关于爬虫:Python爬虫-Day-5

1. 需要 ：向一个不被 SSL 信赖的网站发动申请爬取数据
2. 指标 url：https://inv-veri.chinatax.gov…
3. 什么是 SSL?
（1）定义：SSL 证书是数字证书的一种，配置于服务器上
https = http + ssl
（2）特点：SSL 证书遵循了 SSL 协定由受信赖的数字证书颁发机构验证身份后颁发的证书如是公司本人制作只管显示 https 但依然是不被信赖的
（3）性能：SSL 证书同时具备服务器身份验证和数据传输加密性能

1. 定义
cookie 通过在客户端记录的信息确定用户身份
HTTP 是一种无连贯协定，客户端和服务器交互仅限于申请或响应过程，完结后断开，下一次申请时，服务器会认为是一个新的客户端，为了保护它们之间的连贯，让服务器晓得这是前一个用户发动的申请，必须在一个中央保留客户端信息
2. 作用
（1）反反爬
（2）模仿登录

1. 服务器渲染：可能在网页源码中看到数据
2. 客户端渲染：不能在网页源码中看到数据

（1）代码 website_ssl

import requests

# 指标 url
url = 'https://inv-veri.chinatax.gov.cn/'

header = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/91.0.4472.124 Safari/537.36',
}
res = requests.get(url, headers=header, verify=False)
print(res.content.decode('utf-8'))

"""html = res.content.decode('utf-8')
filename = 'gov' + '.html'
with open(filename, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as g:
    g.write(html)    
# 瞎玩
"""

（2）代码 qzone- 模仿登录

import requests

# 指标 url
url = 'https://user.qzone.qq.com/xxxxxxxxxx'
header = {'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/92.0.4515.107 Safari/537.36',
    'cookie': 'RK=5lj83q5PSd; ptcz=1fa7f93cc2c18f43147a7189627ae6080740f72c3df2d08eb012e46db14a477b; pgv_pvid=2420772099; fqm_pvqid=73e03e61-6f91-4107-bc29-e1ac0449e88f; tmeLoginType=2; psrf_qqrefresh_token=53D67C7167BD9A1CAB39187D4C792C97; psrf_qqunionid=; wxunionid=; psrf_qqaccess_token=9CBCE82B15E8671851EFD4B1290DB131; wxopenid=; psrf_access_token_expiresAt=1630838824; psrf_qqopenid=24FAC6F91E334941373749413AE8BBB0; wxrefresh_token=; euin=oK45NK6FNeCq7n**; pac_uid=1_519188694; iip=0; pgv_info=ssid=s4897751060; o_cookie=1519188694; eas_sid=O1o6S2P8b5s65402b7L2L9p980; pvpqqcomrouteLine=wallpaper_wallpaper_wallpaper; _qpsvr_localtk=0.12057115483060432; welcomeflash=1519188694_96544; qz_screen=1536x864; 1519188694_todaycount=0; 1519188694_totalcount=34134; QZ_FE_WEBP_SUPPORT=1; cpu_performance_v8=6; __Q_w_s__QZN_TodoMsgCnt=1; zzpaneluin=; zzpanelkey=; _qz_referrer=i.qq.com; uin=o1519188694; skey=@SJO1fKDSM; p_uin=o1519188694; pt4_token=Aqy-OiLi1f7tedwzlg1wUy*laYC9M8AwdlPLQ-BIcHw_; p_skey=LeobMj5DrbZe75MiQKQXphzo6O-d3OqX25A8MIXGvNo_; qzone_check=1519188694_1628837790',
}

res = requests.get(url, headers=header)
html = res.content.decode('utf-8')

with open('qzone1.html', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
    f.write(html)
print(html)

（3）代码 12306- 反反爬

import requests
import json

# 指标 url
url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/query?leftTicketDTO.train_date=2021-08-18&leftTicketDTO.from_station=BJP&leftTicketDTO.to_station=CQW&purpose_codes=ADULT'

header = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/92.0.4515.107 Safari/537.36',
    'Cookie': '_uab_collina=162859214484913672330819; JSESSIONID=3C9DB3104DC02AC8A7C9F0D62730C089; _jc_save_wfdc_flag=dc; RAIL_EXPIRATION=1629178843189; RAIL_DEVICEID=YVHwYLGf-RmKXq__VM-j4-kE5zSKDK92l_0zwONP7fBhWgqOrFnEF7hIUWCvkHM9NvfBzP_ske3ujsIS24pju38UI2R12sKWoTA7fQC7tvGPBrsKdW0hgcgVi_0aLunJ9RTtDmY02BcH4ZCmj8l7h44hhmfDHsd8; BIGipServerotn=3671523594.50210.0000; BIGipServerpassport=971505930.50215.0000; route=6f50b51faa11b987e576cdb301e545c4; _jc_save_fromStation=%u5317%u4EAC%2CBJP; _jc_save_toDate=2021-08-16; _jc_save_toStation=%u91CD%u5E86%2CCQW; _jc_save_fromDate=2021-08-18'
}

# 获取网页源码
res = requests.get(url, headers=header)
# html_str = res.content.decode('utf-8')
# html_dict = res.json()
# print(type(html_str), type(html_dict))
# print(html_dict)
# 察看上述打印数据 这样才阔以进行数据解析

html_str = res.content.decode('utf-8')
html_dict = json.loads(html_str)
# print(html_dict)
# 察看上述打印数据 这样才阔以进行数据解析  一些除了要害数字的符号是会变动的

# 解析数据
results = html_dict['data']['result']
# print(results)
for result in results:
    # print(result)
    # print('*' * 100)
    data_lst = result.split('|')
    # flag = 0
    # for d in data_lst:
    #     print(flag, d)
    #     flag += 1
    # print('*'* 50)
    # 咱们猜想 特等座的信息是下表索引 32 的数据 d[32] 车次是在下表索引为 3 的数据 d[3]
    t_name = data_lst[3]
    t_number = data_lst[32]
    # print(t_number, t_number)

# 进行判断
    if t_number != ''and t_number !=' 无 ':
        print(t_name, '有票')
    else:
        print(t_name, '无票')

关于爬虫:Python爬虫-Day-5

Requests 模块下

解决不被信赖证书的网站

cookie

补充申请与响应

代码