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原文地址:一些特地棒的面试题[4]
最近面试了一些公司,拿了一些 offer,不记录概念题目,仅记录 coding 类题目。
小伙伴们闲暇工夫能够做这些题目练练手。
- 只呈现一次的数字
- 汇总区间
- 实现红绿灯成果
- 数组去重
- 返回 excel 表格列名
- 检测空对象
- 实现 a +a+ a 打印 ’abc’
- 实现一个 Event 模块
- 大整数相加
- SuperPerson 继承 Person
- 字符串暗藏局部内容
只呈现一次的数字
给定一个非空整数数组,除了某个元素只呈现一次以外,其余每个元素均呈现两次。找出那个只呈现了一次的元素。
示例 1:
输出: [2,2,1]
输入: 1
示例 2:
输出: [4,1,2,1,2]
输入: 4
这是一道 leetcode 简略难度的题。
题目:leetcode 136 只呈现一次的数字
题解:136 只呈现一次的数字
/**
* @param {number[]} nums
* @return {number}
*/
var singleNumber = function (nums) {
/** 解法 1:暴力遍历
* 性能:704ms 40.5MB
*/
let numsSet = Array.from(new Set(nums));
let numsMap = numsSet.map((num) => ({
num,
count: 0,
}));
nums.forEach((num, i) => {numsMap.forEach((numM, j) => {if (numM.num === num) {numM.count++;}
});
});
let filterArr = numsMap.filter((num) => num.count === 1);
return filterArr[0].num;
/** 解法 2:Set 首次呈现 add 二次呈现 delete
* 性能: 72 ms 38MB
*/
let numsSet = new Set();
for (let i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {if (!numsSet.has(nums[i])) {numsSet.add(nums[i]);
} else {numsSet.delete(nums[i]);
}
}
return [...numsSet][0];
};
汇总区间
给定一个乱序整形数组 [0,1,7,13,15,16,2,4,5],找出其中间断呈现的数字区间为如下:[“0->2”, “4->5”, “7”, “13”, “15->16”]
这是一道 leetcode 中等难度的题。
题目:leetcode 228 汇总区间
题解:228 汇总区间(Summary Ranges)
function continuous(arr) {arr.sort((a, b) => a - b);
let stack = [];
let result = [];
for (let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {if (stack.length === 0 || arr[i] - stack[stack.length - 1] === 1) {stack.push(arr[i]);
} else {if (stack.length > 1) {result.push(`${stack[0]}->${stack[stack.length - 1]}`);
} else {result.push(`${stack[0]}`);
}
stack = [];
stack.push(arr[i]);
}
if (i === arr.length - 1) {if (stack.length > 1) {result.push(`${stack[0]}->${stack[stack.length - 1]}`);
} else {result.push(`${stack[0]}`);
}
}
}
return result;
}
console.log(continuous([0, 1, 7, 13, 15, 16, 2, 4, 5]));
实现红绿灯成果,应用 console 输入“红”、“绿”、“黄”示意,等待时间别离为 3s、2s、1s
function trafficCtrl() {
// timeline 红 0~2 绿 3~4 黄 5
const borders = {red: 3, green: 5, yellow: 6};
let current = 0;
setInterval(() => {if (current >= 0 && current <= 2) {console.log('红', borders.red - current);
} else if (current >= 3 && current <= 4) {console.log('绿', borders.green - current);
} else {console.log('黄', borders.yellow - current);
}
current++;
if (current > 5) {current = 0;}
}, 1000);
}
trafficCtrl();
红 3
红 2
红 1
绿 2
绿 1
黄 1
红 3
红 2
…
数组去重
输出:
[‘1’, ‘2’, ‘3’, 1, ‘2’, undefined, undefined, null, null, 1, ‘a’,’b’,’b’];
输入:
[“1”, “2”, “3”, 1, undefined, null, “a”, “b”]
// 解法 1:includes
function removeDuplicate(arr) {const result = [];
for(const item of arr){if(!result.includes(item)) result.push(item);
}
return result;
}
// 解法 2:Map
function removeDuplicate(arr) {const map = new Map();
for(const item of arr){if(!map.has(item)) map.set(item, true);
}
const result = [...map.keys()];
return result;
}
// 解法 3:对撞指针
function removeDuplicate(arr) {const map = new Map();
let i = 0;
let j = arr.length - 1;
while(i<=j){if(!map.has(arr[i])) map.set(arr[i], true);
if(!map.has(arr[j])) map.set(arr[j], true);
i++;
j--;
}
const result = [...map.keys()];
return result;
}
// 解法 4:filter
function removeDuplicate(arr) {return arr.filter((item, i)=> arr.indexOf(item) === i)
}
写一个函数返回 excel 表格列名
输出:1 输入:A
输出:2 输入:B
输出:26 输入:Z
输出:27 输入:AA
输出:52 输入:AZ
这是一道 leetcode 简略难度的题。
题目:leetcode 168 Excel 表列名称
题解:168 Excel 表列名称
function getExcelColumn(column) {const obj = {};
let i = 0;
const startCode = "A".charCodeAt();
while (i < 26) {obj[i + 1] = String.fromCharCode(startCode + i);
i++;
}
if (column <= 26) {return obj[column]
}
const stack = [];
const left = column % 26;
const floor = Math.floor(column / 26);
if (left) {stack.unshift(obj[left])
stack.unshift(obj[floor]);
} else {stack.unshift('Z')
stack.unshift(obj[floor - 1]);
}
const result = stack.join("");
return result;
}
如何检测一个空对象
