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关于mysql:MySQL中ddcolumns表结构转table过程以及应用

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一、MySQL 的 dd 表介绍

二、代码跟踪

三、常识利用

四、总结


一、MySQL 的 dd 表介绍

MySQL 的 dd 表是用来寄存表构造和各种建表信息的,客户端建的表都存在 mysql.table 和 mysql.columns 表里,还有一个表 mysql.column_type_elements 比拟非凡,用来寄存 SET 和 ENUM 类型的字段汇合值信息。看一下上面这张表的 mysql.columns 表和 mysql.column_type_elements 信息。为了缩短显示长度,这里只展现几个重要的值。

# 建表:CREATE TABLE t1(id int  not null auto_increment primary key,col1 number,col2 VARCHAR(100),col3 pls_integer,
col4 enum('x','y') default 'x',col5 set('x1','y1'))  partition by hash(id) partitions 3;
SET SESSION debug='+d,skip_dd_table_access_check';
mysql> select name,ordinal_position,type,default_value_utf8,options,column_type_utf8 from mysql.columns where table_id=383;
+-------------+------------------+-----------------------+--------------------+-------------------+------------------+
| name        | ordinal_position | type                  | default_value_utf8 | options           | column_type_utf8 |
+-------------+------------------+-----------------------+--------------------+-------------------+------------------+
| col1        |                2 | MYSQL_TYPE_NEWDECIMAL | NULL               | interval_count=0; | decimal(65,0)    |
| col2        |                3 | MYSQL_TYPE_VARCHAR    | NULL               | interval_count=0; | varchar(100)     |
| col3        |                4 | MYSQL_TYPE_LONG       | NULL               | interval_count=0; | int              |
| col4        |                5 | MYSQL_TYPE_ENUM       | x                  | interval_count=2; | enum('x','y')    |
| col5        |                6 | MYSQL_TYPE_SET        | NULL               | interval_count=2; | set('x1','y1')   |
| DB_ROLL_PTR |                8 | MYSQL_TYPE_LONGLONG   | NULL               | NULL              |                  |
| DB_TRX_ID   |                7 | MYSQL_TYPE_INT24      | NULL               | NULL              |                  |
| id          |                1 | MYSQL_TYPE_LONG       | NULL               | interval_count=0; | int              |
+-------------+------------------+-----------------------+--------------------+-------------------+------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql.columns 表阐明如下:

  1. ordinal_position是该字段在表里的偏移量,这里多了 3 个字段,DB_ROLL_PTRDB_TRX_IDid是用来执行 undo 的,记录了字段的版本信息。
  2. default_value_utf8是用来保留默认值的。options 外面有 interval_count 用来保留汇合类型的数值数的。columns 表的 options 的 key 一共有如下几种:

    static const std::set<String_type> default_valid_option_keys = {
        "column_format", "geom_type",         "interval_count", "not_secondary",
        "storage",       "treat_bit_as_char", "zip_dict_id",    "is_array"};
mysql>  select * from mysql.column_type_elements where column_id=4286;
+-----------+---------------+------+
| column_id | element_index | name |
+-----------+---------------+------+
|      4286 |             1 | x    |
|      4286 |             2 | y    |
+-----------+---------------+------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
#这里的 column_id=4286 是 col4 的 id 值,x 和 y 别离对应了 set 定义时候的 2 个汇合值。

二、代码跟踪

当初重新启动数据库,跟踪一下这个 columns 表怎么转为代码外面的 TABLE 的 field 对象。首先找到表的 dd 信息而后关上表获取 field 信息。

mysql> select * from t1;

输出该命令后找到 columns 表转为 field 的代码:

