关于前端:centos7安装glibc228

centos7 默认的 gcc 版本是 4.8.5，无奈编译高版本的 glibc 2.28，须要降级到 gcc 8.2 版本

注：gcc 高版本和 glibc 2.28 不兼容

## 查看自带默认的 glibc
strings /lib64/lib.so.6 | grep GLIBC

# 查看 glibc 软件版本号
rpm -qa | grep glibc

降级 gcc

降级 glibc

1. 装置 gcc-8.2.0 依赖环境

yum install bison -y
yum -y install wget bzip2 gcc gcc-c++ glib-headers

2. 降级 GNU make 到 make 4.2

wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/make-4.2.1.tar.gz
tar -zxvf make-4.2.1.tar.gz
cd make-4.2.1
mkdir build
cd build
../configure --prefix=/usr/local/make && make && make install
export PATH=/usr/local/make/bin:$PATH
ln -s /usr/local/make/bin/make /usr/local/make/bin/gmake
make -v

# 昨天应用这段命令装置的
wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/make-4.2.tar.gz
tar -xzvf make-4.2.tar.gz
cd make-4.2
sudo ./configure
sudo make
sudo make install
sudo rm -rf /usr/bin/make
sudo cp ./make /usr/bin/
make -v

3. 装置 Python3.8

wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.0/Python-3.8.0.tar.xz
xz -d Python-3.8.0.tar.xz
tar xf Python-3.8.0.tar
cd Python-3.8.0
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3
make -j 2 && make install
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3

• 装置 python3 make 时报错 Failed to build these modules: _ctypes

  yum install -y libffi-devel

• 谬误提醒：Python requires an OpenSSL 1.0.2 or 1.1 compatible libssl with X509_VERIFY_P

  装置 libressl

  # 下载源码包
  wget https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/LibreSSL/libressl-3.0.2.tar.gz
  # 解压
  tar -zxvf libressl-3.0.2.tar.gz
  # 配置装置门路
  mkdir /usr/local/libressl
  cd libressl-3.0.2
  ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libressl
  # 装置
  make 
  make install
  # 创立软连贯代替 openssl
  mv /usr/bin/openssl /usr/bin/openssl.bak
  mv /usr/include/openssl /usr/include/openssl.bak
  ln -s /usr/local/libressl/bin/openssl /usr/bin/openssl
  ln -s /usr/local/libressl/include/openssl /usr/include/openssl
  echo /usr/local/libressl/lib >> /etc/ld.so.conf.d/libressl-3.0.2.conf
  ldconfig -v
  # 验证是否装置实现
  openssl version

  • 谬误提醒：echo 权限不够

    # 要给 echo 整条命令加单引号
    sudo sh -c 'echo /usr/local/libressl/lib >> /etc/ld.so.conf.d/libressl-3.0.2.conf'

• 谬误提醒：zlib not available

  # 装置依赖
  sudo yum install zlib-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel readline-devel sqlite sqlite-devel openssl-devel xz xz-devel libffi-devel

4. 装置 gcc8.2.0

# 下载并解压
wdget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/gnu/gcc/gcc-8.2.0/gcc-8.2.0.tar.gz
tar xf gcc-8.2.0.tar.gz
cd gcc-8.2.0
# 下载 gmp mpfr mpc 等供编译需要的依赖项
./contrib/download_prerequisites
# 配置
mkdir build
cd build
../configure --prefix=/usr/local/gcc-8.2.0 --enable-bootstrap --enable-checking=release --enable-languages=c,c++ --disable-multilib
# 编译装置
make -j 2
make install
# 批改环境变量，使得 gcc-8.2.0 为默认的 gcc
vi /etc/profile.d/gcc.sh
# 导出头文件
[yy@localhost profile.d]$ sudo ln -sv /usr/local/gcc-8.2.0/include/ /usr/include/gcc
"/usr/include/gcc/include" -> "/usr/local/gcc-8.2.0/include/"

5. 因为之前装置了 gcc11.2 须要做一下批改

# 利用环境变量
echo -e '\nexport PATH=/usr/local/gcc-8.2.0/bin:$PATH\n' >> /etc/profile.d/gcc.sh
source /etc/profile.d/gcc.sh

# 删除库文件
sudo rm /etc/ld.so.conf.d/gcc.conf
# 设置库文件
touch /etc/ld.so.conf.d/gcc.conf
chmod 777 /etc/ld.so.conf.d/gcc.conf 
echo -e "/usr/local/gcc-8.2.0/lib64" >> /etc/ld.so.conf.d/gcc.conf
# 加载动静连贯库
ldconfig -v
# 查看 gcc
ldconfig -p |grep gcc

# 重启服务器
reboot

6. 配置 glibc2.28 还是报错 compiler

# 尝试昨天失败的命令
sudo sh -c 'echo"source /opt/rh/devtoolset-8/enable" >>/etc/profile‘

../configure 命令胜利

7. 编译

sudo make 
sudo make install

make install 的报错

能够不必管

8. 验证是否胜利

[yy@localhost build]$ strings /usr/local/gcc-8.2.0/lib64/libstdc++.so.6 | grep GLIBCXX_
GLIBCXX_3.4
GLIBCXX_3.4.1
GLIBCXX_3.4.2
GLIBCXX_3.4.3
GLIBCXX_3.4.4
GLIBCXX_3.4.5
GLIBCXX_3.4.6
GLIBCXX_3.4.7
GLIBCXX_3.4.8
GLIBCXX_3.4.9
GLIBCXX_3.4.10
GLIBCXX_3.4.11
GLIBCXX_3.4.12
GLIBCXX_3.4.13
GLIBCXX_3.4.14
GLIBCXX_3.4.15
GLIBCXX_3.4.16
GLIBCXX_3.4.17
GLIBCXX_3.4.18
GLIBCXX_3.4.19
GLIBCXX_3.4.20
GLIBCXX_3.4.21
GLIBCXX_3.4.22
GLIBCXX_3.4.23
GLIBCXX_3.4.24
GLIBCXX_3.4.25
...

[yy@localhost build]$ strings /lib64/libc.so.6 | grep GLIBC
GLIBC_2.2.5
GLIBC_2.2.6
GLIBC_2.3
GLIBC_2.3.2
GLIBC_2.3.3
GLIBC_2.3.4
GLIBC_2.4
GLIBC_2.5
GLIBC_2.6
GLIBC_2.7
GLIBC_2.8
GLIBC_2.9
GLIBC_2.10
GLIBC_2.11
GLIBC_2.12
GLIBC_2.13
GLIBC_2.14
GLIBC_2.15
GLIBC_2.16
GLIBC_2.17
GLIBC_2.18
GLIBC_2.22
GLIBC_2.23
GLIBC_2.24
GLIBC_2.25
GLIBC_2.26
GLIBC_2.27
GLIBC_2.28
GLIBC_PRIVATE
...

[yy@localhost build]$ ldd --version
ldd (GNU libc) 2.28
Copyright (C) 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
Written by Roland McGrath and Ulrich Drepper.