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关于前端:一些特别棒的面试题4

原文地址:一些特地棒的面试题[4]

最近面试了一些公司,拿了一些 offer,不记录概念题目,仅记录 coding 类题目。
小伙伴们闲暇工夫能够做这些题目练练手。

  • 只呈现一次的数字
  • 汇总区间
  • 实现红绿灯成果
  • 数组去重
  • 返回 excel 表格列名
  • 检测空对象
  • 实现 a +a+ a 打印 ’abc’
  • 实现一个 Event 模块
  • 大整数相加
  • SuperPerson 继承 Person
  • 字符串暗藏局部内容

只呈现一次的数字

给定一个非空整数数组,除了某个元素只呈现一次以外,其余每个元素均呈现两次。找出那个只呈现了一次的元素。
示例 1:

输出: [2,2,1]
输入: 1
示例 2:

输出: [4,1,2,1,2]
输入: 4
这是一道 leetcode 简略难度的题。
题目:leetcode 136 只呈现一次的数字
题解:136 只呈现一次的数字

/**
 * @param {number[]} nums
 * @return {number}
 */
var singleNumber = function (nums) {
  /** 解法 1:暴力遍历
   *  性能:704ms 40.5MB
   */
  let numsSet = Array.from(new Set(nums));
  let numsMap = numsSet.map((num) => ({
    num,
    count: 0,
  }));
  nums.forEach((num, i) => {numsMap.forEach((numM, j) => {if (numM.num === num) {numM.count++;}
    });
  });
  let filterArr = numsMap.filter((num) => num.count === 1);
  return filterArr[0].num;
  /** 解法 2:Set 首次呈现 add 二次呈现 delete
   *  性能: 72 ms 38MB
   */
  let numsSet = new Set();
  for (let i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {if (!numsSet.has(nums[i])) {numsSet.add(nums[i]);
    } else {numsSet.delete(nums[i]);
    }
  }
  return [...numsSet][0];
};

汇总区间

给定一个乱序整形数组 [0,1,7,13,15,16,2,4,5],找出其中间断呈现的数字区间为如下:[“0->2”, “4->5”, “7”, “13”, “15->16”]
这是一道 leetcode 中等难度的题。
题目:leetcode 228 汇总区间
题解:228 汇总区间(Summary Ranges)

function continuous(arr) {arr.sort((a, b) => a - b);
  let stack = [];
  let result = [];
  for (let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {if (stack.length === 0 || arr[i] - stack[stack.length - 1] === 1) {stack.push(arr[i]);
    } else {if (stack.length > 1) {result.push(`${stack[0]}->${stack[stack.length - 1]}`);
      } else {result.push(`${stack[0]}`);
      }

      stack = [];
      stack.push(arr[i]);
    }
    if (i === arr.length - 1) {if (stack.length > 1) {result.push(`${stack[0]}->${stack[stack.length - 1]}`);
      } else {result.push(`${stack[0]}`);
      }
    }
  }
  return result;
}
console.log(continuous([0, 1, 7, 13, 15, 16, 2, 4, 5]));

实现红绿灯成果,应用 console 输入“红”、“绿”、“黄”示意,等待时间别离为 3s、2s、1s

function trafficCtrl() {
  // timeline 红 0~2 绿 3~4 黄 5
  const borders = {red: 3, green: 5, yellow: 6};
  let current = 0;
  setInterval(() => {if (current >= 0 && current <= 2) {console.log('红', borders.red - current);
    } else if (current >= 3 && current <= 4) {console.log('绿', borders.green - current);
    } else {console.log('黄', borders.yellow - current);
    }
    current++;
    if (current > 5) {current = 0;}
  }, 1000);
}

trafficCtrl();

红 3
红 2
红 1
绿 2
绿 1
黄 1
红 3
红 2

数组去重

输出:
[‘1’, ‘2’, ‘3’, 1, ‘2’, undefined, undefined, null, null, 1, ‘a’,’b’,’b’];
输入:
[“1”, “2”, “3”, 1, undefined, null, “a”, “b”]

