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关于react.js:在-hook-组件中拆分时图时需要注意的事项

最近遇到一个 bug,问题是呈现在 react hook 中,为了代码的可读性,我把一个 view 拆成了多个子 component,其中有一些是 pure component,有一些是含有 usestate 的 stateful component,然而在实际的过程中发现,当父组件应用 setState 更新视图的时候,有些 stateful component 中的 state 会主动还原为初始值,有一些则不会,认真比照后发现是组件实例化的写法不一样,代码概要如下:

import {useState} from "react";
import CHild from "./Child";
import "./styles.css";

export default function App() {const [random, setRandom] = useState(() => Math.random() * 10);

  const RenderPart = function () {const [count, setCount] = useState(0);
    return (
      <div>
        {count}
        <button onClick={() => setCount((prev) => prev + 1)}>add one</button>
      </div>
    );
  };

  const renderOtherPart = function () {const [count, setCount] = useState(0);
    return (
      <div>
        {count}
        <button onClick={() => setCount((prev) => prev + 1)}>add2 one</button>
      </div>
    );
  };

  return (
    <div className="App">
      <h3>{random}</h3>
      <button
        onClick={() => {setRandom(Math.random() * 10);
        }}
      >
        refresh
      </button>

      {/* render component via other render function with Component style would refresh the state of child component*/}
      <RenderPart></RenderPart>

      {/* render component via other render function with function style wouldn't refresh the state neither */}
      {renderOtherPart()}
    </div>
  );
}

应用 Babel 转译后的代码:

  1. 应用 <CHild></CHild> 的形式
"use strict";

function CHild() {const [count, setCount] = useState(0);
  return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement("div", null, count, /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement("button", {onClick: () => setCount(prev => prev + 1)
  }, "add one"));
}
function App() {const [random, setRandom] = useState(() => Math.random() * 10);
  const RenderPart = function () {// return CHild();
    return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(CHild, null);
  };
  return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement("div", {className: "App"}, /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement("h3", null, random), /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement("button", {onClick: () => {setRandom(Math.random() * 10);
    }
  }, "refresh"), /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(RenderPart, null));
}
  1. 应用 renderOtherPart 的形式
"use strict";

function CHild() {const [count, setCount] = useState(0);
  return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement("div", null, count, /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement("button", {onClick: () => setCount(prev => prev + 1)
  }, "add one"));
}
function App() {const [random, setRandom] = useState(() => Math.random() * 10);
  const renderOtherPart = function () {// return CHild();
    return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(CHild, null);
  };
  return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement("div", {className: "App"}, /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement("h3", null, random), /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement("button", {onClick: () => {setRandom(Math.random() * 10);
    }
  }, "refresh"), renderOtherPart());
}

在线复现代码地址:

通过运行代能够发现,以 <Child></Child> 这种形式实例化组件会刷新子组件的 state,而 {renderChild()} 这种则不会。起因如下:

从 babel 转译的后果上来看,区别在于应用 <RenderPart></RenderPart> 的时候会多用一个 React.createElement(RenderPart),在 RenderPart 外面才应用了 React.createElement(Child)。绝对于应用 {renderOtherPart()} 的形式,则是只应用了一次 React.createElement(Child),并没有两头的那层 RenderPart。

正是因为多进去的这个 RenderPart,因为是在 hook 组件里的,当父组件 setState 的时候,RenderPart 会被从新创立,内存地址扭转,在 react 的 diff 的时候判断为删除了旧组件而后又增加了一个新组件,从而触发了更新逻辑。

为了验证这个问题,我把 RenderPart 从 hook 组件中提取到内部,使它放弃不变,或者应用 useCallBack 或者 useMemo 来对 RenderPart 缓存起来,后果验证果然不会从新重置子组件的 state。

const RenderPart = function () {const [state, setState] = useState(() => {console.log("RenderPart initial state");
    return 0;
  });
  // return CHild();
  console.log("renderPart RenderPart");
  return (
    <div>
      <h3>{state}</h3>
      <button onClick={() => setState((prev) => prev + 1)}>setstate</button>
      <CHild></CHild>
    </div>
  );
};

export default function App() {const [random, setRandom] = useState(() => Math.random() * 10);

    return (
        <div className="App">
          <h3>{random}</h3>
          <button
            onClick={() => {setRandom(Math.random() * 10);
            }}
          >
            refresh
          </button>

          {/* render component via other render function with Component style would refresh the state of child component*/}
          <RenderPart></RenderPart>
        </div>
      );
}

或者应用 useCallBack:

function App() {const [random, setRandom] = useState(() => Math.random() * 10);

  const RenderPart = useCallback(function () {return <CHild></CHild>;}, []);

  return (
    <div className="App">
      <h3>{random}</h3>
      <button
        onClick={() => {setRandom(Math.random() * 10);
        }}
      >
        refresh
      </button>

      {/* render component via other render function with Component style would refresh the state of child component*/}
      <RenderPart></RenderPart>
    </div>
  );
}
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