绪论

本期是对腾讯热播剧——雪中悍刀行的一次爬虫与数据分析，耗时一个小时，总爬取条数 1W 条评论，很适宜新人练手，值得注意的一点是评论的情绪文本剖析解决，这是第一次接触的常识。

爬虫方面：因为腾讯的评论数据是封装在 json 外面，所以只须要找到 json 文件，对须要的数据进行提取保留即可。

• 视频网址：https://v.qq.com/x/cover/mzc0…
• 评论 json 数据网址：https://video.coral.qq.com/va…
• 注：只有替换视频数字 id 的值，即可爬取其余视频的评论

如何查找视频 id？

我的项目构造：

一. 爬虫局部：

1. 爬取评论内容代码：spiders.py

import requests
import re
import random

def get_html(url, params):
    uapools = ['Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_9_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/35.0.1916.153 Safari/537.36',
        'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:30.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/30.0',
        'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_9_2) AppleWebKit/537.75.14 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/7.0.3 Safari/537.75.14'
    ]

    thisua = random.choice(uapools)
    headers = {"User-Agent": thisua}
    r = requests.get(url, headers=headers, params=params)
    r.raise_for_status()
    r.encoding = r.apparent_encoding
    r.encoding = 'utf-8'# 不加此句呈现乱码
    return r.text

def parse_page(infolist, data):
    commentpat = '"content":"(.*?)"'
    lastpat = '"last":"(.*?)"'
    commentall = re.compile(commentpat, re.S).findall(data)
    next_cid = re.compile(lastpat).findall(data)[0]
    infolist.append(commentall)
    return next_cid


def print_comment_list(infolist):
    j = 0
    for page in infolist:
        print('第' + str(j + 1) + '页 \n')
        commentall = page
        for i in range(0, len(commentall)):
            print(commentall[i] + '\n')
        j += 1


def save_to_txt(infolist, path):
    fw = open(path, 'w+', encoding='utf-8')
    j = 0
    for page in infolist:
        #fw.write('第' + str(j + 1) + '页 \n')
        commentall = page
        for i in range(0, len(commentall)):
            fw.write(commentall[i] + '\n')
        j += 1
    fw.close()


def main():
    infolist = []
    vid = '7579013546';
    cid = "0";
    page_num = 3000
    url = 'https://video.coral.qq.com/varticle/' + vid + '/comment/v2'
    #print(url)

    for i in range(page_num):
        params = {'orinum': '10', 'cursor': cid}
        html = get_html(url, params)
        cid = parse_page(infolist, html)


    print_comment_list(infolist)
    save_to_txt(infolist, 'content.txt')


main()

2. 爬取评论工夫代码：sp.py

import requests
import re
import random


def get_html(url, params):
    uapools = ['Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_9_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/35.0.1916.153 Safari/537.36',
        'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:30.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/30.0',
        'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_9_2) AppleWebKit/537.75.14 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/7.0.3 Safari/537.75.14'
    ]

    thisua = random.choice(uapools)
    headers = {"User-Agent": thisua}
    r = requests.get(url, headers=headers, params=params)
    r.raise_for_status()
    r.encoding = r.apparent_encoding
    r.encoding = 'utf-8'# 不加此句呈现乱码
    return r.text


def parse_page(infolist, data):
    commentpat = '"time":"(.*?)"'
    lastpat = '"last":"(.*?)"'

    commentall = re.compile(commentpat, re.S).findall(data)
    next_cid = re.compile(lastpat).findall(data)[0]

    infolist.append(commentall)

    return next_cid



def print_comment_list(infolist):
    j = 0
    for page in infolist:
        print('第' + str(j + 1) + '页 \n')
        commentall = page
        for i in range(0, len(commentall)):
            print(commentall[i] + '\n')
        j += 1


def save_to_txt(infolist, path):
    fw = open(path, 'w+', encoding='utf-8')
    j = 0
    for page in infolist:
        #fw.write('第' + str(j + 1) + '页 \n')
        commentall = page
        for i in range(0, len(commentall)):
            fw.write(commentall[i] + '\n')
        j += 1
    fw.close()


def main():
    infolist = []
    vid = '7579013546';
    cid = "0";
    page_num =3000
    url = 'https://video.coral.qq.com/varticle/' + vid + '/comment/v2'
    #print(url)

    for i in range(page_num):
        params = {'orinum': '10', 'cursor': cid}
        html = get_html(url, params)
        cid = parse_page(infolist, html)


    print_comment_list(infolist)
    save_to_txt(infolist, 'time.txt')


main()

