关于数据库:从零开始学习MySQL调试跟踪2

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作者：Yejinrong/ 叶金荣
文章起源：GreatSQL 社区投稿

启用 coredump
制作一个 coredump 场景
实在故障场景剖析跟踪

上一篇文档介绍了如何构建 gdb 跟踪调试环境，本文介绍如何依据谬误日志信息，跟踪定位问题可能的起因，以及如何利用 coredump 文件查找问题线索。

程序运行过程中可能会异样终止或解体，OS 会把程序挂掉时的内存状态记录下来，写入 core 文件，这就叫 coredump，通过 gdb 联合 core 文件能够不便地进行调试。

利用 core 文件中保留的异样堆栈文件，可能帮忙研发同学更快定位问题。因而，如果某些故障断断续续会呈现，倡议阶段性开启 coredump 性能。

想要开启 coredump，须要先批改 OS 层的几个设置：

$ ulimit -c unlimited
$ sysctl -w fs.suid_dumpable=2
$ echo "core.%p.%e.%s" > /proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern

同时，将这些批改长久化到相应文件中（假设 MySQL/GreatSQL 服务过程的属主用户是 mysql）：

$ echo "mysql  -  core   unlimited" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
$ echo "fs.suid_dumpable=2" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
$ echo "kernel.core_pattern=core.%e.%p.%t" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
$ sysctl -p

接下来，批改 my.cnf 配置文件，减少以下两行内容：

core_file
innodb_buffer_pool_in_core_file=OFF

而后重启 GreatSQL 服务过程，即可失效，查问确认下：

mysql> show global variables like '%core%';
+---------------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name                   | Value |
+---------------------------------+-------+
| core_file                       | ON    |
| innodb_buffer_pool_in_core_file | OFF   |
+---------------------------------+-------+

这样设置实现后，需要的话会在 datadir 目录下生成 core 文件。

咱们能够给 mysqld 过程发送 SIGSEGV(11) 信号，即可模拟出 coredump 的场景，例如：

$ kill -s SIGSEGV `pidof mysqld`

这时查看 GreatSQL 谬误日志文件，以及 core 文件，就会发现有 coredump：

$ls -la 
...
-rw-------   1 mysql mysql 1081147392 Feb 20 22:36 core.mysqld-debug.2658134.1676903816
...

$ less error.log
...
14:36:56 UTC - mysqld got signal 11 ;
Most likely, you have hit a bug, but this error can also be caused by malfunctioning hardware.

Build ID: 1f4232b893100742b7c519df2fa714648c2d76d9
Server Version: 8.0.25-16-debug Source distribution

Thread pointer: 0x0
Attempting backtrace. You can use the following information to find out
where mysqld died. If you see no messages after this, something went
terribly wrong...
stack_bottom = 0 thread_stack 0x80000
/usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.25-16-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld-debug(my_print_stacktrace(unsigned char const*, unsigned long)+0x43) [0x4b04
d26]
/usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.25-16-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld-debug(handle_fatal_signal+0x2cb) [0x39a7d22]
/lib64/libpthread.so.0(+0x12c20) [0x7fc3e669ac20]
/lib64/libc.so.6(__poll+0x51) [0x7fc3e45c4a41]
/usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.25-16-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld-debug(Mysqld_socket_listener::listen_for_connection_event()+0x57) [0x3995195]
/usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.25-16-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld-debug(Connection_acceptor<Mysqld_socket_listener>::connection_event_loop()+0
x30) [0x355a024]
/usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.25-16-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld-debug(mysqld_main(int, char**)+0x27d2) [0x354e4a6]
/usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.25-16-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld-debug(main+0x20) [0x32de906]
/lib64/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xf3) [0x7fc3e44f6493]
/usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.25-16-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld-debug(_start+0x2e) [0x32de82e]
Please help us make Percona Server better by reporting any
bugs at https://bugs.percona.com/
...

在一线的同学，如果须要向研发寻求反对或报告故障时，能够先参考这篇文章 MySQL 报障之 coredump 收集解决流程，须要采集其余几个信息：

故障时刻的 error log。
故障产生的 core 文件。
如果有 general log 的话，也采集起来（故障时刻往前约 1 小时或 10 万行日志）。
导致 core 产生波及到的表 DDL 以及相应的 SQL 语句，有必要的话，可能还要同时提供实在数据（或样例数据）。

在 GreatSQL 8.0.25-15 版本（上一个版本）中，InnoDB 并行查问性能在特定场景下存在 bug，会导致 crash，相应的日志见下：

mysqld-debug: /opt/greatsql-8.0.25/sql/item.cc:6047: virtual void Item_field::make_field(Send_field*): Assertion `item_name.is_set()' failed.
01:59:20 UTC - mysqld got signal 6 ;
Most likely, you have hit a bug, but this error can also be caused by malfunctioning hardware.

