关于promise:爪哇学习笔记根据PromiseA规范来实现一个promise

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1. 术语

  • promise是一个有 then 办法的对象或函数,它的行为遵循本标准
  • thenable是一个定义了 then 办法的对象或函数
  • value是任意一个非法的 JavaScript 值,是 promise 状态为胜利时的值
  • exception是一个应用 throw 关键字抛出的异样值
  • reason是 promise 状态为失败时的值,示意 promise 失败的起因

2. 标准

2.1 Promise States

一个 promise 必须处于三种状态之一:pending, fulfilled, rejected.

  1. pending

    • 初始状态,可扭转(改变方式只有以下两种)
    • 可由 pending 变为 fulfilled
    • 可由 pending 变为 rejected
  2. fulfilled

    • 最终状态,不可变
    • 必须领有一个 value,且不可变(=== 不可变)
  3. rejected

    • 最终状态,不可变
    • 必须领有一个 reason,且不可变(=== 不可变)

2.2 then 办法

一个 promise 必须提供 then 办法来拜访其以后或最终 value 或 reason
一个 promise 的 then 办法接管两个参数:

promise.then(onFulfilled, onRejected)
  1. onFulfilledonRejected 都是可选参数

    • 如果 onFulfilled 不是函数,则必须疏忽它
    • 如果 onRejected 不是函数,则必须疏忽它
  2. 如果 onFulfilled 是函数

    • 必须在 promise 变成 fulfilled 后调用 onFulfilled, 并把value 作为第一个参数
    • 在 promise 变成 fulfilled 之前, 不应该被调用
    • 只能被调用一次(所以在实现的时候须要一个变量来限度执行次数)
  3. 如果 onRejected 是函数

    • 必须在 promise 变成 rejected 后调用 onRejected, 并把reason 作为第一个参数
    • 在 promise 变成 rejected 之前, 不应该被调用
    • 只能被调用一次(所以在实现的时候须要一个变量来限度执行次数)
  4. 在执行上下文堆栈仅蕴含平台代码之前,不得调用 onFulfilled 或 onRejected。(即应该应用工作的形式来执行这两个回调函数,本次实现应用微工作形式)
  5. onFulfilled 和 onRejected 必须作为函数调用
  6. then 办法在同一个 promise 上能够屡次调用

    • 当 promise 的状态变为 fulfilled 后,所有的 onFulfilled 回调都须要依照 then 的程序执行, 也就是依照注册程序执行(所以在实现的时候须要一个数组来寄存多个 onFulfilled 的回调)
    • 当 promise 状态变成 rejected 后,所有的 onRejected 回调都须要依照 then 的程序执行, 也就是依照注册程序执行(所以在实现的时候须要一个数组来寄存多个 onRejected 的回调)
  7. then 办法必须返回一个 promise

    • 如果 onFulfilled 或 onRejected 返回值 x,则须要调用 Promise Resolution Procedure: [[Resolve]](promise2, x)
    • 如果 onFulfilled 或者 onRejected 执行时抛出异样 e,promise2 必须被 reject,且把 reason 作为参数
    • 如果 onFulfilled 不是一个函数, promise2 以 promise1 的 value 触发 fulfilled
    • 如果 onRejected 不是一个函数, promise2 以 promise1 的 reason 触发 rejected

2.3 The Promise Resolution Procedure

[[Resolve]](promise, x)
  1. 如果 promise2 和 x 相等,那么 reject TypeError
  2. 如果 x 是一个 promsie

    • 如果 x 是 pending 态,那么 promise 必须要在 pending, 直到 x 变成 fulfilled or rejected.
    • 如果 x 被 fulfilled, fulfill promise with the same value.
    • 如果 x 被 rejected, reject promise with the same reason.
  3. 如果 x 是一个 object 或者 是一个 function

    • let then = x.then.
    • 如果 x.then 这步出错,那么 reject promise with e as the reason.
    • 如果 then 是一个函数,then.call(x, resolvePromiseFn, rejectPromise)
      其中 resolvePromiseFn 的入参是 y, 执行 resolvePromise(promise2, y, resolve, reject);
      rejectPromise 的入参是 r, reject promise with r
      如果 resolvePromise 和 rejectPromise 都调用了,那么第一个调用优先,前面的调用疏忽。
      如果调用 then 抛出异样 e,如果 resolvePromise 或 rejectPromise 曾经被调用,那么疏忽;否则,reject promise with e as the reason
    • 如果 then 不是一个 function. fulfill promise with x.