二. 数据处理局部

1. 评论的工夫戳转换为失常工夫 time.py

# coding=gbk
import csv
import time

csvFile = open("data.csv",'w',newline='',encoding='utf-8')
writer = csv.writer(csvFile)
csvRow = []
#print(csvRow)
f = open("time.txt",'r',encoding='utf-8')
for line in f:
    csvRow = int(line)
    #print(csvRow)

    timeArray = time.localtime(csvRow)
    csvRow = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", timeArray)
    print(csvRow)
    csvRow = csvRow.split()
    writer.writerow(csvRow)

f.close()
csvFile.close()

2. 评论内容读入 csv  CD.py

# coding=gbk
import csv
csvFile = open("content.csv",'w',newline='',encoding='utf-8')
writer = csv.writer(csvFile)
csvRow = []

f = open("content.txt",'r',encoding='utf-8')
for line in f:
    csvRow = line.split()
    writer.writerow(csvRow)

f.close()
csvFile.close()

3. 统计一天各个时间段内的评论数 py.py

# coding=gbk
import csv

from pyecharts import options as opts
from sympy.combinatorics import Subset
from wordcloud import WordCloud

with open('../Spiders/data.csv') as csvfile:
    reader = csv.reader(csvfile)

    data1 = [str(row[1])[0:2] for row in reader]

    print(data1)
print(type(data1))


#先变成汇合失去 seq 中的所有元素，防止反复遍历
set_seq = set(data1)
rst = []
for item in set_seq:
    rst.append((item,data1.count(item)))  #增加元素及呈现个数
rst.sort()
print(type(rst))
print(rst)

with open("time2.csv", "w+", newline='', encoding='utf-8') as f:
    writer = csv.writer(f, delimiter=',')
    for i in rst:                # 对于每一行的，将这一行的每个元素别离写在对应的列中
        writer.writerow(i)

with open('time2.csv') as csvfile:
     reader = csv.reader(csvfile)
     x = [str(row[0]) for row in reader]
     print(x)
with open('time2.csv') as csvfile:
    reader = csv.reader(csvfile)
    y1 = [float(row[1]) for row in reader]
    print(y1)

4. 统计最近评论数 py1.py

# coding=gbk
import csv

from pyecharts import options as opts
from sympy.combinatorics import Subset
from wordcloud import WordCloud

with open('../Spiders/data.csv') as csvfile:
    reader = csv.reader(csvfile)

    data1 = [str(row[0]) for row in reader]
    #print(data1)
print(type(data1))


#先变成汇合失去 seq 中的所有元素，防止反复遍历
set_seq = set(data1)
rst = []
for item in set_seq:
    rst.append((item,data1.count(item)))  #增加元素及呈现个数
rst.sort()
print(type(rst))
print(rst)



with open("time1.csv", "w+", newline='', encoding='utf-8') as f:
    writer = csv.writer(f, delimiter=',')
    for i in rst:                # 对于每一行的，将这一行的每个元素别离写在对应的列中
        writer.writerow(i)

with open('time1.csv') as csvfile:
     reader = csv.reader(csvfile)
     x = [str(row[0]) for row in reader]
     print(x)
with open('time1.csv') as csvfile:
    reader = csv.reader(csvfile)
    y1 = [float(row[1]) for row in reader]

    print(y1)

三. 数据分析

数据分析方面：波及到了词云图，条形，折线，饼图，后三者是对评论工夫与主演占比的剖析，然而腾讯的评论工夫是以工夫戳的模式显示，所以要进行转换，再去统计呈现次数，最初，新加了对评论内容的情感剖析。

1. 制作词云图

wc.py

import numpy as np
import re
import jieba
from wordcloud import WordCloud
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from PIL import Image

# 下面的包本人装置，不会的就百度

f = open('content.txt', 'r', encoding='utf-8')  # 这是数据源，也就是想生成词云的数据
txt = f.read()  # 读取文件
f.close()  # 敞开文件，其实用 with 就好，然而懒得改了
# 如果是文章的话，须要用到 jieba 分词，分完之后也能够本人解决下再生成词云
newtxt = re.sub("[A-Za-z0-9!%[],\。]", "", txt)
print(newtxt)
words = jieba.lcut(newtxt)

img = Image.open(r'wc.jpg')  # 想要搞得形态
img_array = np.array(img)

