关于区块链:为什么交易发送失败了

在 Conflux 网络，通过 cfx_sendRawTransaction 办法发送交易时，如果交易结构不对，发送将会失败。其中一些谬误比拟常见比方：

应用了已被执行过的 nonce
应用了曾经被发送到交易池中的 nonce

另外还有几种发送失败的状况:

chainId 应用不匹配
epochHeight 太大
gas 超过 1500w (half of block gas limit)
gas 小余 21000
data 过大 (超过 200K)
gasPrice 设置为 0
签名谬误
交易池满

如下是交易发送失败时 cfx_sendRawTransaction 办法返回的 RPC 谬误

{
    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
    "id": "15922956697249514502",
    "error": {
        "code": -32602,
        "message": "Invalid parameters: tx",
        "data": "\"Transaction 0x4a2cfa73267139d965ab86d41f2af16db09e62ff92a5abffd7f8e743f36f327c is discarded due to a too stale nonce\""
    }
}

此种状况需改为以后能够用的（未用的）nonce

{
    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
    "id": "15922956697249514502",
    "error": {
        "code": -32602,
        "message": "Invalid parameters: tx",
        "data": "\"tx already exist\""
    }
  }

或

{
    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
    "id": "15922956697249514502",
    "error": {
        "code": -32602,
        "message": "Invalid parameters: tx",
        "data": "Tx with same nonce already inserted. To replace it, you need to specify a gas price > {}"}
}

对于这两种状况代表交易曾经被发到交易池中了，如果想更新或替换交易的话，能够应用同样的 nonce, 批改对应的字段，并进步 gasPrice 从新发送

发送交易的 nonce 不能币用户以后 nonce 过大，如果超过 2000 将遇到如下谬误:

{
    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
    "id": "15922956697249514502",
    "error": {
        "code": -32602,
        "message": "Invalid parameters: tx",
        "data": "\"Transaction 0xc875a03e1ce01268931a1a428d8f8313714ab5eb9c2b626bd327af7e5c3e8c03 is discarded due to in too distant future\""
    }
  }

如果交易的 gas 太小 (<21000) 或太大 (>1500w) 会返回如下谬误:

{
    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
    "id": "15922956697249514502",
    "error": {
        "code": -32602,
        "message": "Invalid parameters: tx",
        "data": "\"NotEnoughBaseGas {required: 21000, got: 2000}\""
    }
}

{
    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
    "id": "15922956697249514502",
    "error": {
        "code": -32602,
        "message": "Invalid parameters: tx",
        "data": "\"transaction gas 20000000 exceeds the maximum value 15000000, the half of pivot block gas limit\""
    }
}

交易的 gasPrice 不能设置为 0:

{
    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
    "id": "15922956697249514502",
    "error": {
        "code": -32602,
        "message": "Invalid parameters: tx",
        "data": "\"ZeroGasPrice\""
    }
}

交易有大小限度，最大不能超过 200k

如果交易的 epochHeight 跟以后网络的 epochNumber 相比小余超过 10w 会遇到如下谬误：

{
    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
    "id": "15922956697249514502",
    "error": {
        "code": -32602,
        "message": "Invalid parameters: tx",
        "data": "\"EpochHeightOutOfBound {block_height: 53800739, set: 0, transaction_epoch_bound: 100000}\""
    }
}

{
    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
    "id": "15922956697249514502",
    "error": {
        "code": -32602,
        "message": "Invalid parameters: tx",
        "data": "\"ChainIdMismatch {expected: 1, got: 2}\""
    }
}

{
    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
    "id": "15922956697249514502",
    "error": {
        "code": -32602,
        "message": "Invalid parameters: raw",
        "data": "\"RlpIncorrectListLen\""
    }
}

{
    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
    "id": "15922956697249514502",
    "error": {
        "code": -32602,
        "message": "Invalid parameters: tx",
        "data": "Can not recover pubkey for Ethereum like tx"
    }
}

{
    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
    "id": "15922956697249514502",
    "error": {
        "code": -32602,
        "message": "Invalid parameters: tx",
        "data": "txpool is full"
    }
}

或

{
    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
    "id": "15922956697249514502",
    "error": {
        "code": -32602,
        "message": "Invalid parameters: tx",
        "data": "Failed imported to deferred pool: Transaction Pool is full"
    }
}

对于此种状况，可期待一会从新发送交易，进步交易的 gasPrice 有助于进步发送的几率

{
    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
    "id": "15922956697249514502",
    "error": {
        "code": -32077,
        "message": "Request rejected due to still in the catch up mode.",
        "data": null
    }
}

等节点数据同步到最新之后再发送

{
    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
    "id": "15922956697249514502",
    "error": {
        "code": -32602,
        "message": "Invalid parameters: tx",
        "data": "Failed to read account_cache from storage: {}"}
}

关于区块链:为什么交易发送失败了

nonce 应用谬误

应用了曾经被执行的 nonce

应用了曾经被发送到交易池中的 nonce

应用了过大的 nonce

gas

gasPrice

data

epochHeight

chainId 应用谬误

编码或签名谬误

交易池满

其余

节点处于 catch-up mode

外部谬误