关于linux:从openbox了解Linux桌面相关知识

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OpenBox 是什么？

Openbox 是运行于搭载 X11 的 GNU/Linux 上的笨重窗口管理器，Openbox 以 GPL 协定形式凋谢源代码，是收费自由软件。Openbox 基于 Blackbox，后者被认为原始窗口管理器之一（即代码自有）。

总言之：openbox 是窗口管理器

如果不必窗口管理器，会怎么样？

如果 linux 下，没有窗口管理器，程序也能失常运行。

但显著的变动，就是没有“标题栏”，程序也不能用鼠标进行拖动。

还有显著的变动，按“Start+D”也不能返回到桌面了

由此可见，这些都跟窗口管理器无关，而不是你本人程序控制的。

或换句话，如果你感觉“标题栏”不合乎你的程序格调，并不是通过程序自身代码批改，而是通过配置窗口管理器的参数去配置

实际上，咱们能够演绎总结下：

你的程序显示界面

UI 库（像 qt）

窗口管理器（像 openbox）

视窗零碎（像 x11）

硬件驱动

如下图：

openbox 有哪些长处？也就是，咱们什么时候应该用

速度十分快，资源占用极少。（适宜嵌入式，也就意味着可能存在一些考虑不周的状况）

可高度定制化，可能对应用程序加以灵便管制。（配置灵便，确实挺好，而且很好了解）

可能绑定键盘和鼠标。比方，你能够为程序设定启动快捷键，也能够为最小 / 大化窗口设置热键。对于鼠标，同样如此。

具备主动启动脚本，可能随机主动启动各种程序。

主题资源丰盛，与 *box 类视觉款式兼容。Openbox 的外观是简洁而不简略。

反对会话，可深刻 GNOME、KDE、Xfce 等桌面环境应用。换句话说，Openbox 可代替这些桌面环境中默认的窗口管理器，而其余桌面组件仍旧放弃原样。

另外，实质上源码也比拟少，如果呈现一些问题，也能够通过批改源码的形式，也会容易一些

好了，openbox 介绍也差不多。咱们来理解下，openbox 精髓局部，配置

配置文件在

/etc/xdg/openbox/
有几个 xml
能够看下

menu.xml
首先，让咱们来创立一个一级菜单。要定义一个菜单，咱们须要应用 <menu> 标签。该标签具备 id、label、以及 execute 属性：

id：每一个菜单我的项目都必须指定一个惟一的 id，以用来辨别其余菜单我的项目。

label：用来形容一个菜单的名称。

execute：执行一个命令，罕用于创立动静菜单。

例如，咱们能够将 Openbox 的 Root 菜单定义如下：<menu id="root-menu" label="Openbox Root Menu"> ... </menu>

如果一个菜单中没有任何我的项目，我想是不能称其为真正的菜单吧。所以，咱们还须要为菜单创立具体的菜单我的项目。要定义菜单我的项目，咱们能够应用 <item> 标签。与 <menu> 标签一样，<item> 标签也具备形容菜单项目名称的 label 属性。咱们试着扩大下面的例子：
<menu id="root-menu" label="Openbox Root Menu">
<item label="URxvt">
...
</item>
...
</menu> 
当初，咱们曾经有了一个名为 URxvt 的菜单我的项目。依据该名称的命名初衷，咱们当然心愿通过该菜单我的项目可能启动 URxvt 终端程序。要实现这个工作，咱们须要应用 <action> 标签。该标签次要用来执行一个操作，比方启动程序。<action> 标签具备 name 属性。咱们持续扩大先前的例子：
<menu id="root-menu" label="Openbox Root Menu">
<item label="URxvt">
<action name="Execute">
...
</action>
</item>
...
</menu> 
该例中 name 属性曾经蕴含了“Execute”值，其作用是启动一个程序。

我想，你曾经猜到接下来咱们须要做什么了。要启动程序，没有具体的命令是不行的。这能够通过 <command> 标签来实现。咱们仍以后面的例子来阐明：
<menu id="root-menu" label="Openbox Root Menu">
<item label="URxvt">
<action name="Execute">
<command>urxvt</command>
</action>
</item>
...
</menu> 
值得一提的是，命令能够附带门路或选项参数。
几个非凡的菜单我的项目

在此，咱们介绍几个较为非凡的菜单我的项目：

分隔线：能够应用 <separator> 标签在菜单我的项目间绘制一条分隔线。<separator> 标签同样具备 label 属性。须要留神的是，因为 <separator> 标签没有具体的内容，所以在敞开该标签时，应照上面的形式进行：
<separator />

这是另一个例子，蕴含 label 属性：

<separator label=”tools” />

重新配置 Openbox：应用该菜单项目标益处是，当你对 Openbox 的配置文件进行批改后，不用登记零碎便可即时失效。该菜单我的项目定义如下：
<item label=”Reconfigure”>
<action name=”Reconfigure” />
</item>

留神，这里 <action> 标签的敞开形式与 <separator> 一样。

重新启动 Openbox：
<item label=”Restart”>
<action name=”Restart” />
</item>

退出 Openbox：
<item label=”Exit”>
<action name=”Exit” />
</item>

登记会话：
<item label=”Session Logout”>
<action name=”SessionLogout” />
</item>

留神，须要启动带会话反对的 Openbox 才无效。
rc.xml

<keybind key=”W-d”>
<action name=”ToggleShowDesktop”/>
</keybind>
b. rc.xml 中的”截屏”快捷键, 截取以后窗口, ctrl+Print Screen

<keybind key=”C-Print”>
<action name=”Execute”>
<command>scrot -s“/home/allblue/pictures/scrot/cut-%m.%d-%H%M%S.png”</command>
</action>
</keybind>
全屏载取, Print Screen

<keybind key=”Print”>
<action name=”Execute”>
<command>scrot“/home/allblue/pictures/scrot/screen-%m.%d-%H%M%S.png”</command>
</action>
</keybind>
c. rc.xml 多媒体快捷键设置
音量放大

<keybind key=”XF86AudioRaiseVolume”>
<action name=”Execute”>
<command>amixer set Master 5%+ unmute</command>
</action>
</keybind>
静音

<keybind key=”XF86AudioMute”>
<action name=”Execute”>
<command>amixer set Master toggle</command>
</action>
</keybind>
关上主页

<keybind key=”XF86HomePage”>
<action name=”Execute”>
<command>firefox</command>
</action>
</keybind>
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