#0  fill_column_from_dd (thd=0x555558b35a06 <std::char_traits<char>::compare(char const*, char const*, unsigned long)+61>, 
    share=0x7fffe83f1b60, 
    col_obj=0x555558bb0a5e <std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, Stateless_allocator<char, dd::String_type_alloc, My_free_functor> >::compare(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, Stateless_allocator<char, dd::String_type_alloc, My_free_functor> > const&) const+142>, 
    null_pos=0x7fffe83f1880 "\005", null_bit_pos=32767, rec_pos=0x7fff2c05ac10 "explicit_encryption", 
    field_nr=0) at /mysql/sql/dd_table_share.cc:955
#1  0x00005555593c4c17 in fill_columns_from_dd (thd=0x7fff2c006890, share=0x7fff2cbf19e8, 
    tab_obj=0x7fff2cbb9b38) at /mysql/sql/dd_table_share.cc:1235
#2  0x00005555593c9e54 in open_table_def (thd=0x7fff2c006890, share=0x7fff2cbf19e8, table_def=...)
    at /mysql/sql/dd_table_share.cc:2408
#3  0x0000555558e76a13 in get_table_share (thd=0x7fff2c006890, db=0x7fff2cbeeff0 "db1", 
    table_name=0x7fff2cc03210 "t1", key=0x7fff2cbeed87 "db1", key_length=7, open_view=true, 
    open_secondary=false) at /mysql/sql/sql_base.cc:801
#4  0x0000555558e76f08 in get_table_share_with_discover (thd=0x7fff2c006890, table_list=0x7fff2cbee9b8, 
    key=0x7fff2cbeed87 "db1", key_length=7, open_secondary=false, error=0x7fffe83f1ea4)
    at /mysql/sql/sql_base.cc:889
#5  0x0000555558e7cd34 in open_table (thd=0x7fff2c006890, table_list=0x7fff2cbee9b8, 
    ot_ctx=0x7fffe83f2380) at /mysql/sql/sql_base.cc:3230
#6  0x0000555558e81769 in open_and_process_table (thd=0x7fff2c006890, lex=0x7fff2c01bdf0, 
    tables=0x7fff2cbee9b8, counter=0x7fff2c01be48, prelocking_strategy=0x7fffe83f2408, 
    has_prelocking_list=false, ot_ctx=0x7fffe83f2380)
    at /mysql/sql/sql_base.cc:5118
#7  0x0000555558e833bd in open_tables (thd=0x7fff2c006890, start=0x7fffe83f23f0, counter=0x7fff2c01be48, 
    flags=0, prelocking_strategy=0x7fffe83f2408)
    at /mysql/sql/sql_base.cc:5928
#8  0x0000555558e85626 in open_tables_for_query (thd=0x7fff2c006890, tables=0x7fff2cbee9b8, flags=0)
    at /mysql/sql/sql_base.cc:6904
#9  0x0000555559075720 in Sql_cmd_dml::prepare (this=0x7fff2cbef400, thd=0x7fff2c006890)
    at /mysql/sql/sql_select.cc:372
#10 0x00005555590760bf in Sql_cmd_dml::execute (this=0x7fff2cbef400, thd=0x7fff2c006890)
    at /mysql/sql/sql_select.cc:527
#11 0x0000555558fedc8e in mysql_execute_command (thd=0x7fff2c006890, first_level=true)
    at /mysql/sql/sql_parse.cc:4794
#12 0x0000555558fefe25 in dispatch_sql_command (thd=0x7fff2c006890, parser_state=0x7fffe83f3990, 
    update_userstat=false) at /mysql/sql/sql_parse.cc:5399
#13 0x0000555558fe52d3 in dispatch_command (thd=0x7fff2c006890, com_data=0x7fffe83f4b70, 
    command=COM_QUERY) at /mysql/sql/sql_parse.cc:2000
#14 0x0000555558fe3643 in do_command (thd=0x7fff2c006890)
    at /mysql/sql/sql_parse.cc:1448
#15 0x000055555920e200 in handle_connection (arg=0x555560a65790)
    at /mysql/sql/conn_handler/connection_handler_per_thread.cc:307
#16 0x000055555ae36375 in pfs_spawn_thread (arg=0x5555608a2e20)
    at /mysql/storage/perfschema/pfs.cc:2899
#17 0x00007ffff77a6609 in start_thread (arg=<optimized out>) at pthread_create.c:477
#18 0x00007ffff76cb163 in clone () at ../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/x86_64/clone.S:95
#fill_column_from_dd 函数外面最重要的是 make_field 函数,把字段从 dd::Column 转为 table 的 field 而后赋值给 TABLE_SHARE。reg_field = make_field(*col_obj, charset, share, rec_pos, null_pos, null_bit_pos);