// 解法 1:includes
function removeDuplicate(arr) {const result = [];
    for(const item of arr){if(!result.includes(item)) result.push(item);
    }
    return result;
}
// 解法 2:Map
function removeDuplicate(arr) {const map = new Map();
    for(const item of arr){if(!map.has(item)) map.set(item, true);
      }
     const result = [...map.keys()];
    return result;
}
// 解法 3:对撞指针
function removeDuplicate(arr) {const map = new Map();
     let i = 0;
     let j = arr.length - 1;
     while(i<=j){if(!map.has(arr[i])) map.set(arr[i], true);
            if(!map.has(arr[j])) map.set(arr[j], true);
            i++;
            j--;
     }
     const result = [...map.keys()];
          return result;
}
// 解法 4:filter
function removeDuplicate(arr) {return arr.filter((item, i)=> arr.indexOf(item) === i)
}

写一个函数返回 excel 表格列名

输出:1 输入:A
输出:2 输入:B
输出:26 输入:Z
输出:27 输入:AA
输出:52 输入:AZ

这是一道 leetcode 简略难度的题。
题目:leetcode 168 Excel 表列名称
题解:168 Excel 表列名称

function getExcelColumn(column) {const obj = {};
    let i = 0;
    const startCode = "A".charCodeAt();
    while (i < 26) {obj[i + 1] = String.fromCharCode(startCode + i);
        i++;
    }
    if (column <= 26) {return obj[column]
    }
    const stack = [];
    const left = column % 26;
    const floor = Math.floor(column / 26);

    if (left) {stack.unshift(obj[left])
        stack.unshift(obj[floor]);
    } else {stack.unshift('Z')
        stack.unshift(obj[floor - 1]);
    }
    const result = stack.join("");
    return result;
}

如何检测一个空对象

// 解法 1: Object.prototype.toString.call 和 JSON.stringify
function isObjEmpty(obj){return Object.prototype.toString.call(obj)==="[Object object]" && JSON.stringify({}) === "{}";}
// 解法 2: Object.keys() Object.values()
function isObjEmpty(obj){return Object.keys(obj).length === 0 || Object.values(obj).length === 0;
}
// 解法 3:for...in
function isObjEmpty(obj){for(key in obj){if(key) return false
    }
    return true;
}

实现 a +a+ a 打印 ’abc’

console.log(a + a + a); // 打印 ’abc’

// 题目一
/*
  console.log(a + a + a); // 打印 'abc'
*/

/**
 * 解法 1: Object.defineProperty() 内部变量
 */
let value = "a";
Object.defineProperty(this, "a", {get() {
    let result = value;
    if (value === "a") {value = "b";} else if (value === "b") {value = "c";}
    return result;
  },
});
console.log(a + a + a);
/**
 * 解法 1(优化版):Object.defineProperty() 外部变量
 */
Object.defineProperty(this, "a", {get() {
    this._v = this._v || "a";
    if (this._v === "a") {
      this._v = "b";
      return "a";
    } else if (this._v === "b") {
      this._v = "c";
      return "b";
    } else {return this._v;}
  },
});
console.log(a + a + a);

/**
 * 解法 2: Object.prototpye.valueOf()
 */
let index = 0;
let a = {
  value: "a",
  valueOf() {return ["a", "b", "c"][index++];
  },
};
console.log(a + a + a);

/**
 * 解法 3:charCodeAt,charFromCode
 */
let code = "a".charCodeAt(0);
let count = 0;
Object.defineProperty(this, "a", {get() {let char = String.fromCharCode(code + count);
    count++;
    return char;
  },
});
console.log(a + a + a); // 'abc'