实现 Promise

const PENDING = 'pending';
const FULFILLED = 'fulfilled';
const REJECTED = 'rejected';

function MyPromise(fn) {
    this._status = PENDING;
    this.value = undefined;
    this.reason = undefined;
    this.FULFILLED_CALLBACK_LIST = [];
    this.REJECTED_CALLBACK_LIST = [];

    Object.defineProperty(this, 'status', {
        configurable: true,
        enumerable: true,
        get: function() {return this._status;},
        set: function(status) {
            this._status = status;
            switch(status) {
                case FULFILLED: {
                    this.FULFILLED_CALLBACK_LIST.forEach(callback => {callback(this.value);
                    });
                    break;
                }
                case REJECTED: {
                    this.REJECTED_CALLBACK_LIST.forEach(callback => {callback(this.reason);
                    });
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    });

    try{fn(this.resolve.bind(this), this.reject.bind(this));
    } catch(e) {this.reject(e);
    }

}


MyPromise.prototype.resolve = function(value) {if(this.status === PENDING) {
        this.value = value;
        this.status = FULFILLED;
    }
}

MyPromise.prototype.reject = function(reason) {if(this.status === PENDING) {
        this.reason = reason;
        this.status = REJECTED;
    }
}

MyPromise.prototype.then = function(onFulfilled, onRejected) {const realOnFulfilled = isFunction(onFulfilled) ? onFulfilled : value => value;
    const realOnRejected = isFunction(onRejected) ? onRejected : reason => {throw reason;};
    // const realOnRejected = isFunction(onRejected) ? onRejected : reason => reason;

    const promise2 = new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {const queueFulfilledMicrotask = () => {queueMicrotask(() => {
                try{let x = realOnFulfilled(this.value);
                    this.resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
                } catch(e) {reject(e);
                }
            });
        }

        const queueRejectedMicrotask = () => {queueMicrotask(() => {
                try{let x = realOnRejected(this.reason);
                    this.resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
                } catch(e) {reject(e);
                }
            });
        }

        switch(this.status) {
            case FULFILLED:
                queueFulfilledMicrotask();
                break;
            case REJECTED:
                queueRejectedMicrotask();
                break;
            case PENDING:
            default:
                this.FULFILLED_CALLBACK_LIST.push(queueFulfilledMicrotask);
                this.REJECTED_CALLBACK_LIST.push(queueRejectedMicrotask);
        }
    });

    return promise2;
}

MyPromise.prototype.catch = function(onRejected) {return this.then(null, onRejected);
}

/**
 * The Promise Resolution Procedure 
 * [[Resolve]](promise, x)
 **/
MyPromise.prototype.resolvePromise = function(promise2, x, resolve, reject) {
    // If promise and x refer to the same object, reject promise with a TypeError as the reason.
    if(promise2 === x) {reject(new TypeError('The promise and the return value are the same'));
    }

    
    if(x instanceof MyPromise) { // If x is a promise, adopt its state
        x.then((y) => {this.resolvePromise(promise2, y, resolve, reject);
        }, reject);
    } else if(typeof x === 'object' || isFunction(x)) { // Otherwise, if x is an object or function
        if(x === null) {resolve(x); 
        }

        // Let then be x.then
        let then = null;
        try{then = x.then;} catch(e) { // If retrieving the property x.then results in a thrown exception e, reject promise with e as the reason.
            reject(e);
        }

        // If then is a function, call it with x as this, first argument resolvePromise, and second argument rejectPromise
        if(isFunction(then)) {
            // If both resolvePromise and rejectPromise are called, or multiple calls to the same argument are made, the first call takes precedence, and any further calls are ignored.
            let called = false;
            try{
                then.called(x,
                    y => {if(called) return;
                        called = true;
                        // If/when resolvePromise is called with a value y, run [[Resolve]](promise, y)
                        this.resolvePromise(promise2, y, resolve, reject);
                    },
                    r => {if (called) return;
                        called = true;
                        // If/when rejectPromise is called with a reason r, reject promise with r.
                        reject(r);
                    });
            } catch(e) { // If calling then throws an exception e
                // If resolvePromise or rejectPromise have been called, ignore it.
                if(called) return;
                // Otherwise, reject promise with e as the reason.
                reject(e);
            }
        }
    } else { // If x is not an object or function, fulfill promise with x
        resolve(x);
    }
}

function isFunction(fn) {return typeof fn === 'function';}

// 测试
const test = new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {console.log(1);
    reject(111);
}).then((value) => {console.log(value);
}).catch((reason) => {console.log(reason);
})
console.log(2);

划重点

Promise 实例化时传入的函数会立刻执行,then(...)中的回调函数 onFulfilledonRejected须要异步提早调用。

要确保 onFulfilledonRejected办法异步执行,且应该在 then 办法被调用的那一轮事件循环之后的新执行栈中执行。这个事件队列可采纳 宏工作 macro-task机制或 微工作 micro-task机制来实现。

参考文档:

  • Promises/A+ 标准
  • Promise Polyfill github 仓库

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