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关于rabbitmq:RabbitMQ-七种队列模式应用场景案例分析通俗易懂

jiezi

七种模式介绍与利用场景

简略模式（Hello World）

做最简略的事件，一个生产者对应一个消费者，RabbitMQ 相当于一个音讯代理，负责将 A 的音讯转发给 B

利用场景 ：将发送的电子邮件放到音讯队列，而后邮件服务在队列中获取邮件并发送给收件人

工作队列模式（Work queues）

在多个消费者之间分配任务（竞争的消费者模式），一个生产者对应多个消费者，个别实用于执行资源密集型工作，单个消费者解决不过去，须要多个消费者进行解决

利用场景 ：一个订单的解决须要 10s，有多个订单能够同时放到音讯队列，而后让多个消费者同时解决，这样就是并行了，而不是单个消费者的串行状况

订阅模式（Publish/Subscribe）

一次向许多消费者发送音讯，一个生产者发送的音讯会被多个消费者获取，也就是将音讯将播送到所有的消费者中。

利用场景 ：更新商品库存后须要告诉多个缓存和多个数据库，这里的构造应该是：

  • 一个 fanout 类型交换机扇出两个个音讯队列，别离为缓存音讯队列、数据库音讯队列
  • 一个缓存音讯队列对应着多个缓存消费者
  • 一个数据库音讯队列对应着多个数据库消费者
路由模式（Routing）

有选择地（Routing key）接管音讯，发送音讯到交换机并且要指定路由 key，消费者将队列绑定到交换机时须要指定路由 key，仅生产指定路由 key 的音讯

利用场景 ：如在商品库存中减少了 1 台 iphone12，iphone12 促销流动消费者指定 routing key 为 iphone12，只有此促销流动会接管到音讯，其它促销流动不关怀也不会生产此 routing key 的音讯

主题模式（Topics）

依据主题（Topics）来接管音讯，将路由 key 和某模式进行匹配，此时队列须要绑定在一个模式上，# 匹配一个词或多个词，* 只匹配一个词。

利用场景 ：同上，iphone 促销流动能够接管主题为 iphone 的音讯，如 iphone12、iphone13 等

近程过程调用（RPC）

如果咱们须要在近程计算机上运行性能并期待后果就能够应用 RPC，具体流程能够看图。 利用场景 ：须要期待接口返回数据，如订单领取

发布者确认（Publisher Confirms）

与发布者进行牢靠的公布确认，发布者确认是 RabbitMQ 扩大，能够实现牢靠的公布。在通道上启用发布者确认后，RabbitMQ 将异步确认发送者公布的音讯，这意味着它们已在服务器端解决。（搜寻公众号民工哥技术之路，查看更多 Java 后端技术栈及面试题精选）

利用场景 ：对于音讯可靠性要求较高，比方钱包扣款

代码演示

代码中没有对前面两种模式演示，有趣味能够本人钻研

简略模式 
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class Sender {

    private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "simple_queue";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("localhost");
        factory.setPort(5672);
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        // 申明队列
        // queue：队列名
        // durable：是否长久化
        // exclusive：是否排外  即只容许该 channel 拜访该队列   个别等于 true 的话用于一个队列只能有一个消费者来生产的场景
        // autoDelete：是否主动删除  生产完删除
        // arguments：其余属性
        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);

        // 音讯内容
        String message = "simplest mode message";
        channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME, null, message.getBytes());
        System.out.println("[x]Sent'" + message + "'");

        // 最初敞开通关和连贯
        channel.close();
        connection.close();}
}
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;


public class Receiver {

    private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "simplest_queue";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
        // 获取连贯
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("localhost");
        factory.setPort(5672);
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);

        DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
            System.out.println("[x] Received'" +
                    delivery.getEnvelope().getRoutingKey() + "':'" + message + "'");
        };
        channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {});
    }
}
工作队列模式 
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class Receiver1 {

    private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_work";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("localhost");
        factory.setPort(5672);
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
        // 同一时刻服务器只会发送一条音讯给消费者
        channel.basicQos(1);

        DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
            System.out.println("[x] Received'" +
                    delivery.getEnvelope().getRoutingKey() + "':'" + message + "'");
        };
        channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {});

    }
}
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;


public class Receiver2 {

    private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_work";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("localhost");
        factory.setPort(5672);
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();


        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
        // 同一时刻服务器只会发送一条音讯给消费者
        channel.basicQos(1);

        DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
            System.out.println("[x] Received'" +
                    delivery.getEnvelope().getRoutingKey() + "':'" + message + "'");
        };
        channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {});

    }
}
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class Sender {

    private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_work";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("localhost");
        factory.setPort(5672);
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        // 申明队列
        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            String message = "work mode message" + i;
            channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME, null, message.getBytes());
            System.out.println("[x] Sent'" + message + "'");
            Thread.sleep(i * 10);
        }

        channel.close();
        connection.close();}
}
公布订阅模式 
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;

public class Receive1 {

    private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "logs";

    public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("localhost");
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();


