关于kubesphere:kubesphere的prometheus监控组件分析

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一. 什么是 kubesphere

kubesphere 是青云推出的 kubernetes 治理组件,它运行在 kubernete 集群之上,提供了监控、devops、服务网格等一系列的下层性能。

青云同时还推出了 kubekey 工具,用以部署 kubenetes 和 kubesphere,反对:

  • 应用 kubekey 部署 kubernetes;
  • 应用 kubekey 部署 kubernetes 和 kubesphere;

二. 部署多 master 的 kubesphere

应用 kubekey(即 kk)工具部署时,它会先部署 kubernetes,而后在此基础上,部署 kubesphere。

1. 筹备节点

筹备 3 个 Centos7.* 节点:

node1  192.168.1.101
node2  192.168.1.102
node3  192.168.1.103

在每个节点上,装置依赖包:

yum install -y socat conntrack ebtables ipset

2. 筹备 kubekey

首节点 上下载 kk:

export KKZONE=cn
curl -sfL https://get-kk.kubesphere.io | VERSION=v1.1.1 sh -

3. 创立集群配置

应用 kk 工具,生成集群配置:

./kk create config --with-kubernetes v1.20.6 --with-kubesphere v3.1.1

其中:

  • –with-kubernetes v1.20.6:示意要装置的 kubernetes=v1.20.6 版本;
  • –with-kubesphere v3.1.1:示意装置的 kubesphere=v3.1.1 版本,若不愿装置 kubespher 组件,可不提供该参数;

命名执行结束后,将生成 config-sample.yaml 文件,批改文件内容:

  • 批改 hosts 中的节点配置;
  • 多 master 环境,须要提供 controlPlaneEndpoint 中的 LB 地址,这里仅填写其中一个 master 的 ip;
apiVersion: kubekey.kubesphere.io/v1alpha1
kind: Cluster
metadata:
  name: sample
spec:
  hosts:
  - {name: node1, address: 192.168.1.101, internalAddress: 192.168.1.101, user: root, password: ******}
  - {name: node2, address: 192.168.1.102, internalAddress: 192.168.1.102, user: root, password: ******}
  - {name: node3, address: 192.168.1.103, internalAddress: 192.168.1.103, user: root, password: ******}
  roleGroups:
    etcd:
    - node1
    - node2
    - node3
    master:
    - node1
    - node2
    - node3
    worker:
    - node1
    - node2
    - node3
  controlPlaneEndpoint:
    domain: lb.kubesphere.local
    address: "192.168.1.101"
    port: 6443
  kubernetes:
    version: v1.20.6
    imageRepo: kubesphere
    clusterName: cluster.local
  ...

4. 创立集群

应用上一步的集群配置,创立集群:

./kk create cluster -f config-sample.yaml

该命令执行过程中,会先创立 kubernetes 集群,而后再装置 kubesphere 组件;

装置过程中会打印装置日志,除此之外,还能够通用如下命令查看日志:

kubectl logs -n kubesphere-system $(kubectl get pod -n kubesphere-system -l app=ks-install -o jsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}') -f

装置结束后,会输入 kubesphere UI 的登录信息:

#####################################################
###              Welcome to KubeSphere!           ###
#####################################################
Console: http://192.168.1.101:30880
Account: ****
Password: ****

5. 删除集群

若集群装置过程中,呈现谬误,能够删除集群,批改配置后,重新安装:

## 删除集群
./kk delete cluster -f config-sample.yaml

三.kubesphere 监控组件

装置 kubesphere 时,会默认装置 prometheus 的监控组件:

# kubectl get pod -n kubesphere-monitoring-system
NAME                                              READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
alertmanager-main-0                               2/2     Running   0          7d6h
alertmanager-main-1                               2/2     Running   0          7d6h
alertmanager-main-2                               2/2     Running   0          7d6h
kube-state-metrics-577b8b4cf-7wp5w                3/3     Running   0          7d6h
node-exporter-2p7jz                               2/2     Running   0          7d6h
node-exporter-5njs6                               2/2     Running   0          7d6h
node-exporter-6ndb9                               2/2     Running   0          7d6h
notification-manager-deployment-97dfccc89-625b8   1/1     Running   0          7d6h
notification-manager-deployment-97dfccc89-k8767   1/1     Running   0          7d6h
notification-manager-operator-59cbfc566b-4wp9m    2/2     Running   4          7d6h
prometheus-k8s-0                                  3/3     Running   1          4d4h
prometheus-k8s-1                                  3/3     Running   1          4d4h
prometheus-operator-8f97cb8c6-dq4d2               2/2     Running   0          7d6h

kubesphere 的监控组件,应用 prometheus-operator 来治理 prometheus 的各种 prometheusrule、serviceMonitor 等各种 CRD 对象及其状态变动。

具体部署的 prometheus、alertmanager 的正本数,在 ks-installer 中指定:

prometheus 的正本数:

  • 若节点数 <3,则默认 prometheus 正本数 =1;
  • 若节点数 >=3,则默认 prometheus 正本数 =2;
// ks-installer/roles/ks-monitor/template/prometheus-prometheus.yaml.j2
{% if nodeNum is defined and nodeNum < 3 %}
  replicas: {{monitoring.prometheus.replicas | default(monitoring.prometheusReplicas) | default(1) }}
{% else %}
  replicas: {{monitoring.prometheus.replicas | default(monitoring.prometheusReplicas) | default(2) }}
{% endif %}

alertmanager 的正本数:

