作者:京东物流 张晓旭
1. 背景
在我的项目中有些敏感信息不能间接展现,比方客户手机号、身份证、车牌号等信息,展现时均须要进行数据脱敏,避免泄露客户隐衷。脱敏即是对数据的局部信息用脱敏符号(*)解决。
2. 指标
- 在服务端返回数据时,利用 Jackson 序列化实现数据脱敏,达到对敏感信息脱敏展现。
- 升高反复开发量,晋升开发效率
- 造成对立无效的脱敏规定
- 可基于重写默认脱敏实现的 desensitize 办法,实现可扩大、可自定义的个性化业务场景的脱敏需要
3. 次要实现
3.1 基于 Jackson 的自定义脱敏序列化实现
StdSerializer:所有规范序列化程序所应用的基类,这个是编写自定义序列化程序所举荐应用的基类。
ContextualSerializer: 是 Jackson 提供的另一个序列化相干的接口,它的作用是通过字段已知的上下文信息定制 JsonSerializer。
package com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.serializer;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonGenerator;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.BeanProperty;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonSerializer;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializerProvider;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ser.ContextualSerializer;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ser.std.StdSerializer;
import com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.Symbol;
import com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.annotation.Desensitize;
import com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.desensitization.Desensitization;
import com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.desensitization.DesensitizationFactory;
import com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.desensitization.DefaultDesensitization;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* 脱敏序列化器
*
* @author zhangxiaoxu15
* @date 2022/2/8 11:10
*/
public class ObjectDesensitizeSerializer extends StdSerializer<Object> implements ContextualSerializer {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -7868746622368564541L;
private transient Desensitization<Object> desensitization;
protected ObjectDesensitizeSerializer() {super(Object.class);
}
public Desensitization<Object> getDesensitization() {return desensitization;}
public void setDesensitization(Desensitization<Object> desensitization) {this.desensitization = desensitization;}
@Override
public JsonSerializer<Object> createContextual(SerializerProvider prov, BeanProperty property) {
// 获取属性注解
Desensitize annotation = property.getAnnotation(Desensitize.class);
return createContextual(annotation.desensitization());
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public JsonSerializer<Object> createContextual(Class<? extends Desensitization<?>> clazz) {ObjectDesensitizeSerializer serializer = new ObjectDesensitizeSerializer();
if (clazz != DefaultDesensitization.class) {serializer.setDesensitization((Desensitization<Object>) DesensitizationFactory.getDesensitization(clazz));
}
return serializer;
}
@Override
public void serialize(Object value, JsonGenerator gen, SerializerProvider provider) throws IOException {Desensitization<Object> objectDesensitization = getDesensitization();
if (objectDesensitization != null) {
try {gen.writeObject(objectDesensitization.desensitize(value));
} catch (Exception e) {gen.writeObject(value);
}
} else if (value instanceof String) {gen.writeString(Symbol.getSymbol(((String) value).length(), Symbol.STAR));
} else {gen.writeObject(value);
}
注:createContextual 能够取得字段的类型以及注解。当字段领有自定义注解时,取出注解中的值创立定制的序列化形式,这样在 serialize 办法中便能够失去这个值了。createContextual 办法只会在第一次序列化字段时调用(因为字段的上下文信息在运行期不会扭转),所以无需关怀性能问题。
3.2 定义脱敏接口、以及工厂实现
3.2.1 脱敏器接口定义
package com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.desensitization;
/**
* 脱敏器
*
* @author zhangxiaoxu15
* @date 2022/2/8 10:56
*/
public interface Desensitization<T> {
/**
* 脱敏实现
*
* @param target 脱敏对象
* @return 脱敏返回后果
*/
T desensitize(T target);
}
3.2.2 脱敏器工厂实现
package com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.desensitization;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* 工厂办法
*
* @author zhangxiaoxu15
* @date 2022/2/8 10:58
*/
public class DesensitizationFactory {private DesensitizationFactory() { }
private static final Map<Class<?>, Desensitization<?>> map = new HashMap<>();
@SuppressWarnings("all")
public static Desensitization<?> getDesensitization(Class<?> clazz) {if (clazz.isInterface()) {throw new UnsupportedOperationException("desensitization is interface, what is expected is an implementation class !");
}
return map.computeIfAbsent(clazz, key -> {
try {return (Desensitization<?>) clazz.newInstance();} catch (InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException e) {throw new UnsupportedOperationException(e.getMessage(), e);
}
});
3.3 罕用的脱敏器实现
3.3.1 默认脱敏实现
可基于默认实现,扩大实现个性化场景
package com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.desensitization;
/**
* 默认脱敏实现
*
* @author zhangxiaoxu15
* @date 2022/2/8 11:01
*/
public interface DefaultDesensitization extends Desensitization<String> {}
3.3.2 手机号脱敏器
实现对手机号两头 4 位号码脱敏
package com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.desensitization;