        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "fanout");
        String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();
        channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, "");

        System.out.println("[*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C");

        // 订阅音讯的回调函数
        DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
            System.out.println("[x] Received'" + message + "'");
        };

        // 消费者，有音讯时登程订阅回调函数
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {});
    }
}
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;

public class Receive2 {

    private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "logs";

    public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("localhost");
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();


        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "fanout");
        String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();
        channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, "");

        System.out.println("[*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C");

        // 订阅音讯的回调函数
        DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
            System.out.println("[x] Received2'" + message + "'");
        };

        // 消费者，有音讯时登程订阅回调函数
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {});
    }
}
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

public class Sender {

    private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "logs";

    public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("localhost");
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();


        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "fanout");

        String message = "publish subscribe message";
        channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "", null, message.getBytes("UTF-8"));
        System.out.println("[x] Sent'" + message + "'");

        channel.close();
        connection.close();}
}
路由模式 
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class Receiver1 {

    private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_routing";
    private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_direct";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("localhost");
        factory.setPort(5672);
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();


        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
        // 指定路由的 key，接管 key 和 key2
        channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "key");
        channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "key2");

        channel.basicQos(1);

        DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
            System.out.println("[x] Received'" +
                    delivery.getEnvelope().getRoutingKey() + "':'" + message + "'");
        };
        channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {});
    }

}
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class Receiver2 {

    private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_routing2";
    private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_direct";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("localhost");
        factory.setPort(5672);
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
        // 仅接管 key2
        channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "key2");

        channel.basicQos(1);

        DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
            System.out.println("[x] Received'" +
                    delivery.getEnvelope().getRoutingKey() + "':'" + message + "'");
        };
        channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {});


    }
}
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class Sender {

    private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_direct";
    private final static String EXCHANGE_TYPE = "direct";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("localhost");
        factory.setPort(5672);
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        // 交换机申明
        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, EXCHANGE_TYPE);

        // 只有 routingKey 雷同的才会生产
        String message = "routing mode message";
        channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "key2", null, message.getBytes());
        System.out.println("[x] Sent'" + message + "'");
//        channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "key", null, message.getBytes());
//        System.out.println("[x] Sent'" + message + "'");

        channel.close();
        connection.close();}
}
主题模式 
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class Receiver1 {

    private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_topic";
    private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_topic";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("localhost");
        factory.setPort(5672);
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
        // 能够接管 key.1
        channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "key.*");

        channel.basicQos(1);

        DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
            System.out.println("[x] Received'" +
                    delivery.getEnvelope().getRoutingKey() + "':'" + message + "'");
        };
        channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {});
    }
}
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class Receiver2 {

    private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_topic2";
    private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_topic";
    private final static String EXCHANGE_TYPE = "topic";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("localhost");
        factory.setPort(5672);
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
        // * 号代表单个单词，能够接管 key.1
        channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "*.*");
        // #号代表多个单词，能够接管 key.1.2
        channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "*.#");

        channel.basicQos(1);

        DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
            System.out.println("[x] Received'" +
                    delivery.getEnvelope().getRoutingKey() + "':'" + message + "'");
        };
        channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {});
    }
}
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class Sender {

    private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_topic";
    private final static String EXCHANGE_TYPE = "topic";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("localhost");
        factory.setPort(5672);
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, EXCHANGE_TYPE);

        String message = "topics model message with key.1";
        channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "key.1", null, message.getBytes());
        System.out.println("[x] Sent'" + message + "'");
        String message2 = "topics model message with key.1.2";
        channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "key.1.2", null, message2.getBytes());
        System.out.println("[x] Sent'" + message2 + "'");

        channel.close();
        connection.close();}
}
四种交换机介绍
  • 直连交换机（Direct exchange）：具备路由性能的交换机，绑定到此交换机的时候须要指定一个 routing_key，交换机发送音讯的时候须要 routing_key，会将音讯发送道对应的队列
  • 扇形交换机（Fanout exchange）：播送音讯到所有队列，没有任何解决，速度最快
  • 主题交换机（Topic exchange）：在直连交换机根底上减少模式匹配，也就是对 routing_key 进行模式匹配，* 代表一个单词，# 代表多个单词
  • 首部交换机（Headers exchange）：疏忽 routing_key，应用 Headers 信息（一个 Hash 的数据结构）进行匹配，劣势在于能够有更多更灵便的匹配规定

总结

这么多种队列模式中都有其利用场景，大家能够依据利用场景示例中进行抉择

作者：我思知我在
blog.csdn.net/qq_32828253/article/details/110450249

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