Webpack 初始化
const webpack = require("webpack");
const config = require("./webpack.config");
const compiler = webpack(config);
compiler.run();
尽管大部分状况都在用 cli 或者 dev-server 跑 webpack, 它们能提供很多命令,接管参数,配置不同的 npm script 去跑不同的 config 等。但它们最终会跑以上代码的时候,开始进行打包的工作。当然,监听文件改变是用compiler.watch
webpack(config)
首先执行const compiler = webpack(config)
webpack.js
const webpack = ((options, callback) => {
//...
const webpackOptions = (options);
// 构建 compiler
compiler = createCompiler(webpackOptions);
//...
return {compiler};
}
);
const createCompiler = rawOptions => {
// 将没解决过的 options 进行解决
const options = getNormalizedWebpackOptions(rawOptions);
// 设置 default 值
applyWebpackOptionsBaseDefaults(options);
const compiler = new Compiler(options.context, options);
//NodeEnvironmentPlugin 会引入独立库(enhanced-resolve, NodeWatchFileSystem)来加强 Node 模块
new NodeEnvironmentPlugin({infrastructureLogging: options.infrastructureLogging}).apply(compiler);
// 注册内部 plugin
if (Array.isArray(options.plugins)) {for (const plugin of options.plugins) {if (typeof plugin === "function") {plugin.call(compiler, compiler);
} else {plugin.apply(compiler);
}
}
}
applyWebpackOptionsDefaults(options);
//...
new WebpackOptionsApply().process(options, compiler);
return compiler;
};
首先 webpack 会拿到 options,并且调用 createCompiler(options)
生成 compiler 实例并返回。
getNormalizedWebpackOptions
会先解决 options, 传进来的 options 并不是拿来就用,有许多配置须要解决。
//getNormalizedWebpackOptions.js
const getNormalizedWebpackOptions = config => {
return {
cache: optionalNestedConfig(config.cache, cache => {if (cache === false) return false;
if (cache === true) {
return {
type: "memory",
maxGenerations: undefined
};
}
switch (cache.type) {
case "filesystem":
return {//....};
case undefined:
case "memory":
return {
type: "memory",
maxGenerations: cache.maxGenerations
};
default:
throw new Error(`Not implemented cache.type ${cache.type}`);
}
}),
devServer: optionalNestedConfig(config.devServer, devServer => ({...devServer})),
entry:
config.entry === undefined
? {main: {} }
: typeof config.entry === "function"
? (fn => () =>
Promise.resolve().then(fn).then(getNormalizedEntryStatic)
)(config.entry)
: getNormalizedEntryStatic(config.entry)
}
//...
applyWebpackOptionsBaseDefaults
和 applyWebpackOptionsDefaults
都是给没设置的根本配置加上默认值,先执行后面的是因为须要抛出 options 给上面的 NodeEnvironmentPlugin
应用
// 如果没有该属性就设置工厂函数的返回值
const F = (obj, prop, factory) => {if (obj[prop] === undefined) {obj[prop] = factory();}
};
// 如果没有该属性就进行设置
const D = (obj, prop, value) => {if (obj[prop] === undefined) {obj[prop] = value;
}
};
const applyWebpackOptionsBaseDefaults = options => {
//...
F(infrastructureLogging, "stream", () => process.stderr);
D(infrastructureLogging, "level", "info");
D(infrastructureLogging, "debug", false);
D(infrastructureLogging, "colors", tty);
D(infrastructureLogging, "appendOnly", !tty);
};
const applyWebpackOptionsDefaults = options => {F(options, "context", () => process.cwd());
F(options, "target", () => {return getDefaultTarget(options.context);
});
//...
F(options, "devtool", () => (development ? "eval" : false));
D(options, "watch", false);
//...
}
解决完 options 之后就会实例化生成 Compiler 对象,这时候就能够往 Compiler 注入插件。它们会执行所有 options.plugins 里的 apply 办法,写过插件的人都晓得,编写插件须要裸露 apply 函数,并且失去 Compiler 对象往 compiler.hooks 里注入钩子, 如果不分明 hook 的用法,倡议读我写的这篇文章。
最初调用 new WebpackOptionsApply().process(options, compiler)
办法,为该有的配置去注册相应的插件。初始化 Compiler 的工作就实现了
//WebpackOptionsApply.js
//....
if (options.externals) {const ExternalsPlugin = require("./ExternalsPlugin");
new ExternalsPlugin(options.externalsType, options.externals).apply(compiler);
}
if (options.optimization.usedExports) {const FlagDependencyUsagePlugin = require("./FlagDependencyUsagePlugin");
new FlagDependencyUsagePlugin(options.optimization.usedExports === "global").apply(compiler);
}
//....
compiler.run()
run(callback) {
//...
const run = () => {
//...
this.compile(onCompiled);
});
};
run()}
//....
