schema/shardingsphere/masterslave/master-slave.xsd 
                        ">
    <bean id="ds_master" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ds_master" />
        <property name="username" value="root" />
        <property name="password" value="" />
    </bean>
    <bean id="ds_slave0" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ds_slave0" />
        <property name="username" value="root" />
        <property name="password" value="" />
    </bean>
    <bean id="ds_slave1" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ds_slave1" />
        <property name="username" value="root" />
        <property name="password" value="" />
    </bean>
    
    <master-slave:data-source id="masterSlaveDataSource" master-data-source-name="ds_master" slave-data-source-names="ds_slave0, ds_slave1" >
        <master-slave:props>
                <prop key="sql.show">true</prop>
                <prop key="executor.size">10</prop>
                <prop key="foo">bar</prop>
            </master-slave:props>
    </master-slave:data-source>
</beans>

在 Spring 中应用 DataSource

间接通过注入的形式即可应用 DataSource，或者将 DataSource 配置在 JPA、Hibernate 或 MyBatis 中应用。

@Resource
private DataSource dataSource;

更多的具体配置请参考配置手册。