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关于日志:日志库-winston-的学习笔记-创建一个使用-winston-的-Nodejs-应用

winston 被设计为一个简略且通用的日志库,反对多种传输。传输实质上是日志的存储设备。每个 winston 记录器都能够在不同级别配置多个存储渠道。例如,人们可能心愿将谬误日志存储在长久的近程地位(如数据库),但所有调试日志都输入到控制台或本地文件。

应用 winston 的举荐办法是创立您本人的记录器。最简略的办法是应用 winston.createLogger:

const winston = require('winston');
 
const logger = winston.createLogger({
  level: 'info',
  format: winston.format.json(),
  defaultMeta: {service: 'user-service'},
  transports: [
    //
    // - Write all logs with level `error` and below to `error.log`
    // - Write all logs with level `info` and below to `combined.log`
    //
    new winston.transports.File({filename: 'error.log', level: 'error'}),
    new winston.transports.File({filename: 'combined.log'}),
  ],
});
 
//
// If we're not in production then log to the `console` with the format:
// `${info.level}: ${info.message} JSON.stringify({...rest}) `
//
if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
  logger.add(new winston.transports.Console({format: winston.format.simple(),
  }));
}

winston 的日志等级

const levels = { 
  error: 0,
  warn: 1,
  info: 2,
  http: 3,
  verbose: 4,
  debug: 5,
  silly: 6
};

如何创立 logger

const logger = winston.createLogger({
  transports: [new winston.transports.Console(),
    new winston.transports.File({filename: 'combined.log'})
  ]
});

即便 logger 实例创立之后,也能容易地删除或者削减新的 transport:

const files = new winston.transports.File({filename: 'combined.log'});
const console = new winston.transports.Console();
 
logger
  .clear()          // Remove all transports
  .add(console)     // Add console transport
  .add(files)       // Add file transport
  .remove(console); // Remove console transport

也能应用 logger 的 configure 办法,重新配置新的 transport:

const logger = winston.createLogger({
  level: 'info',
  transports: [new winston.transports.Console(),
    new winston.transports.File({filename: 'combined.log'})
  ]
});
 
//
// Replaces the previous transports with those in the
// new configuration wholesale.
//
const DailyRotateFile = require('winston-daily-rotate-file');
logger.configure({
  level: 'verbose',
  transports: [new DailyRotateFile(opts)
  ]
});

在 winston 中,Logger 和 Transport 实例都被视为承受 info 对象的 objectMode 流。

提供给给定格局的 info 参数示意单个日志音讯。对象自身是可变的。每个信息必须至多具备 level 和 message 属性:

const info = {
  level: 'info',                 // Level of the logging message  
  message: 'Hey! Log something?' // Descriptive message being logged.
};

除了级别和音讯之外的属性被视为“元属性”:

const {level, message, ...meta} = info;

咱们来入手写一个理论的例子。

主程序:

// @ts-nocheck
var express = require('express');
var app = express();
var DEFAULTPORT = 3003;
var port = process.env.PORT || DEFAULTPORT;
var winstonTest = require("./winstonTest");

app.get('/', function(_req, res){res.send("Hello world");
   winstonTest.logMessage('234');
});

app.listen(port, function(){console.log("App listens on port:" + port);
});

winstonTest 的实现:

const winston = require('winston');
 
const logger = winston.createLogger({
  level: 'info',
  format: winston.format.json(),
  defaultMeta: {service: 'user-service'},
  transports: [
    //
    // - Write all logs with level `error` and below to `error.log`
    // - Write all logs with level `info` and below to `combined.log`
    //
    new winston.transports.File({filename: 'data/error.log', level: 'error'}),
    new winston.transports.File({filename: 'data/combined.log'}),
  ]
});

if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
    logger.add(new winston.transports.Console({format: winston.format.simple(),
    }));
}

console.log('Logger initialized successfully!');

function log(content){logger.info('hello', { message: content});
}

module.exports = {logMessage: log};

浏览器里输出如下 url:
http://localhost:3003/
在 combined.log 里生成了如下 log 文件:

这就是 winston 最根本的应用办法。

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