// 解法 1: Object.prototype.toString.call 和 JSON.stringify
function isObjEmpty(obj){return Object.prototype.toString.call(obj)==="[Object object]" && JSON.stringify({}) === "{}";}
// 解法 2: Object.keys() Object.values()
function isObjEmpty(obj){return Object.keys(obj).length === 0 || Object.values(obj).length === 0;
}
// 解法 3:for...in
function isObjEmpty(obj){for(key in obj){if(key) return false
}
return true;
}
实现 a +a+ a 打印 ’abc’
console.log(a + a + a); // 打印 ’abc’
// 题目一
/*
console.log(a + a + a); // 打印 'abc'
*/
/**
* 解法 1: Object.defineProperty() 内部变量
*/
let value = "a";
Object.defineProperty(this, "a", {get() {
let result = value;
if (value === "a") {value = "b";} else if (value === "b") {value = "c";}
return result;
},
});
console.log(a + a + a);
/**
* 解法 1(优化版):Object.defineProperty() 外部变量
*/
Object.defineProperty(this, "a", {get() {
this._v = this._v || "a";
if (this._v === "a") {
this._v = "b";
return "a";
} else if (this._v === "b") {
this._v = "c";
return "b";
} else {return this._v;}
},
});
console.log(a + a + a);
/**
* 解法 2: Object.prototpye.valueOf()
*/
let index = 0;
let a = {
value: "a",
valueOf() {return ["a", "b", "c"][index++];
},
};
console.log(a + a + a);
/**
* 解法 3:charCodeAt,charFromCode
*/
let code = "a".charCodeAt(0);
let count = 0;
Object.defineProperty(this, "a", {get() {let char = String.fromCharCode(code + count);
count++;
return char;
},
});
console.log(a + a + a); // 'abc'
/**
* 解法 3(优化版一):外部变量 this._count 和_code
*/
Object.defineProperty(this, "a", {get() {let _code = "a".charCodeAt(0);
this._count = this._count || 0;
let char = String.fromCharCode(_code + this._count);
this._count++;
return char;
},
});
console.log(a + a + a); // 'abc'
/**
* 解法 3(优化版二):外部变量 this._code
*/
Object.defineProperty(this, "a", {get() {this._code = this._code || "a".charCodeAt(0);
let char = String.fromCharCode(this._code);
this._code++;
return char;
},
});
console.log(a + a + a); // 'abc'
/*
题目扩大: 打印 `a...z`
a+a+a; //'abc'
a+a+a+a; //'abcd'
*/
/**
* charCodeAt,charFromCode
*/
let code = "a".charCodeAt(0);
let count = 0;
Object.defineProperty(this, "a", {get() {let char = String.fromCharCode(code + count);
if (count >= 26) {return "";}
count++;
return char;
},
});
// 打印‘abc’console.log(a + a + a); // 'abc'
// 打印‘abcd’let code = "a".charCodeAt(0);
let count = 0;
// {... 定义 a...}
console.log(a + a + a); // 'abcd'
// 打印‘abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz’let code = "a".charCodeAt(0);
let count = 0;
// {... 定义 a...}
let str = "";
for (let i = 0; i < 27; i++) {str += a;}
console.log(str); // "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
/*
题目扩大(优化版): 打印 `a...z`
a+a+a; //'abc'
a+a+a+a; //'abcd'
*/
Object.defineProperty(this, "a", {get() {this._code = this._code || "a".charCodeAt(0);
let char = String.fromCharCode(this._code);
if (this._code >= "a".charCodeAt(0) + 26) {return "";}
this._code++;
return char;
},
});
// 打印‘abc’console.log(a + a + a); // 'abc'
实现一个 Event 模块
/**
* 阐明:简略实现一个事件订阅机制,具备监听 on 和触发 emit 办法
* 示例:* on(event, func){...}
* emit(event, ...args){...}
* once(event, func){...}
* off(event, func){...}
* const event = new EventEmitter();
* event.on('someEvent', (...args) => {* console.log('some_event triggered', ...args);
* });
* event.emit('someEvent', 'abc', '123');
* event.once('someEvent', (...args) => {* console.log('some_event triggered', ...args);
* });
* event.off('someEvent', callbackPointer); // callbackPointer 为回调指针,不能是匿名函数
*/
class EventEmitter {constructor() {this.listeners = [];
}
on(event, func) {const callback = () => (listener) => listener.name === event;
const idx = this.listeners.findIndex(callback);
if (idx === -1) {
this.listeners.push({
name: event,
callbacks: [func],
});
} else {this.listeners[idx].callbacks.push(func);
}
}
emit(event, ...args) {if (this.listeners.length === 0) return;
const callback = () => (listener) => listener.name === event;