compile(callback) {
// 获取生成 Compilation 须要的参数
const params = this.newCompilationParams();
this.hooks.beforeCompile.callAsync(params, err => {if (err) return callback(err);
this.hooks.compile.call(params);
// 生成 compilation
const compilation = this.newCompilation(params);
const logger = compilation.getLogger("webpack.Compiler");
logger.time("make hook");
this.hooks.make.callAsync(compilation, err => {//...});
});
}
run 办法里会调用一些钩子与记录信息,在这里并不重要,次要在于this.compile(onCompiled)
,onCompiled 是最终 seal 阶段之后的会执行的回调。
生成 Compilation
compile 函数首先会生成 params 给实例化 Compilation 作为参数
newCompilationParams() {
const params = {normalModuleFactory: this.createNormalModuleFactory(),
contextModuleFactory: this.createContextModuleFactory()};
return params;
}
const params = this.newCompilationParams();
normalModuleFactory 会生成 normalModule,webpack 里的模块就是 normalModule 对象。contextModuleFactory 会生成 contextModule,它是为了解决(require.context 援用进来的模块。
createCompilation(params) {this._cleanupLastCompilation();
// 依据参数实例化 Compilation
return (this._lastCompilation = new Compilation(this, params));
}
newCompilation(params) {
// 实例化 Compilation
const compilation = this.createCompilation(params);
compilation.name = this.name;
compilation.records = this.records;
// 注册钩子
this.hooks.thisCompilation.call(compilation, params);
// 注册钩子
this.hooks.compilation.call(compilation, params);
return compilation;
}
newCompilation 会调用 createCompilation 实例化 Compilation 对象, 并且调用钩子。
因为这时候 compiler 对象曾经有了 compilation 和 normalModule,所以能够传递给插件应用它们 , 或给它们的钩子注入函数实现相干性能。
在 thisCompilation 钩子里的插件有九个,compilation 钩子甚至有四十几个,它们都是些外部插件。
thisCompilation.taps
Compilation.taps
ruleSetCompiler
在实例化 normalModuleFactory 的时候还会对 rule 进行解决,能够为之后解决模块的时候判断应用什么 loader
//normalModuleFactory.js
const ruleSetCompiler = new RuleSetCompiler([new BasicMatcherRulePlugin("test", "resource"),
new BasicMatcherRulePlugin("scheme"),
new BasicMatcherRulePlugin("mimetype"),
new BasicMatcherRulePlugin("dependency"),
new BasicMatcherRulePlugin("include", "resource"),
new BasicMatcherRulePlugin("exclude", "resource", true),
//...
]);
class normalModuleFactory {construator() {
//...
this.ruleSet = ruleSetCompiler.compile([
{rules: options.defaultRules},
{rules: options.rules}
]);
//...
}
}
实例化 ruleSetCompiler 的时候会把本人作为参数给插件用。而后调用 compile,将 options.rules 和 options.defaultRules 传入进去。defaultRules 是在 applyWebpackOptionsDefaults 的时候生成的默认 rules。
//RuleSetCompiler.js
class RuleSetCompiler {constructor(plugins) {
this.hooks = Object.freeze({//...});
if (plugins) {for (const plugin of plugins) {plugin.apply(this);
}
}
}
compile(ruleSet) {const refs = new Map();
// 编译 rules
const rules = this.compileRules("ruleSet", ruleSet, refs);
// 用于依据 rule 抛出对应的 loader
const execRule = (data, rule, effects) => {//..};
return {
references: refs,
exec: data => {/** @type {Effect[]} */
const effects = [];
for (const rule of rules) {execRule(data, rule, effects);
}
return effects;
}
};
}
compileRules(path, rules, refs) {return rules.map((rule, i) =>
// 递归 options.rules 和 options.defaultRules
this.compileRule(`${path}[${i}]`, rule, refs)
);
}
compileRule(path, rule, refs) {//...}
RuleSetCompiler.compile 会调用 compileRules(“ruleSet”, ruleSet, refs)拼凑 path 并递归进行解决。
第一次调用 compileRules 传进来的 path 为ruleSet
,ruleSet 是下面蕴含 options.rules 和 options.defaultRules 的数组。
compileRule = (path, rule, refs) => {
const unhandledProperties = new Set(Object.keys(rule).filter(key => rule[key] !== undefined)
);
/** @type {CompiledRule} */
const compiledRule = {conditions: [],
effects: [],
rules: undefined,
oneOf: undefined
};
// 判断是否含有 rules 的某些参数以退出到 compiledRule 里
this.hooks.rule.call(path, rule, unhandledProperties, compiledRule, refs);
// 判断 key 是否蕴含 rules