三、常识利用

session 每次获取表的信息都是在第一次关上表的时候就做好了,下次如果表没有变动就从 Table_cache 间接获取表信息。当初假如咱们要改 col4 字段的汇合值又不想通过 alter 语句来执行,那就能够间接对 dd 表进行操作。留神,该操作对生产环境有很大危险,这里只用来进行常识实际,不能用来在生产环境实际操作。

把 col4 的 x,y 值改为 a,b:
首先试着插入 col4= x 的记录,当初还没改 dd 表插入胜利。

mysql> insert into t1 values(1,1,'aa',1,'x','x1');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)

接着开始改 col4 的汇合值:

mysql> SET SESSION debug='+d,skip_dd_table_access_check';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> update mysql.columns set default_value_utf8='a' ,column_type_utf8='enum(\'a\',\'b\'))' where table_id=383 and name='col4';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> select name,ordinal_position,type,default_value_utf8,options,column_type_utf8 from mysql.columns where table_id=383;
+-------------+------------------+-----------------------+--------------------+-------------------+------------------+
| name        | ordinal_position | type                  | default_value_utf8 | options           | column_type_utf8 |
+-------------+------------------+-----------------------+--------------------+-------------------+------------------+
| col1        |                2 | MYSQL_TYPE_NEWDECIMAL | NULL               | interval_count=0; | decimal(65,0)    |
| col2        |                3 | MYSQL_TYPE_VARCHAR    | NULL               | interval_count=0; | varchar(100)     |
| col3        |                4 | MYSQL_TYPE_LONG       | NULL               | interval_count=0; | int              |
| col4        |                5 | MYSQL_TYPE_ENUM       | a                  | interval_count=2; | enum('a','b'))   | 汇合值已改
| col5        |                6 | MYSQL_TYPE_SET        | NULL               | interval_count=2; | set('x1','y1')   |
| DB_ROLL_PTR |                8 | MYSQL_TYPE_LONGLONG   | NULL               | NULL              |                  |
| DB_TRX_ID   |                7 | MYSQL_TYPE_INT24      | NULL               | NULL              |                  |
| id          |                1 | MYSQL_TYPE_LONG       | NULL               | interval_count=0; | int              |
+-------------+------------------+-----------------------+--------------------+-------------------+------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> update mysql.column_type_elements set name='a' where column_id=4286 and element_index=1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> update mysql.column_type_elements set name='b' where column_id=4286 and element_index=2;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql>  select * from mysql.column_type_elements where column_id=4286;
+-----------+---------------+------+
| column_id | element_index | name |
+-----------+---------------+------+
|      4286 |             1 | a    | 汇合值已改
|      4286 |             2 | b    | 汇合值已改
+-----------+---------------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

当初再插入一条 col4= x 的记录发现还是胜利的,这是因为 t1 没有从新从 dd 表转为 TABLE 信息,须要重启后再试。

mysql> insert into t1 values(2,1,'aa',1,'x','x1');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

重启数据库,而后登录。再次插入 col4= x 发现报错了,因为这时候的 TABLE 信息是从新从 dd 表转化的。

mysql> insert into t1 values(2,1,'aa',1,'x','x1');
ERROR 1265 (01000): Data truncated for column 'col4' at row 1

插入 col4= a 的记录胜利,阐明更改胜利。

mysql> insert into t1 values(3,1,'aa',1,'a','x1');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

查看建表信息, 发现曾经胜利更改。

mysql> show create table t1;
+-------+-------------------------+
| Table | Create Table     |
+-------+-------------------------+
| t1    | CREATE TABLE `t1` (
  `id` int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `col1` decimal(65,0) DEFAULT NULL,
  `col2` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
  `col3` int DEFAULT NULL,
  `col4` enum('a','b') DEFAULT 'a', 更改胜利
  `col5` set('x1','y1') DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=4 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci
/*!50100 PARTITION BY HASH (`id`)
PARTITIONS 3 */ 
+-------+-------------------------+

四、总结

实际上更改表构造如果通过 alter 命令来改流程跟下面也是一样的,也是通过更新 dd 表来实现表构造的变更,这里只是从更底层来介绍。以上的操作在理论生产中不能间接操作,危险很大,会影响现有的记录和相干的性能。这里只是作为一个案例来更好的阐明 dd 的工作流程,帮忙大家遇到问题晓得怎么从底层排查。

Enjoy GreatSQL :)

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