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Formatting Context简略了解,就是定义了布局规定的一片区域。它的类型包含:
- Block Formatting Context,简称BFC
- Inline Formatting Context,简称IFC
- Flex Formatting Context,简称FFC
- Grid Formatting Context,简称GFC
Block Formatting Context(BFC)
A block formatting context is a part of a visual CSS rendering of a web page. It’s the region in which the layout of block boxes occurs and in which floats interact with other elements.
Block Formatting Context(BFC) 是web页面可视化CSS渲染的一部分,它是块级盒占据和float与其余元素相互作用的区域。
从定义来看,BFC是一块area、region,也就是页面上的一部分区域,这块区域上有块级盒、float,并且规定了它们的布局规定。
Formatting contexts affect layout, but typically, we create a new block formatting context for the positioning and clearing floats rather than changing the layout, because an element that establishes a new block formatting context will:
- contain internal floats.
- exclude external floats.
- suppress margin collapsing.
Formatting context影响布局,但一般来说,咱们会创立一个新的BFC,用于定位和革除float而不是来扭转布局,因为建设了BFC的一个元素会:
- 蕴含外部float
- 排除内部float
- 阻止外边距重叠
上面用例子开展阐明下面三条规定。
BFC的三条规定
蕴含外部float
- 当一个元素没有BFC时:
HTML
<section>
<div class="box">
<div class="float">I am a floated box!</div>
<p>I am content inside the container.</p>
</div>
</section>
CSS
section {
height: 150px;
}
.box {
background-color: rgb(224, 206, 247);
border: 5px solid rebeccapurple;
}
.float {
float: left;
width: 200px;
height: 100px;
background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);
border: 1px solid black;
padding: 10px;
}
- 当元素的属性
overflow
不等于visible
时,该元素会创立BFC:
HTML
<section>
<div class="box">
<div class="float">I am a floated box!</div>
<p>I am content inside the container.</p>
</div>
</section>
<!-- 增加新的section比照 -->
<section>
<div class="box" style="overflow: auto;">
<div class="float">I am a floated box!</div>
<p>I am content inside the container.</p>
</div>
</section>
-
应用
display: flow-root
创立BFC。尽管块级元素的
overflow
不为visible
或clip
时能够创立BFC,然而它有很大的毛病——偏离overflow
的原意,overflow
是用于设定内容超出容器时的动作,如果单纯为了创立BFC而应用overflow
,那么最终款式成果可能出其不意,并且足够蛊惑误导将来看这段代码的小伙伴。应用
display: flow-root
的益处:创立BFC并且不会有副作用。
HTML
<section>
<div class="box">
<div class="float">I am a floated box!</div>
<p>I am content inside the container.</p>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<div class="box" style="overflow: auto;">
<div class="float">I am a floated box!</div>
<p>I am content inside the container.</p>
</div>
</section>
<!-- 增加新的section比照 -->
<section>
<div class="box" style="display: flow-root">
<div class="float">I am a floated box!</div>
<p>I am content inside the container.</p>
</div>
</section>
排除内部float
当一个元素挨着另外一个float时:
HTML
<section>
<div class="float">I am float</div>
<div class="box">
<p>Normal</p>
</div>
</section>
CSS
section {
height: 150px;
}
.box {
background-color: rgb(224, 206, 247);
border: 5px solid rebeccapurple;
}
.float {
float: left;
overflow: hidden;
margin-right: 25px;
width: 200px;
height: 100px;
background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .75);
border: 1px solid black;
padding: 10px;
}
通过display: flow-root
为元素加上BFC后:
阻止外边距折叠
外边距折叠指垂直方向的外边距折叠,原则上是可能折叠就折叠,次要有三种状况[3]:
- 相邻元素外边距折叠,这是最常见的;
- 父元素和子孙元素没有离开(被边框、内边距、BFC等离开)是外边距也会折叠;
- 空元素没有内容(没有content,边框,内边距时)它的上下边距会折叠在一起。
看例子,当没有BFC时:
HTML
<div class="blue"></div>
<div class="outer">
<div class="inner">red inner</div>
</div>
CSS
.blue {
height: 50px;
margin: 10px 0;
background: blue;
}
.outer {
background: red;
}
.inner {
height: 80px;
margin: 10px 0;
background-color: coral;
}
当创立了BFC后,外边距的折叠会被阻止:
创立BFC
A block formatting context is created by at least one of the following:
- The root element of the document (
<html>
).- Floats (elements where
float
isn’tnone
).- Absolutely positioned elements (elements where
position
isabsolute
orfixed
).- Inline-blocks (elements with
display
`: inline-block`).- Table cells (elements with
display
`: table-cell`, which is the default for HTML table cells).- Table captions (elements with