Build ID: 1f4232b893100742b7c519df2fa714648c2d76d9
Server Version: 8.0.25-debug Source distribution

Thread pointer: 0x7fb4a9a0b000
Attempting backtrace. You can use the following information to find out
where mysqld died. If you see no messages after this, something went
terribly wrong...
stack_bottom = 7fb4f7aa53b0 thread_stack 0x80000
/usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.25-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld-debug(my_print_stacktrace(unsigned char const*, unsigned long)+0x43) [0x4b04d26]
/usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.25-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld-debug(handle_fatal_signal+0x2cb) [0x39a7d22]
/lib64/libpthread.so.0(+0x12c20) [0x7fb5146cac20]
/lib64/libc.so.6(gsignal+0x10f) [0x7fb51253a37f]
/lib64/libc.so.6(abort+0x127) [0x7fb512524db5]
/lib64/libc.so.6(+0x21c89) [0x7fb512524c89]
/lib64/libc.so.6(+0x2fa76) [0x7fb512532a76]  #<-- 从这里网上，都是谬误信息处理逻辑
/usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.25-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld-debug(Item_field::make_field(Send_field*)+0x9e) [0x3338758]  #<-- 从这里往下，才是真正触发故障的地位，并记住 "0x3338758" 这个指针
/usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.25-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld-debug(THD::send_result_metadata(mem_root_deque<Item*> const&, unsigned int)+0x19d) [0x36977ab]
/usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.25-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld-debug(Query_result_send::send_result_set_metadata(THD*, mem_root_deque<Item*> const&, unsigned int)+0x2d) [0x35f3ff9]
/usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.25-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld-debug(Query_expression::ExecuteIteratorQuery(THD*)+0x1f1) [0x38d057b]
/usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.25-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld-debug(Query_expression::execute(THD*)+0xed) [0x38d0d7d]
/usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.25-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld-debug(Sql_cmd_dml::execute_inner(THD*)+0x1c1) [0x381db25]
/usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.25-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld-debug(Sql_cmd_dml::execute(THD*)+0x5c7) [0x381cfab]
/usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.25-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld-debug(mysql_execute_command(THD*, bool)+0x565c) [0x37a1a2b]
/usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.25-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld-debug(dispatch_sql_command(THD*, Parser_state*, bool)+0x769) [0x37a3a1d]
/usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.25-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld-debug(dispatch_command(THD*, COM_DATA const*, enum_server_command)+0x1491) [0x3799819]
/usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.25-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld-debug(do_command(THD*)+0x51c) [0x3797c48]
/usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.25-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld-debug() [0x3991168]
/usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.25-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld-debug() [0x52e4b22]
/lib64/libpthread.so.0(+0x817a) [0x7fb5146c017a]
/lib64/libc.so.6(clone+0x43) [0x7fb5125ffdc3]

Trying to get some variables.
Some pointers may be invalid and cause the dump to abort.
Query (7fb4a9a65028): SELECT  ...  FROM t1 WHERE ...  #<-- 这是触发 bug 的 SQL 语句
Connection ID (thread ID): 8
Status: NOT_KILLED