import com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.Symbol;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
/**
* 手机号脱敏器,保留前 3 位和后 4 位
*
* @author zhangxiaoxu15
* @date 2022/2/8 11:02
*/
public class MobileNoDesensitization implements DefaultDesensitization {
/**
* 手机号正则
*/
private static final Pattern DEFAULT_PATTERN = Pattern.compile("(13[0-9]|14[579]|15[0-3,5-9]|16[6]|17[0135678]|18[0-9]|19[89])\\d{8}");
@Override
public String desensitize(String target) {Matcher matcher = DEFAULT_PATTERN.matcher(target);
while (matcher.find()) {String group = matcher.group();
target = target.replace(group, group.substring(0, 3) + Symbol.getSymbol(4, Symbol.STAR) + group.substring(7, 11));
}
return target;
3.4 注解定义
通过 @JacksonAnnotationsInside 实现自定义注解,进步易用性
package com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.annotation;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JacksonAnnotationsInside;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.annotation.JsonSerialize;
import com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.desensitization.Desensitization;
import com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.serializer.ObjectDesensitizeSerializer;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
/**
* 脱敏注解
*
* @author zhangxiaoxu15
* @date 2022/2/8 11:09
*/
@Target({ElementType.FIELD, ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@JacksonAnnotationsInside
@JsonSerialize(using = ObjectDesensitizeSerializer.class)
@Documented
public @interface Desensitize {
/**
* 对象脱敏器实现
*/
@SuppressWarnings("all")
Class<? extends Desensitization<?>> desensitization();
3.4.1 默认脱敏注解
package com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.annotation;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JacksonAnnotationsInside;
import com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.desensitization.DefaultDesensitization;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
/**
* 默认脱敏注解
*
* @author zhangxiaoxu15
* @date 2022/2/8 11:14
*/
@Target({ElementType.FIELD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@JacksonAnnotationsInside
@Desensitize(desensitization = DefaultDesensitization.class)
@Documented
public @interface DefaultDesensitize {
3.4.2 手机号脱敏注解
package com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.annotation;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JacksonAnnotationsInside;
import com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.desensitization.MobileNoDesensitization;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
/**
* 手机号脱敏
*
* @author zhangxiaoxu15
* @date 2022/2/8 11:18
*/
@Target({ElementType.FIELD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@JacksonAnnotationsInside
@Desensitize(desensitization = MobileNoDesensitization.class)
@Documented
public @interface MobileNoDesensitize {}
3.5 定义脱敏符号
反对指定脱敏符号,例如 * 或是 ^_^
package com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import java.util.stream.IntStream;
/**
* 脱敏符号
*
* @author zhangxiaoxu15
* @date 2022/2/8 10:53
*/
public class Symbol {
/**
* '*' 脱敏符
*/
public static final String STAR = "*";
private Symbol() {}
/**
* 获取符号
*
* @param number 符号个数
* @param symbol 符号
*/
public static String getSymbol(int number, String symbol) {return IntStream.range(0, number).mapToObj(i -> symbol).collect(Collectors.joining());
}
4. 应用样例 & 执行流程分析
程序类图
** 执行流程分析 **
1. 调用 JsonUtil.toJsonString() 开始执行序列化
2. 辨认属性 mobile 上的注解 @MobileNoDesensitize(上文 3.4.2)
3. 调用 ObjectDesensitizeSerializer#createContextual(上文 3.1 & 3.2),返回 JsonSerializer
4. 调用手机号脱敏实现 MobileNoDesensitization#desensitize(上文 3.3.2)
5. 输入脱敏后的序列化后果,{"mobile":"133****5678"}
不难发现外围执行流程是第 3 步,然而 @MobileNoDesensitize 与 ObjectDesensitizeSerializer 又是如何分割起来的呢?
- 尝试梳理下援用链路:@MobileNoDesensitize -> @Desensitize -> @JsonSerialize -> ObjectDesensitizeSerializer
- 然而,在 ObjectDesensitizeSerializer 的实现中,咱们仿佛却没有发现上述链路的间接调用关系
- 这就不得不说下 Jackson 元注解的概念
**Jackson 元注解 **
1. 提到元注解这个词,大家会想到 @Target、@Retention、@Documented、@Inherited
2.Jackson 也以同样的思路设计了 @JacksonAnnotationsInside
/**
* Meta-annotation (annotations used on other annotations)
* used for indicating that instead of using target annotation
* (annotation annotated with this annotation),
* Jackson should use meta-annotations it has.
* This can be useful in creating "combo-annotations" by having
* a container annotation, which needs to be annotated with this
* annotation as well as all annotations it 'contains'.
*
* @since 2.0
*/
@Target({ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@JacksonAnnotation
public @interface JacksonAnnotationsInside
{}
正是通过”combo-annotations”(组合注解、捆绑注解) 的机制,实现了批示 Jackson 应该应用其领有的元正文,而不是应用指标正文,从而实现了自定义脱敏实现设计指标。
5. 总结
以上就是利用 Jackson 序列化实现数据脱敏的全过程,如有此类需要的同学能够借鉴下面的实现办法。