if (unhandledProperties.has("rules")) {unhandledProperties.delete("rules");
const rules = rule.rules;
if (!Array.isArray(rules))
throw this.error(path, rules, "Rule.rules must be an array of rules");
compiledRule.rules = this.compileRules(`${path}.rules`, rules, refs);
}
// 判断 key 是否蕴含 oneOf
if (unhandledProperties.has("oneOf")) {unhandledProperties.delete("oneOf");
const oneOf = rule.oneOf;
if (!Array.isArray(oneOf))
throw this.error(path, oneOf, "Rule.oneOf must be an array of rules");
compiledRule.oneOf = this.compileRules(`${path}.oneOf`, oneOf, refs);
}
if (unhandledProperties.size > 0) {
throw this.error(
path,
rule,
`Properties ${Array.from(unhandledProperties).join(",")} are unknown`
);
}
return compiledRule;
}
compileRule 会递归解决所有含有 rules 和 oneOf 的嵌套对象,比方传进来的 path 为 rulSet[0]
,所以会取第一个对象为 options.defaultRules。而后 unhandledProperties 会取出数组每个 Object keys,options.defaultRules 对象的 key 为 ’rules’,所以满足 unhandledProperties.has(“rules”)。会调用compiledRule.rules = this.compileRules(`${path}.rules`, rules, refs)
递归 defaultRules 数组
第二次递归 path 为rulSet[0].rules[0]
, 而后会调用 this.hooks.rule.call 解决 defaultRules 里的每个规定。钩子会调用之前注册的 BasicMatcherRulePlugin 对 rules 的属性生成不同的 conditions
class BasicMatcherRulePlugin {constructor(ruleProperty, dataProperty, invert) {
this.ruleProperty = ruleProperty;
this.dataProperty = dataProperty || ruleProperty;
this.invert = invert || false;
}
apply(ruleSetCompiler) {
ruleSetCompiler.hooks.rule.tap(
"BasicMatcherRulePlugin",
(path, rule, unhandledProperties, result) => {if (unhandledProperties.has(this.ruleProperty)) {unhandledProperties.delete(this.ruleProperty);
const value = rule[this.ruleProperty];
// 生成 Condition
const condition = ruleSetCompiler.compileCondition(`${path}.${this.ruleProperty}`,
value
);
const fn = condition.fn;
// 增加到 compileRule 里
result.conditions.push({
property: this.dataProperty,
matchWhenEmpty: this.invert
? !condition.matchWhenEmpty
: condition.matchWhenEmpty,
fn: this.invert ? v => !fn(v) : fn
});
}
}
);
}
}
比方 rule 为 {test: /\.js/ , use: babel-loader}
,插件new BasicMatcherRulePlugin("test", "resource")
会解决所有蕴含 test 属性的 rules,会生成如下:
[
{
conditions: [{ property: "resource", matchWhenEmpty: false, fn:v => typeof v === "string" && condition.test(v) },
{property: "resource", matchWhenEmpty: true, fn:v => !fn(v) }
],
effects: [{type: "use", value: { loader: "babel-loader"} }]
}
];
condition 就是/\.js/
,对于之后调用 exec 解析 js 模块就会抛出babel-loader
。解决完所有的 rules 后,RuleSetCompiler.compile 会返回如下对象
{
references: refs,
//exec 会对模块名执行合乎的 condition 并抛出 effects 数组,effects 蕴含对应的 loader 信息
exec: data => {/** @type {Effect[]} */
const effects = [];
for (const rule of rules) {execRule(data, rule, effects);
}
return effects;
}
};
之后只有执行 RuleSetCompiler.exec()就能返回绝对应的 loader,应用办法如下
this.ruleSet.exec({
resource: resourceDataForRules.path, // 资源的绝对路径
realResource: resourceData.path,
resourceQuery: resourceDataForRules.query, // 资源携带的 query string
resourceFragment: resourceDataForRules.fragment,
scheme, //URL 计划 , 列如,data,file
assertions,
mimetype: matchResourceData
? "": resourceData.data.mimetype ||"", // mimetype
dependency: dependencyType, // 依赖类型
descriptionData: matchResourceData // 形容文件数据,比方 package.json
? undefined
: resourceData.data.descriptionFileData,
issuer: contextInfo.issuer, // 发动申请的模块
compiler: contextInfo.compiler, // 以后 webpack 的 compiler
issuerLayer: contextInfo.issuerLayer || ""
});
到这里,生成 compilation 的工作就做完了,持续 Compiler 的钩子流程,之后就是调用 this.hooks.make.callAsync
办法了,开始从入口构建模块。之后会有很多 async hook 的代码,因为是异步的起因所以会有 callback hell 问题,浏览起来特地恶心,而且因为 async hook 里能够是 setTimeout,源码实现也并没有返回 promise,所以也不能应用 async await 解决回调问题
总结
以上就是一些初始化的代码,解决 options,rules,注册插件,实例化 normalModule,compilation 对象,调用钩子传递对象给插件应用等。所有的工作做完了,会调用 make hook 开始前面的构建环节。