# 相干配置，外面这个 collocations 配置能够防止反复
wordcloud = WordCloud(
    background_color="white",
    width=1080,
    height=960,
    font_path="../ 文悦新青年.otf",
    max_words=150,
    scale=10,# 清晰度
    max_font_size=100,
    mask=img_array,
    collocations=False).generate(newtxt)

plt.imshow(wordcloud)
plt.axis('off')
plt.show()
wordcloud.to_file('wc.png')

轮廓图：wc.jpg

在这里插入图片形容

词云图：result.png（注：这里要把英文字母过滤掉）

2. 制作最近评论数条形图 DrawBar.py

# encoding: utf-8
import csv
import pyecharts.options as opts
from pyecharts.charts import Bar
from pyecharts.globals import ThemeType


class DrawBar(object):

    """绘制柱形图类"""
    def __init__(self):
        """创立柱状图实例，并设置宽高和格调"""
        self.bar = Bar(init_opts=opts.InitOpts(width='1500px', height='700px', theme=ThemeType.LIGHT))

    def add_x(self):
        """为图形增加 X 轴数据"""
        with open('time1.csv') as csvfile:
            reader = csv.reader(csvfile)
            x = [str(row[0]) for row in reader]
            print(x)


        self.bar.add_xaxis(xaxis_data=x,)

    def add_y(self):
        with open('time1.csv') as csvfile:
            reader = csv.reader(csvfile)
            y1 = [float(row[1]) for row in reader]

            print(y1)



        """为图形增加 Y 轴数据，可增加多条"""
        self.bar.add_yaxis(  # 第一个 Y 轴数据
            series_name="评论数",  # Y 轴数据名称
            y_axis=y1,  # Y 轴数据
            label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(is_show=True,color="black"),  # 设置标签
            bar_max_width='100px',  # 设置柱子最大宽度
        )


    def set_global(self):
        """设置图形的全局属性"""
        #self.bar(width=2000,height=1000)
        self.bar.set_global_opts(
            title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(  # 设置题目
                title='雪中悍刀行近日评论统计',title_textstyle_opts=opts.TextStyleOpts(font_size=35)

            ),
            tooltip_opts=opts.TooltipOpts(  # 提示框配置项（鼠标移到图形上时显示的货色）is_show=True,  # 是否显示提示框
                trigger="axis",  # 触发类型（axis 坐标轴触发，鼠标移到时会有一条垂直于 X 轴的实线追随鼠标挪动，并显示提示信息）axis_pointer_type="cross"# 指示器类型（cross 将会生成两条别离垂直于 X 轴和 Y 轴的虚线，不启用 trigger 才会显示齐全）),
            toolbox_opts=opts.ToolboxOpts(),  # 工具箱配置项(什么都不填默认开启所有工具)

        )

    def draw(self):
        """绘制图形"""

        self.add_x()
        self.add_y()
        self.set_global()
        self.bar.render('../Html/DrawBar.html')  # 将图绘制到 test.html 文件内，可在浏览器关上
    def run(self):
        """执行函数"""
        self.draw()



if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = DrawBar()

app.run()

效果图：DrawBar.html

3. 制作每小时评论条形图 DrawBar2.py

# encoding: utf-8
# encoding: utf-8
import csv
import pyecharts.options as opts
from pyecharts.charts import Bar
from pyecharts.globals import ThemeType


class DrawBar(object):

    """绘制柱形图类"""
    def __init__(self):
        """创立柱状图实例，并设置宽高和格调"""
        self.bar = Bar(init_opts=opts.InitOpts(width='1500px', height='700px', theme=ThemeType.MACARONS))

    def add_x(self):
        """为图形增加 X 轴数据"""
        str_name1 = '点'

        with open('time2.csv') as csvfile:
            reader = csv.reader(csvfile)
            x = [str(row[0] + str_name1) for row in reader]
            print(x)


        self.bar.add_xaxis(xaxis_data=x)

    def add_y(self):
        with open('time2.csv') as csvfile:
            reader = csv.reader(csvfile)
            y1 = [int(row[1]) for row in reader]

            print(y1)



        """为图形增加 Y 轴数据，可增加多条"""
        self.bar.add_yaxis(  # 第一个 Y 轴数据
            series_name="评论数",  # Y 轴数据名称
            y_axis=y1,  # Y 轴数据
            label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(is_show=False),  # 设置标签
            bar_max_width='50px',  # 设置柱子最大宽度

        )


    def set_global(self):
        """设置图形的全局属性"""
        #self.bar(width=2000,height=1000)
        self.bar.set_global_opts(
            title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(  # 设置题目
                title='雪中悍刀行各时间段评论统计',title_textstyle_opts=opts.TextStyleOpts(font_size=35)