/**
 * 解法 3(优化版一):外部变量 this._count 和_code
 */
Object.defineProperty(this, "a", {get() {let _code = "a".charCodeAt(0);
    this._count = this._count || 0;
    let char = String.fromCharCode(_code + this._count);
    this._count++;
    return char;
  },
});
console.log(a + a + a); // 'abc'

/**
 * 解法 3(优化版二):外部变量 this._code
 */
Object.defineProperty(this, "a", {get() {this._code = this._code || "a".charCodeAt(0);
    let char = String.fromCharCode(this._code);
    this._code++;
    return char;
  },
});
console.log(a + a + a); // 'abc'

/*
 题目扩大: 打印 `a...z`
 a+a+a; //'abc'
 a+a+a+a; //'abcd'
*/
/**
 * charCodeAt,charFromCode
 */
let code = "a".charCodeAt(0);
let count = 0;
Object.defineProperty(this, "a", {get() {let char = String.fromCharCode(code + count);
    if (count >= 26) {return "";}
    count++;
    return char;
  },
});
// 打印‘abc’console.log(a + a + a); // 'abc'

// 打印‘abcd’let code = "a".charCodeAt(0);
let count = 0;
// {... 定义 a...}
console.log(a + a + a); // 'abcd'

// 打印‘abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz’let code = "a".charCodeAt(0);
let count = 0;
// {... 定义 a...}
let str = "";
for (let i = 0; i < 27; i++) {str += a;}
console.log(str); // "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"

/*
 题目扩大(优化版): 打印 `a...z`
 a+a+a; //'abc'
 a+a+a+a; //'abcd'
*/

Object.defineProperty(this, "a", {get() {this._code = this._code || "a".charCodeAt(0);
    let char = String.fromCharCode(this._code);
    if (this._code >= "a".charCodeAt(0) + 26) {return "";}
    this._code++;
    return char;
  },
});
// 打印‘abc’console.log(a + a + a); // 'abc'

实现一个 Event 模块

/**
 * 阐明:简略实现一个事件订阅机制,具备监听 on 和触发 emit 办法
 * 示例:* on(event, func){...}
 * emit(event, ...args){...}
 * once(event, func){...}
 * off(event, func){...}
 * const event = new EventEmitter();
 * event.on('someEvent', (...args) => {*     console.log('some_event triggered', ...args);
 * });
 * event.emit('someEvent', 'abc', '123');
 * event.once('someEvent', (...args) => {*     console.log('some_event triggered', ...args);
 * });
 * event.off('someEvent', callbackPointer); // callbackPointer 为回调指针,不能是匿名函数
 */

class EventEmitter {constructor() {this.listeners = [];
  }
  on(event, func) {const callback = () => (listener) => listener.name === event;
    const idx = this.listeners.findIndex(callback);
    if (idx === -1) {
      this.listeners.push({
        name: event,
        callbacks: [func],
      });
    } else {this.listeners[idx].callbacks.push(func);
    }
  }
  emit(event, ...args) {if (this.listeners.length === 0) return;
    const callback = () => (listener) => listener.name === event;
    const idx = this.listeners.findIndex(callback);
    this.listeners[idx].callbacks.forEach((cb) => {cb(...args);
    });
  }
  once(event, func) {const callback = () => (listener) => listener.name === event;
    let idx = this.listeners.findIndex(callback);
    if (idx === -1) {
      this.listeners.push({
        name: event,
        callbacks: [func],
      });
    }
  }
  off(event, func) {if (this.listeners.length === 0) return;
    const callback = () => (listener) => listener.name === event;
    let idx = this.listeners.findIndex(callback);
    if (idx !== -1) {let callbacks = this.listeners[idx].callbacks;
      for (let i = 0; i < callbacks.length; i++) {if (callbacks[i] === func) {callbacks.splice(i, 1);
          break;
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

// let event = new EventEmitter();
// let onceCallback = (...args) => {//   console.log("once_event triggered", ...args);
// };
// let onceCallback1 = (...args) => {//   console.log("once_event 1 triggered", ...args);
// };
// // once 仅监听一次
// event.once("onceEvent", onceCallback);
// event.once("onceEvent", onceCallback1);
// event.emit("onceEvent", "abc", "123");

