关于mysql:centos7-mysql56-配置主从同步

一、装置环境

数据库地址：

* 192.168.0.212（主）

* 192.168.0.221（从）

二、Master 的配置

1. 批改 MySQL 配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]
#开启二进制日志
log-bin=mysql-bin
#标识惟一 id（必须），个别应用 ip 最初位
server-id=212
#不同步的数据库，可设置多个
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
#指定须要同步的数据库（和 slave 是互相匹配的），能够设置多个
binlog-do-db = xxxx_dt_business
binlog-do-db = xxxx_dt_home



binlog_format=MIXED
#日志清理工夫
expire_logs_days=7
#日志大小
max_binlog_size=200m
#缓存大小
binlog_cache_size=4m
#最大缓存大小
max_binlog_cache_size=521m

2. 重启 MySQL

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -p


#给从库放权限  
mysql> GRANT FILE ON _._ TO 'xxxxrep'@'192.168.0.221' IDENTIFIED BY 'xxxxrep123.';  
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON _._ TO 'xxxxrep'@'192.168.0.221' IDENTIFIED BY 'xxxxrep123.';  
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;  
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

注：如果数据库有数据须要进行数据迁徙保证数据的一致性  数据迁徙

创立数据库：在从库中创立一个和主库雷同的数据库，不然两个数据库不能同步（进行过数据迁徙就跳过）CREATE DATABASE xxxx_dt_home CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;  
CREATE DATABASE xxxx_dt_business CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;

4. 重启 MySQL，登录 MySQL，查看主库信息

mysql> show master status;  
+------------------+----------+---------------------------------+------------------+-------------------+  
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB                    | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |  
+------------------+----------+---------------------------------+------------------+-------------------+  
| mysql-bin.000149 |  1670048 | xxxx_dt_business,xxxx_dt_home |                  |                   |  
+------------------+----------+---------------------------------+------------------+-------------------+  
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>  
 注：如果执行这个步骤始终为 Empty set(0.00 sec)，那阐明后面的 my.cnf 没配置对

#开启二进制日志（能够不配置）log-bin=mysql-bin  
server-id=221  
replicate-do-db= xxxx_dt_business  
replicate-do-db = xxxx_dt_home  
replicate-ignore-db = mysql  
log-slave-updates  
slave-skip-errors = all  
slave-net-timeout = 60

#敞开 Slave  
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.0.212',master_user='xxxxrep',master_password='xxxxrep123.',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000149', master_log_pos=33345737;  
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)

mysql> start slave;  
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

  注：下面的 master_log_file 是在配置 Master 的时候的 File 字段，master_log_pos 是在配置 Master 的 Position 字段。肯定要一一对应 

5. 查看信息

mysql> show slave status \G;  
*************************** 1. row ***************************  
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event  
Master_Host: 192.168.0.212  
Master_User: xxxxrep  
Master_Port: 3306  
Connect_Retry: 60  
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000149  
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 44484424  
Relay_Log_File: mysql-relay-bin.000002  
Relay_Log_Pos: 11138970  
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000149  
Slave_IO_Running: Yes  
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes  
Replicate_Do_DB: xxxx_dt_business,xxxx_dt_home  
Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql  
Replicate_Do_Table:  
Replicate_Ignore_Table:  
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:  
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:  
Last_Errno: 0  
Last_Error:  
Skip_Counter: 0  
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 44484424  
Relay_Log_Space: 11139143  
Until_Condition: None  
Until_Log_File:  
Until_Log_Pos: 0  
Master_SSL_Allowed: No  
Master_SSL_CA_File:  
Master_SSL_CA_Path:  
Master_SSL_Cert:  
Master_SSL_Cipher:  
Master_SSL_Key:  
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0  
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No  
Last_IO_Errno: 0  
Last_IO_Error:  
Last_SQL_Errno: 0  
Last_SQL_Error:  
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:  
Master_Server_Id: 212  
Master_UUID: 7e1414e2-8dd5-11e9-a10f-000c29f686d6  
Master_Info_File: /data/mysql/data/master.info  
SQL_Delay: 0  
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL  
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it  
Master_Retry_Count: 86400  
Master_Bind:  
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:  
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:  
Master_SSL_Crl:  
Master_SSL_Crlpath:  
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:  
Executed_Gtid_Set:  
Auto_Position: 0  
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