            ),
            tooltip_opts=opts.TooltipOpts(  # 提示框配置项（鼠标移到图形上时显示的货色）is_show=True,  # 是否显示提示框
                trigger="axis",  # 触发类型（axis 坐标轴触发，鼠标移到时会有一条垂直于 X 轴的实线追随鼠标挪动，并显示提示信息）axis_pointer_type="cross"# 指示器类型（cross 将会生成两条别离垂直于 X 轴和 Y 轴的虚线，不启用 trigger 才会显示齐全）),
            toolbox_opts=opts.ToolboxOpts(),  # 工具箱配置项(什么都不填默认开启所有工具)

        )

    def draw(self):
        """绘制图形"""

        self.add_x()
        self.add_y()
        self.set_global()
        self.bar.render('../Html/DrawBar2.html')  # 将图绘制到 test.html 文件内，可在浏览器关上
    def run(self):
        """执行函数"""
        self.draw()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = DrawBar()

app.run()

效果图：DrawBar2.html

4. 制作近日评论数饼图   pie_pyecharts.py

import csv
from pyecharts import options as opts
from pyecharts.charts import Pie
from random import randint
from pyecharts.globals import ThemeType
with open('time1.csv') as csvfile:
    reader = csv.reader(csvfile)
    x = [str(row[0]) for row in reader]
    print(x)
with open('time1.csv') as csvfile:
    reader = csv.reader(csvfile)
    y1 = [float(row[1]) for row in reader]
    print(y1)
num = y1
lab = x
(Pie(init_opts=opts.InitOpts(width='1700px',height='450px',theme=ThemeType.LIGHT))# 默认 900，600
    .set_global_opts(
        title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="雪中悍刀行近日评论统计",
                                               title_textstyle_opts=opts.TextStyleOpts(font_size=27)),legend_opts=opts.LegendOpts(pos_top="10%", pos_left="1%",# 图例地位调整),)
    .add(series_name='',center=[280, 270], data_pair=[(j, i) for i, j in zip(num, lab)])# 饼图
   .add(series_name='',center=[845, 270],data_pair=[(j,i) for i,j in zip(num,lab)],radius=['40%','75%'])# 环图
    .add(series_name='', center=[1380, 270],data_pair=[(j, i) for i, j in zip(num, lab)], rosetype='radius')# 南丁格尔图
).render('pie_pyecharts.html')

效果图

5. 制作每小时评论饼图  pie_pyecharts2.py

import csv
from pyecharts import options as opts
from pyecharts.charts import Pie
from random import randint
from pyecharts.globals import ThemeType
str_name1 = '点'
with open('time2.csv') as csvfile:
    reader = csv.reader(csvfile)
    x = [str(row[0]+str_name1) for row in reader]
    print(x)
with open('time2.csv') as csvfile:
    reader = csv.reader(csvfile)
    y1 = [int(row[1]) for row in reader]

    print(y1)
num = y1
lab = x
(Pie(init_opts=opts.InitOpts(width='1650px',height='500px',theme=ThemeType.LIGHT,))# 默认 900，600
     .set_global_opts(
        title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="雪中悍刀行每小时评论统计"
                                  ,title_textstyle_opts=opts.TextStyleOpts(font_size=27)),
        legend_opts=opts.LegendOpts(pos_top="8%", pos_left="4%",# 图例地位调整),
    )
    .add(series_name='',center=[250, 300], data_pair=[(j, i) for i, j in zip(num, lab)])# 饼图
    .add(series_name='',center=[810, 300],data_pair=[(j,i) for i,j in zip(num,lab)],radius=['40%','75%'])# 环图
    .add(series_name='', center=[1350, 300],data_pair=[(j, i) for i, j in zip(num, lab)], rosetype='radius')# 南丁格尔图
).render('pie_pyecharts2.html')