display
`: table-caption`, which is the default for HTML table captions).- Anonymous table cells implicitly created by the elements with
display
:table
,table-row
,table-row-group
,table-header-group
,table-footer-group
(which is the default for HTML tables, table rows, table bodies, table headers, and table footers, respectively), orinline-table
.- Block elements where
overflow
has a value other thanvisible
andclip
.display
:flow-root
.- Elements with
contain
:layout
,content
, orpaint
.- Flex items (direct children of the element with
display
:flex
orinline-flex
) if they are neither flex nor grid nor table containers themselves.- Grid items (direct children of the element with
display
:grid
orinline-grid
) if they are neither flexnor grid nor table containers themselves.- Multicol containers (elements where
column-count
orcolumn-width
isn’tauto
, including elements withcolumn-count: 1
).column-span
:all
should always create a new formatting context, even when thecolumn-span: all
element isn’t contained by a multicol container (Spec change Chrome bug[4])
如下状况会创立BFC:
- 文档的根元素(
<html>
)。 - Float(元素的
float
属性值不为none
)。 - 相对定位元素(元素的
position
属性值为absolute
或者fix
)。 - Inline-block(元素带有
display:inline-block
)。 - 表格单元(元素带有
display: table-cell
,它是HTML表格单元的默认属性值)。 - 表格题目(元素带有
display: table-caption
,它时HTML表格题目的默认属性值)。 - 匿名的表格单元,它会隐式地被
display
:table, table-row, table-row-group, table-header-group, table-footer-group
(它们别离是表格、表格行、表格体、表格脚的默认属性值),inline-table
所创立。 - 块级元素的
overflow
属性不为visible
和clip
。 display: flow-root
。- 元素有
contain
:layout
,content
或者paint
。 - 自身即不是弹性容器、不是网格容器、也不是表格的Flex我的项目(元素带有
display
:flex
或者inline-flex
的间接子元素)。 - 自身即不是弹性容器、不是网格容器、也不是表格的Grid我的项目(元素带有
display
:grid
或者inline-grid
的间接子元素)。 - 多列容器(元素的
column-count
或者column-width
不为auto
,包含column-count: 1
的元素)。 column-span: all
应该永远创立一个新的formatting context,即便column-span: all
元素没有被多行容器所包含(标准扭转[4],Chrome Bug[5])。
Inline Formatting Context(IFC)
Inline formatting contexts exist inside other formatting contexts and can be thought of as the context of a paragraph. The paragraph creates an inline formatting context inside which such things as
<strong>
,<a>
, or<span>
elements are used on text.
Inline formatting context 存在于其余formatting context外面,并且能够看作是paragraph的context。paragraph创立一个inline formatting context。paragraph会在用于文本的<strong>
,<a>
或者<span>
的元素上创立IFC。
The box model does not fully apply to items participating in an inline formatting context. In a horizontal writing mode line, horizontal padding, borders and margin will be applied to the element and push the text away left and right. However, margins above and below the element will not be applied. Vertical padding and borders will be applied but may overlap content above and below as, in the inline formatting context, the line boxes will not be pushed apart by padding and borders.
盒模型不会齐全利用于带有IFC的元素。在程度写模式线、程度内边距、边框和外边距会利用于元素上,并把文字推向左右。然鹅,元素的上边距和下边距不会被利用。垂直内边距和边框会被利用当可能笼罩下面或者上面的内容,因为在IFC中,内联盒子不会被内边距和边框所推开。
HTML
<p>Before that night—<strong>a memorable night</strong>, as it was to prove—hundreds of millions of people had watched the rising smoke-wreaths of their fires without drawing any special inspiration from the fact.”</p>
CSS
strong {
margin: 20px;
padding: 20px;
border: 5px solid rebeccapurple;
}
Flex Formatting Context(FFC) 和 Grid Formatting Context(GFC)
除了蕴含外部float(因为在弹性容器或者网格容器外面不存在float子元素),其余都和BFC一样:
- 排除内部float
- 阻止外边距折叠
总结
Formatting Context能够看作是某块区域,这块区域规定了其上元素的布局规定。Formatting Context次要又4种,BFC、IFC、FFC和GFC。
其中BFC最为重要,当一块元素随同这BFC时,会产生:
- 蕴含外部float
- 排除内部float
- 组织外边距折叠
FFC和GFC除了子孙元素没有float之外,都和BFC一样有2和3。
IFC跟内联元素成果一样,都是垂直方向外边距有效[6]。
REFERENCE
[1] https://developer.mozilla.org…
[2] https://developer.mozilla.org…
[3] https://gitee.com/gooder4j/co…
[4] https://github.com/w3c/csswg-…
[5] https://bugs.chromium.org/p/c…
[6] https://gitee.com/gooder4j/co…