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昨日举荐： 每天学一个 Linux 命令（58）：telnet
命令简介
ssh (Secure Shell) 命令是用于平安登录到近程零碎的协定，它可用于在近程服务器上记录或执行命令。
ssh（SSH 客户端）是用于登录到近程计算机并在近程计算机上执行命令的程序。能够在不平安的网络中于两个不受信赖的主机之间提供平安的加密通信。
语法格局
ssh [OPTIONS] [-p PORT] [USER@]HOSTNAME [COMMAND]
选项阐明
-4 #强制 ssh 协定只应用 IPv4 地址
-6 #强制 ssh 协定只应用 IPv6 地址
-A #启用来自身份验证代理的连贯转发
-a #禁用身份验证代理连贯的转发
-B bind_interface #绑定到的地址 bind_interface 在尝试连贯到指标主机之前
-b bind_address #应用 bind_address 在本地计算机上作为连贯的源地址
-C #申请压缩所有数据
-c cipher_spec #指定用于加密会话的明码标准
-D [bind_address：] 端口 #指定本地“动静”应用程序级端口转发
-E log_file #将调试日志附加到 log_file 而非标准谬误
-e escape_char #设置带有 pty 的会话的转义字符（默认值：'~'）-F 配置文件 #指定每用户 ssh 的配置文件
-f #配置 ssh 在执行命令之前将申请转到后盾
-g #容许近程主机连贯到本地转发的端口
-i identity_file #指定从这个文件中去读取用于公共密钥身份验证的标识（公有密钥）-K #启用基于 GSSAPI 的身份验证
-k #禁用将 GSSAPI 凭据
-L local_socket：remote_socket #指定将与本地（客户端）主机上给定的 TCP 端口或 Unix 套接字的连贯转发到近程的给定主机和端口或 Unix 套接字。-N #禁止执行近程命令
-p port #指定 SSH 连贯端口
-q #静默模式
-s #用于申请调用近程零碎上的子系统
-T #禁用调配伪终端
-t #强制调配伪终端
-V #打印 SSH 版本号并退出
-v #具体模式（输入 SSH 连贯的过程信息）-X #启用 X11 转发
-x #禁用 X11 转发
-Y #启用受信赖的 X11 转发
-y #指定发送日志信息 syslog（3）零碎模块
利用举例
连贯到近程主机
ssh username@remote_host
#ssh 应用特定身份（私钥）连贯到近程主机
ssh -i path/to/key_file username@remote_host
应用特定端口连贯到近程主机
ssh username@remote_host -p 9999
用 SSH 连贯到近程服务器上再运行命令
ssh remote_host command
[root@centos7 ~]# ssh 192.168.1.199 ls
The authenticity of host '192.168.1.199 (192.168.1.199)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:mF2QLxkGH/mWhHu/NlaKOrx4nKkyVvhYV6BRPA8TdEk.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:a1:91:03:6b:9a:91:f6:c3:cf:19:06:32:19:b9:85:8e.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.1.199' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.1.199's password:
anaconda-ks.cfg
dos_test.txt
goinception
goInception-linux-amd64-v1.2.3.tar.gz
httpd
httpd-2.4.46
httpd-2.4.46.tar.gz
mingongge.file
mingongge.z01
mingongge.z02
mingongge.zip
testdir
test.txt
查看一下 SSH 近程登录过程的详细信息
[root@centos7 ~]# ssh -v 192.168.1.199 -p 22
OpenSSH_7.4p1, OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips 26 Jan 2017
debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config
debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 58: Applying options for *
debug1: Connecting to 192.168.1.199 [192.168.1.199] port 22.
debug1: Connection established.
debug1: permanently_set_uid: 0/0
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_rsa type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_dsa type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa-cert type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_ed25519 type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_ed25519-cert type -1
debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0
debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.4
debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_7.4
debug1: match: OpenSSH_7.4 pat OpenSSH* compat 0x04000000
debug1: Authenticating to 192.168.1.199:22 as 'root'
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received
debug1: kex: algorithm: curve25519-sha256
debug1: kex: host key algorithm: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256
debug1: kex: server->client cipher: chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug1: kex: client->server cipher: chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug1: kex: curve25519-sha256 need=64 dh_need=64
debug1: kex: curve25519-sha256 need=64 dh_need=64
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY
debug1: Server host key: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 SHA256:mF2QLxkGH/mWhHu/NlaKOrx4nKkyVvhYV6BRPA8TdEk
debug1: Host '192.168.1.199' is known and matches the ECDSA host key.
debug1: Found key in /root/.ssh/known_hosts:1
debug1: rekey after 134217728 blocks
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received
debug1: rekey after 134217728 blocks
debug1: SSH2_MSG_EXT_INFO received
debug1: kex_input_ext_info: server-sig-algs=<rsa-sha2-256,rsa-sha2-512>
debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password
debug1: Next authentication method: gssapi-keyex
debug1: No valid Key exchange context
debug1: Next authentication method: gssapi-with-mic
debug1: Unspecified GSS failure. Minor code may provide more information
No Kerberos credentials available (default cache: KEYRING:persistent:0)
debug1: Unspecified GSS failure. Minor code may provide more information
No Kerberos credentials available (default cache: KEYRING:persistent:0)
debug1: Next authentication method: publickey
debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_rsa
debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_dsa
debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa
debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_ed25519
debug1: Next authentication method: password
root@192.168.1.199's password:
debug1: Authentication succeeded (password).
Authenticated to 192.168.1.199 ([192.168.1.199]:22).
debug1: channel 0: new [client-session]
debug1: Requesting no-more-sessions@openssh.com
debug1: Entering interactive session.
debug1: pledge: network
debug1: client_input_global_request: rtype hostkeys-00@openssh.com want_reply 0
debug1: Sending environment.
debug1: Sending env LANG = en_US.UTF-8
Last login: Sun Jan 17 14:26:28 2021 from 192.168.1.93
每天学一个 Linux 命令（55）：id
每天学一个 Linux 命令（56）：su/sudo
每天学一个 Linux 命令（57）：cal
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