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什么是 deployment
deployment 是对 pods 和 ReplicaSet 的定义，定义了 pods 和 ReplicaSet 的定义和实现形式等。
如下为 deployment 的定义
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apiVersion: apps`/v1`
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: nginx-deployment
labels:
app: nginx
spec:
replicas: 3
selector:
matchLabels:
app: nginx
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: nginx
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx
image: nginx:1.12.2
ports:
- containerPort: 80
metadata 指明了服务名为 nginx-deployment, 标签为 nginx,
spec 指定了 pod 的正本为 3 个，每个 pod 容器镜像为 ngix:1.12.2, 容器端暴漏的端口为 80
接下来咱们启动 deployment
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kubectl create -f deployment_nginx.yml
会显示：”nginx-deployment deployment has been created”
咱们执行
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kubectl get deployment
查看 deployment 状态
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NAME DESIRED CURRENT UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
nginx-deployment 3 3 3 3 9s
能够看到 deployment 启动了三个 pod，并且三个 pod 都是可用的。
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kubectl get rs
能够看到 ReplicaSet 的状态为启动了 3 个 pod，都是就绪状态
接下来能够查看下 pod
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kubectl get pods
显示 deployment 详细信息
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kubectl get deployment -o wide
咱们也能够更新 deployment 的 image
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kubectl set image deployment nginx-deployment nginx=nginx:1.1.13
咱们能够回滚 deployment 版本
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kubectl rollout undo deployment nginx-deployment
查看 deployment 的历史信息
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kubectl rollout history deployment nginx-deployment
将 deployment 服务裸露进来
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kubectl expose deployment nginx-deployment --`type`=NodePort
终端会提醒服务曾经裸露进来
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service nginx-deployment exposed
咱们接下来查看下 service 信息
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kubectl get svc
会显示服务映射的端口和地址
装置 kubeadm
基于 ubuntu 配置 k8s 环境
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hostnamectl set`-`hostname k8s-master
设置好后能够查看下咱们的配置
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tail /etc/hosts
查看防火墙状态
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sudo apt-get install ufw
敞开长期分区
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swapoff -a
更新 https
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apt-get update && apt-get install -y apt-transport-https
获取 gpg
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curl -fsSL https:`//mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/doc/apt-key`.gpg | apt-key add -
新增源
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add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/ kubernetes-xenial main"
更新 apt
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apt-get update
查看 1.15 最新版本
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apt-cache madison kubelet kubectl kubeadm |`grep ‘1.15.4-00’ //` 查看 1.15 的最新版本
装置指定版本的工具
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apt install -y kubelet=1.15.4-00 kubectl=1.15.4-00 kubeadm=1.15.4-00 //` 装置指定的版本 `
kubelet 禁用 swap
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tee /etc/default/kubelet <<-`’EOF’`
KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS=`”–fail-swap-on=false”`
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart kubelet
初始化 k8s
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kubeadm init
--kubernetes-version=v1.15.4
--image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com`/google_containers `
--pod-network-cidr=10.24.0.0`/16 `
--ignore-preflight-errors=Swap
在以后账户下执行，kubectl 配置调用
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mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin`.conf $HOME/.kube`/config
chown $(`id -u):$(id` `-g) $HOME/.kube/config`
应用 fannel 的 overlay 网络实现多节点 pod 通信
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kubectl apply -f https:`//raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel`.yml
查看 pods 信息
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kubectl get pods -A
配置 dashboard
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kubectl apply -f https:`//raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.0.0-beta4/aio/deploy/recommended`.yaml
配置后查看 pod 信息
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get pods -A
查看 namespaces 信息
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kubectl get namespaces
能够查看所有的 namespaces 信息
设置好网络模式后，接下来查看下 apiserver 裸露的地址
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kubectl cluster-info
显示如下
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Kubernetes master is running at https:`//172`.17.0.9:6443
Heapster is running at https:`//172.17.0.9:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/heapster/proxy`
KubeDNS is running at https:`//172.17.0.9:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/kube-dns:dns/proxy`
monitoring-grafana is running at https:`//172.17.0.9:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/monitoring-grafana/proxy`
monitoring-influxdb is running at https:`//172.17.0.9:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/monitoring-influxdb/proxy`
如果外网拜访，换成外网地址就行了。
我本人 dashboard 的拜访地址:
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https:`//81.68.86.146:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kubernetes-dashboard/services/https:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/`
因为拜访 dashboard 须要权限
1. 创立服务账号
首先创立一个叫 admin-user 的服务账号，并放在 kube-system 名称空间下：
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# admin-user.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: admin-user
namespace: kube-system
执行 kubectl create 命令：
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kubectl create -f admin-user.yaml
2. 绑定角色
默认状况下，kubeadm 创立集群时曾经创立了 admin 角色，咱们间接绑定即可：
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# admin-user-role-binding.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io`/v1beta1`
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: admin-user
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: admin-user
namespace: kube-system
执行 kubectl create 命令：
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kubectl create -f admin-user-role-binding.yaml
3. 获取 Token
当初咱们须要找到新创建的用户的 Token，以便用来登录 dashboard：
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kubectl -n kube-system describe secret $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | grep admin-user | awk '{print $
1}')
4 制作证书
k8s 默认启动了证书验证，咱们创立证书
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# 生成 client-certificate-data
grep 'client-certificate-data' ~/.kube`/config | head -n 1 | awk ‘{print $2}’ | base64 -d >> kubecfg.crt`
# 生成 client-key-data
grep 'client-key-data' ~/.kube`/config | head -n 1 | awk ‘{print $2}’ | base64 -d >> kubecfg.key`
# 生成 p12
openssl pkcs12 -`export -clcerts -inkey kubecfg.key –`in kubecfg.crt -out kubecfg.p12 -name "kubernetes-client"
而后咱们将 kubecfg.p12 copy 到 windows 双击装置证书即可。
而后 chrome 关上地址：
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https:`//81.68.86.146:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kubernetes-dashboard/services/https:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/`
单节点 k8s, 默认 pod 不被调度在 master 节点, 须要设置去污点
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kubectl taint nodes --all node-role.kubernetes.io`/master- //` 去污点，master 节点能够被调度
输入如下
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node`/k8s-master untainted`
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