ERROR:  
No query specified  
  注：如果 Slave_IO_Running: No  呈现上面的谬误

Last_IO_Error: Fatal error: The slave I/O thread stops because master and slave have equal MySQL server UUIDs; these UUIDs must be different for replication to work.  
  阐明主服务器的 UUID 和从服务器的 UUID 反复，更改形式

[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/mysql/data/auto.cnf  #这是我的装置门路批改 auto.cnf 的 server-uuid  
  注：如果 Slave_IO_Running: Connecting 并呈现上面谬误  

error connecting to master ['root@192.168.3.28]('root@192.168.3.28):3306' - retry-time: 60  retries: 1  
  解决办法，查看主库是否受权，查看 change master to... 是否有用户明码 ip 填写谬误

  注：如果 Slave_IO_Running: No 呈现上面谬误

Got fatal error 1236 from master when reading data from binary log: 'Could not find first log file name in binary log index file'  
  解决办法：复位

mysql>stop slave;  // 进行  
mysql>reset slave;  // 清空  
mysql>start slave;  // 开启 

扩大

 当只针对某些库的某张表进行同步时，如下，只同步 home 库的 hello 表和 other 库的 biao 表：replicate-do-db = home  
replicate-wild-do-table = home.hello       // 当只同步几个或多数表时，能够这样设置。留神这要跟下面的库指定配合应用；replicate-do-db = other  
replicate-wild-do-table = other.biao      // 如果同步的库的表比拟多时，就不能这样一一指定了，就把这个选项配置去掉，间接依据指定的库进行同步。查问 binlog 主从日志的办法

#查看 binlog 全副文件  
mysql>show binary logs;

#查看 binlog 是否开启 NO 为开启  
mysql> show variables like 'log_bin%';

#详细信息  
mysql>  show variables like 'binlog%';

#查看 binlog 日志  
mysql> show binlog events in'mysql-bin.000017';

#或者应用 mysqlbinlog，如果报错应用 --no-defaults（应用全门路）[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqlbinlog --no-defaults /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin.000017  
  

手动清理 master 日志，最好敞开日志，在 /etc/my.cnf

#手动刷新日志  
mysql> show master status;  
#删除全副 mysql> reset slave; 或 rest master;# 删除 MySQL-bin.011mysql> PURGE MASTER LOGS TO 'MySQL-bin.011';

mysql> show status like  'Innodb_buffer_pool_%';  
+---------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+  
| Variable_name                         | Value                                            |  
+---------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+  
| Innodb_buffer_pool_dump_status        | not started                                      |  
| Innodb_buffer_pool_load_status        | Buffer pool(s) load completed at 200320 16:18:07 |  
| Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_data         | 93721                                            |  
| Innodb_buffer_pool_bytes_data         | 1535524864                                       |  
| Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_dirty        | 0                                                |  
| Innodb_buffer_pool_bytes_dirty        | 0                                                |  
| Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_flushed      | 328774                                           |  
| Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_free         | 37327                                            |  
| Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_misc         | 16                                               |  
| Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_total        | 131064                                           |  
| Innodb_buffer_pool_read_ahead_rnd     | 0                                                |  
| Innodb_buffer_pool_read_ahead         | 28                                               |  
| Innodb_buffer_pool_read_ahead_evicted | 0                                                |  
| Innodb_buffer_pool_read_requests      | 27973283                                         |  
| Innodb_buffer_pool_reads              | 90917                                            |  
| Innodb_buffer_pool_wait_free          | 0                                                |  
| Innodb_buffer_pool_write_requests     | 1205702                                          |  
+---------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+  
17 rows in set