依照下面所说的办法，咱们采集了所有相干信息，并能在测试环境重现上述故障。

接下来，咱们利用 gdb 来定位剖析问题起因：

$ gdb path/bin/mysqld-debug path/core.mysqld-debug.2657287.1657270311
GNU gdb (GDB) Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.2-4.el8
...
Type "apropos word" to search for commands related to "word"...
Reading symbols from ./bin/mysqld-debug...
...
[New LWP 2675795]
[New LWP 2675825]
[Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled]
Using host libthread_db library "/lib64/libthread_db.so.1".
--Type <RET> for more, q to quit, c to continue without paging--
Core was generated by `./bin/mysqld-debug --defaults-extra-file=./my.cnf'.
Program terminated with signal SIGABRT, Aborted.
#0  __pthread_kill (threadid=<optimized out>, signo=6) at ../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/pthread_kill.c:56
56        return (INTERNAL_SYSCALL_ERROR_P (val, err)
[Current thread is 1 (Thread 0x7fb4f7aa7700 (LWP 2676055))]
(gdb)
(gdb) b *0x3338758  #<-- 下面记下的指针值，后面加个 "*" 号，在这里打上断点
Breakpoint 1 at 0x3338758: file /opt/greatsql-8.0.25/sql/item.cc, line 6048.  #<-- 指向可能触发问题的源码地位
(gdb)
(gdb) bt  #<-- 打印具体 backtrace 信息
#0  __pthread_kill (threadid=<optimized out>, signo=6) at ../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/pthread_kill.c:56
#1  0x0000000004b04f1d in my_write_core (sig=6) at /opt/greatsql-8.0.25/mysys/stacktrace.cc:409
#2  0x00000000039a7f84 in handle_fatal_signal (sig=6) at /opt/greatsql-8.0.25/sql/signal_handler.cc:199
#3  <signal handler called>
#4  __GI_raise (sig=sig@entry=6) at ../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/raise.c:50
#5  0x00007fb512524db5 in __GI_abort () at abort.c:79
#6  0x00007fb512524c89 in __assert_fail_base (fmt=0x7fb51268d698 "%s%s%s:%u: %s%sAssertion `%s' failed.\n%n", assertion=0x57a1835"item_name.is_set()",
    file=0x57a1400 "/opt/greatsql-8.0.25/sql/item.cc", line=6047, function=<optimized out>) at assert.c:92
#7  0x00007fb512532a76 in __GI___assert_fail (assertion=0x57a1835 "item_name.is_set()", file=0x57a1400 "/opt/greatsql-8.0.25/sql/item.cc", line=6047,
    function=0x57a3a40 "virtual void Item_field::make_field(Send_field*)") at assert.c:101
#8  0x0000000003338758 in Item_field::make_field (this=0x7fb4a9b5bcf8, tmp_field=0x7fb4f7aa2380) at /opt/greatsql-8.0.25/sql/item.cc:6047
#9  0x00000000036977ab in THD::send_result_metadata (this=0x7fb4a9a0b000, list=..., flags=5) at /opt/greatsql-8.0.25/sql/sql_class.cc:2824
#10 0x00000000035f3ff9 in Query_result_send::send_result_set_metadata (this=0x7fb4a9a0fda0, thd=0x7fb4a9a0b000, list=..., flags=5)
    at /opt/greatsql-8.0.25/sql/query_result.cc:76
#11 0x00000000038d057b in Query_expression::ExecuteIteratorQuery (this=0x7fb4a9a65178, thd=0x7fb4a9a0b000) at /opt/greatsql-8.0.25/sql/sql_union.cc:1150
#12 0x00000000038d0d7d in Query_expression::execute (this=0x7fb4a9a65178, thd=0x7fb4a9a0b000) at /opt/greatsql-8.0.25/sql/sql_union.cc:1321
#13 0x000000000381db25 in Sql_cmd_dml::execute_inner (this=0x7fb4a9a0fd68, thd=0x7fb4a9a0b000) at /opt/greatsql-8.0.25/sql/sql_select.cc:814
#14 0x000000000381cfab in Sql_cmd_dml::execute (this=0x7fb4a9a0fd68, thd=0x7fb4a9a0b000) at /opt/greatsql-8.0.25/sql/sql_select.cc:585
#15 0x00000000037a1a2b in mysql_execute_command (thd=0x7fb4a9a0b000, first_level=true) at /opt/greatsql-8.0.25/sql/sql_parse.cc:4684
#16 0x00000000037a3a1d in dispatch_sql_command (thd=0x7fb4a9a0b000, parser_state=0x7fb4f7aa41d0, update_userstat=false)
    at /opt/greatsql-8.0.25/sql/sql_parse.cc:5284
#17 0x0000000003799819 in dispatch_command (thd=0x7fb4a9a0b000, com_data=0x7fb4f7aa5370, command=COM_QUERY) at /opt/greatsql-8.0.25/sql/sql_parse.cc:1940
#18 0x0000000003797c48 in do_command (thd=0x7fb4a9a0b000) at /opt/greatsql-8.0.25/sql/sql_parse.cc:1388
#19 0x0000000003991168 in handle_connection (arg=0x7fb4ba094500) at /opt/greatsql-8.0.25/sql/conn_handler/connection_handler_per_thread.cc:307
#20 0x00000000052e4b22 in pfs_spawn_thread (arg=0x7fb511e44320) at /opt/greatsql-8.0.25/storage/perfschema/pfs.cc:2899
#21 0x00007fb5146c017a in start_thread (arg=<optimized out>) at pthread_create.c:479
#22 0x00007fb5125ffdc3 in clone () at ../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/x86_64/clone.S:95

有了这些信息，研发同学再去跟踪定位问题本源就会不便很多。

本文简略演示了如何利用 core 文件去跟踪定位剖析可能导致 crash 的起因，更多乏味实用的办法还有待进一步开掘，一起摸索新世界吧。

Enjoy GreatSQL :)

## 对于 GreatSQL

GreatSQL 是由万里数据库保护的 MySQL 分支，专一于晋升 MGR 可靠性及性能，反对 InnoDB 并行查问个性，是实用于金融级利用的 MySQL 分支版本。

相干链接：GreatSQL 社区 Gitee GitHub Bilibili

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关于数据库:从零开始学习MySQL调试跟踪2

1. 启用 coredump

2. 制作一个 coredump 场景

3. 实在故障场景剖析跟踪

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