const idx = this.listeners.findIndex(callback);
this.listeners[idx].callbacks.forEach((cb) => {cb(...args);
});
}
once(event, func) {const callback = () => (listener) => listener.name === event;
let idx = this.listeners.findIndex(callback);
if (idx === -1) {
this.listeners.push({
name: event,
callbacks: [func],
});
}
}
off(event, func) {if (this.listeners.length === 0) return;
const callback = () => (listener) => listener.name === event;
let idx = this.listeners.findIndex(callback);
if (idx !== -1) {let callbacks = this.listeners[idx].callbacks;
for (let i = 0; i < callbacks.length; i++) {if (callbacks[i] === func) {callbacks.splice(i, 1);
break;
}
}
}
}
}
// let event = new EventEmitter();
// let onceCallback = (...args) => {// console.log("once_event triggered", ...args);
// };
// let onceCallback1 = (...args) => {// console.log("once_event 1 triggered", ...args);
// };
// // once 仅监听一次
// event.once("onceEvent", onceCallback);
// event.once("onceEvent", onceCallback1);
// event.emit("onceEvent", "abc", "123");
// // off 销毁指定回调
// let onCallback = (...args) => {// console.log("on_event triggered", ...args);
// };
// let onCallback1 = (...args) => {// console.log("on_event 1 triggered", ...args);
// };
// event.on("onEvent", onCallback);
// event.on("onEvent", onCallback1);
// event.emit("onEvent", "abc", "123");
// event.off("onEvent", onCallback);
// event.emit("onEvent", "abc", "123");
大整数相加
/**
* 请通过代码实现大整数(可能比 Number.MAX_VALUE 大)相加运算
* var bigint1 = new BigInt('1231230');
* var bigint2 = new BigInt('12323123999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999991');
* console.log(bigint1.plus(bigint2))
*/
function BigInt(value) {this.value = value;}
BigInt.prototype.plus = function (bigint) {let aArr = this.value.split("");
let bArr = bigint.value.split("");
let stack = [];
let count = 0;
while (aArr.length !== 0 || bArr.length !== 0) {let aPop = aArr.pop() || 0;
let bPop = bArr.pop() || 0;
let stackBottom = 0;
if (stack.length > count) {stackBottom = stack.shift();
}
let sum = parseInt(aPop) + parseInt(bPop) + parseInt(stackBottom);
if (sum < 10) {stack.unshift(sum);
} else if (sum >= 10) {stack.unshift(sum - 10);
stack.unshift(1);
}
count++;
}
return stack.join("");
};
SuperPerson 继承 Person
// 写一个类 Person,领有属性 age 和 name,领有办法 say(something)
// 再写一个类 Superman,继承 Person,领有本人的属性 power,领有本人的办法 fly(height) ES5 形式
function Person(age, name){
this.age = age;
this.name = name;
}
Person.prototype.say = function(something) {// ...}
function Superman(age, name, power){Person.call(this, age, name, power);
this.power = power;
}
Superman.prototype = Object.create(Person.prototype);
Superman.prototype.constructor = Superman;
Superman.prototype.fly = function(height) {// ...}
let superman = new Superman(25, 'GaoKai', 'strong');
// class 形式
class Person {constructor(age, name){
this.age = age;
this.name = name;
}
say(something){
// ...
console.log("say");
}
}
class Superman extends Person{constructor(age, name, power){super(age, name)
this.power = power;
}
fly(height){
// ...
console.log("fly");
}
}
let superman = new Superman(25, 'GaoKai', 'strong');
字符串暗藏局部内容
/**
* 字符串暗藏局部内容
* 阐明:实现一个办法,接管一个字符串和一个符号,将字符串两头四位按指定符号暗藏
* 1. 符号无指定时应用星号(*)* 2. 接管的字符串小于或等于四位时,返回同样长度的符号串,等同于全暗藏,如 123,暗藏后是 ***
* 3. 字符串长度是大于四位的奇数时,如 123456789,暗藏后是 12****789,奇数多进去的一位在开端
* 示例:* mask('blibaba', '#'); // b####ba
* mask('05716666'); // 05****66
* mask('hello'); // ****o
* mask('abc', '?'); // ???
* mask('哔里巴巴团体', '?'); // 哔???? 团
*/
function mask(str, char = "*") {if(str.length<=4) return char.repeat(str.length);
/* 代码实现 */
let result = "";
let i = Math.floor(str.length / 2) - 1;
let j = Math.floor(str.length / 2);
while(result.length!==str.length){if(j - i <= 4){
result = char + result;
result += char ;
} else {result = (str[i] || "") + result;
result += str[j] ;
}
i--;
j++;
}
return result;
}
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