效果图

6. 制作观看工夫区间评论统计饼图  pie_pyecharts3.py

# coding=gbk
import csv
from pyecharts import options as opts
from pyecharts.globals import ThemeType
from sympy.combinatorics import Subset
from wordcloud import WordCloud
from pyecharts.charts import Pie
from random import randintwith open(/data.csv') as csvfile:
    reader = csv.reader(csvfile)
    data2 = [int(row[1].strip('')[0:2]) for row in reader]
    #print(data2)
print(type(data2))
#先变成汇合失去 seq 中的所有元素，防止反复遍历
set_seq = set(data2)
list = []
for item in set_seq:
    list.append((item,data2.count(item)))  #增加元素及呈现个数
list.sort()
print(type(list))
#print(list)
with open("time2.csv", "w+", newline='', encoding='utf-8') as f:
    writer = csv.writer(f, delimiter=',')
    for i in list:                # 对于每一行的，将这一行的每个元素别离写在对应的列中
        writer.writerow(i)
n = 4# 分成 n 组
m = int(len(list)/n)
list2 = []
for i in range(0, len(list), m):
    list2.append(list[i:i+m])

print("凌晨 :",list2[0])
print("上午 :",list2[1])
print("下午 :",list2[2])
print("早晨 :",list2[3])

with open('time2.csv') as csvfile:
    reader = csv.reader(csvfile)
    y1 = [int(row[1]) for row in reader]

    print(y1)

n =6
groups = [y1[i:i + n] for i in range(0, len(y1), n)]

print(groups)

x=['凌晨','上午','下午','早晨']
y1=[]
for y1 in groups:
    num_sum = 0
    for groups in y1:
        num_sum += groups
str_name1 = '点'
num = y1
lab = x
(Pie(init_opts=opts.InitOpts(width='1500px',height='450px',theme=ThemeType.LIGHT))# 默认 900，600
        .set_global_opts(
        title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="雪中悍刀行观看工夫区间评论统计"
                                  , title_textstyle_opts=opts.TextStyleOpts(font_size=30)),
        legend_opts=opts.LegendOpts(pos_top="8%",  # 图例地位调整),
    )
    .add(series_name='',center=[260, 270], data_pair=[(j, i) for i, j in zip(num, lab)])# 饼图
   .add(series_name='',center=[1230, 270],data_pair=[(j,i) for i,j in zip(num,lab)],radius=['40%','75%'])# 环图
    .add(series_name='', center=[750, 270],data_pair=[(j, i) for i, j in zip(num, lab)], rosetype='radius')# 南丁格尔图
).render('pie_pyecharts3.html')

效果图

7. 制作雪中悍刀行主演提及占比饼图  pie_pyecharts4.py

import csv
from pyecharts import options as opts
from pyecharts.charts import Pie
from random import randint
from pyecharts.globals import ThemeType
f = open('content.txt', 'r', encoding='utf-8')  # 这是数据源，也就是想生成词云的数据
words = f.read()  # 读取文件
f.close()  # 敞开文件，其实用 with 就好，然而懒得改了

name=["张若昀","李庚希","胡军"]

print(name)
count=[float(words.count("张若昀")),
      float(words.count("李庚希")),
      float(words.count("胡军"))]
print(count)
num = count
lab = name
(Pie(init_opts=opts.InitOpts(width='1650px',height='450px',theme=ThemeType.LIGHT))# 默认 900，600
    .set_global_opts(
        title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="雪中悍刀行主演提及占比",
                                               title_textstyle_opts=opts.TextStyleOpts(font_size=27)),legend_opts=opts.LegendOpts(pos_top="3%", pos_left="33%",# 图例地位调整),)
    .add(series_name='',center=[280, 270], data_pair=[(j, i) for i, j in zip(num, lab)])# 饼图
   .add(series_name='',center=[800, 270],data_pair=[(j,i) for i,j in zip(num,lab)],radius=['40%','75%'])# 环图
    .add(series_name='', center=[1300, 270],data_pair=[(j, i) for i, j in zip(num, lab)], rosetype='radius')# 南丁格尔图
).render('pie_pyecharts4.html')

效果图

8. 评论内容情感剖析  SnowNLP.py

import numpy as np
from snownlp import SnowNLP
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

f = open('content.txt', 'r', encoding='UTF-8')
list = f.readlines()
sentimentslist = []
for i in list:
    s = SnowNLP(i)

    print(s.sentiments)
    sentimentslist.append(s.sentiments)
plt.hist(sentimentslist, bins=np.arange(0, 1, 0.01), facecolor='g')
plt.xlabel('Sentiments Probability')
plt.ylabel('Quantity')
plt.title('Analysis of Sentiments')
plt.show()

效果图（情感各分数段呈现频率）

SnowNLP 情感剖析是基于情感词典实现的，其简略的将文本分为两类，踊跃和消极，返回值为情绪的概率，也就是情感评分在 [0,1] 之间，越靠近 1，情感体现越踊跃，越靠近 0，情感体现越消极。