// // off 销毁指定回调
// let onCallback = (...args) => {//   console.log("on_event triggered", ...args);
// };
// let onCallback1 = (...args) => {//   console.log("on_event 1 triggered", ...args);
// };
// event.on("onEvent", onCallback);
// event.on("onEvent", onCallback1);
// event.emit("onEvent", "abc", "123");

// event.off("onEvent", onCallback);
// event.emit("onEvent", "abc", "123");

大整数相加

/**
* 请通过代码实现大整数(可能比 Number.MAX_VALUE 大)相加运算
* var bigint1 = new BigInt('1231230');
* var bigint2 = new BigInt('12323123999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999991');
* console.log(bigint1.plus(bigint2))
*/
function BigInt(value) {this.value = value;}

BigInt.prototype.plus = function (bigint) {let aArr = this.value.split("");
  let bArr = bigint.value.split("");
  let stack = [];
  let count = 0;
  while (aArr.length !== 0 || bArr.length !== 0) {let aPop = aArr.pop() || 0;
    let bPop = bArr.pop() || 0;
    let stackBottom = 0;
    if (stack.length > count) {stackBottom = stack.shift();
    }
    let sum = parseInt(aPop) + parseInt(bPop) + parseInt(stackBottom);
    if (sum < 10) {stack.unshift(sum);
    } else if (sum >= 10) {stack.unshift(sum - 10);
      stack.unshift(1);
    }
    count++;
  }
  return stack.join("");
};

SuperPerson 继承 Person

// 写一个类 Person,领有属性 age 和 name,领有办法 say(something)
// 再写一个类 Superman,继承 Person,领有本人的属性 power,领有本人的办法 fly(height) ES5 形式

function Person(age, name){
    this.age = age;
        this.name = name;
}
Person.prototype.say = function(something) {// ...}

function Superman(age, name, power){Person.call(this, age, name, power);
    this.power = power;
}
Superman.prototype = Object.create(Person.prototype);
Superman.prototype.constructor = Superman;

Superman.prototype.fly = function(height) {// ...}

let superman = new Superman(25, 'GaoKai', 'strong');

// class 形式
class Person {constructor(age, name){
    this.age = age;
    this.name = name;
  }
  say(something){
      // ...
      console.log("say");
  }
}
class Superman extends Person{constructor(age, name, power){super(age, name)
    this.power = power;
  }
  fly(height){
    // ...
    console.log("fly");
  }
}

let superman = new Superman(25, 'GaoKai', 'strong');

字符串暗藏局部内容

/**
 * 字符串暗藏局部内容
 * 阐明:实现一个办法,接管一个字符串和一个符号,将字符串两头四位按指定符号暗藏
 *   1. 符号无指定时应用星号(*)*   2. 接管的字符串小于或等于四位时,返回同样长度的符号串,等同于全暗藏,如 123,暗藏后是 ***
 *   3. 字符串长度是大于四位的奇数时,如 123456789,暗藏后是 12****789,奇数多进去的一位在开端
 * 示例:*   mask('blibaba', '#');  // b####ba
 *   mask('05716666');   // 05****66
 *   mask('hello');  // ****o
 *   mask('abc', '?');  // ???
 *   mask('哔里巴巴团体', '?'); // 哔???? 团
 */
function mask(str, char = "*") {if(str.length<=4) return char.repeat(str.length);
  /* 代码实现 */
  let result = "";
  let i = Math.floor(str.length / 2) - 1;
  let j = Math.floor(str.length / 2);
  while(result.length!==str.length){if(j - i <= 4){
          result = char + result;
        result += char ;
    } else {result = (str[i] || "") + result;
        result += str[j] ;
    }
    i--;
    j++;
  }
  return result;
}

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