  • 若节点数 <3,则默认 alertmanager 正本数 =1;
  • 若节点数 >=3,则默认 alertmanager 正本数 =3;
// ks-installer/roles/ks-monitor/template/alertmanager-alertmanager.yaml.j2
{% if nodeNum is defined and nodeNum < 3 %}
  replicas: {{monitoring.alertmanager.replicas | default(monitoring.alertmanagerReplicas) | default(1) }}
{% else %}
  replicas: {{monitoring.alertmanager.replicas | default(monitoring.alertmanagerReplicas) | default(3) }}
{% endif %}

四.kubesphere 监控 API 源码

以 kubesphere 上监控集群 CPU 应用状况为例,剖析其前后端监控的 API 接口,及其源码实现:

1. 前端调用:

GET http://192.168.1.101:30880/kapis/monitoring.kubesphere.io/v1alpha3/cluster?start=1653737380&end=1653743380&step=120s&times=50&metrics_filter=cluster_cpu_utilisation

能够看到,指标名称为 cluster_cpu_utilisation。

2. 后端代码:

API 注册的代码:

// kubesphere/pkg/kapis/monitoring/v1alpha3/register.go
func AddToContainer(c *restful.Container, ...) error {
...
        ws.Route(ws.GET("/cluster").
            To(h.handleClusterMetricsQuery).
            Doc("Get cluster-level metric data.").
            Param(ws.QueryParameter("metrics_filter", "The metric name filter consists of a regexp pattern. It specifies which metric data to return. For example, the following filter matches both cluster CPU usage and disk usage: `cluster_cpu_usage|cluster_disk_size_usage`. View available metrics at [kubesphere.io](https://docs.kubesphere.io/advanced-v2.0/zh-CN/api-reference/monitoring-metrics/).").DataType("string").Required(false)).
            Param(ws.QueryParameter("start", "Start time of query. Use **start** and **end** to retrieve metric data over a time span. It is a string with Unix time format, eg. 1559347200.").DataType("string").Required(false)).
            Param(ws.QueryParameter("end", "End time of query. Use **start** and **end** to retrieve metric data over a time span. It is a string with Unix time format, eg. 1561939200.").DataType("string").Required(false)).
            Param(ws.QueryParameter("step", "Time interval. Retrieve metric data at a fixed interval within the time range of start and end. It requires both **start** and **end** are provided. The format is [0-9]+[smhdwy]. Defaults to 10m (i.e. 10 min).").DataType("string").DefaultValue("10m").Required(false)).
            Param(ws.QueryParameter("time", "A timestamp in Unix time format. Retrieve metric data at a single point in time. Defaults to now. Time and the combination of start, end, step are mutually exclusive.").DataType("string").Required(false)).
            Metadata(restfulspec.KeyOpenAPITags, []string{constants.ClusterMetricsTag}).
            Writes(model.Metrics{}).
            Returns(http.StatusOK, respOK, model.Metrics{})).
            Produces(restful.MIME_JSON)
...
}

API handler 的代码:

// kubesphere/pkg/kapis/monitoring/v1alpha3/handler.go
func (h handler) handleClusterMetricsQuery(req *restful.Request, resp *restful.Response) {params := parseRequestParams(req)
    opt, err := h.makeQueryOptions(params, monitoring.LevelCluster)
    if err != nil {api.HandleBadRequest(resp, nil, err)
        return
    }
    h.handleNamedMetricsQuery(resp, opt)
}

具体查问时,它会向 prometheus 发送 metric 的查问:

  • 查问表达式:makeExpr(metric, *ops),这里 metric=cluster_cpu_utilisation;
  • 执行查问:p.client.QueryRange(…),向 prometheus 发动查问;
// kubesphere/pkg/simple/client/monitoring/prometheus/prometheus.go
func (p prometheus) GetNamedMetricsOverTime(metrics []string, start, end time.Time, step time.Duration, o monitoring.QueryOption) []monitoring.Metric {var res []monitoring.Metric
  ...
    timeRange := apiv1.Range{
        Start: start,
        End:   end,
        Step:  step,
    }
    for _, metric := range metrics {wg.Add(1)
        go func(metric string) {parsedResp := monitoring.Metric{MetricName: metric}
            // 查问 prometheus
            value, _, err := p.client.QueryRange(context.Background(), makeExpr(metric, *opts), timeRange) 
            parsedResp.MetricData = parseQueryRangeResp(value, genMetricFilter(o))
            ...
            res = append(res, parsedResp)
            wg.Done()}(metric)
    }
    wg.Wait()
    return res
}

重点看一下如何结构查问表达式:

// kubesphere/pkg/simple/client/monitoring/prometheus/promql.go
var promQLTemplates = map[string]string{
    //cluster
    "cluster_cpu_utilisation":            ":node_cpu_utilisation:avg1m",
    ...
}
func makeExpr(metric string, opts monitoring.QueryOptions) string {tmpl := promQLTemplates[metric]
    switch opts.Level {
    case monitoring.LevelCluster:
        return tmpl
    ...
}

对于前端查问的 cluster_cpu_utilisation,发给 prometheus 的是 ”:node_cpu_utilisation:avg1m”,prometheus 上这样一条表达式规定:

- expr: |
    avg(irate(node_cpu_used_seconds_total{job="node-exporter"}[5m]))
  record: :node_cpu_utilisation:avg1m

所以,cluster_cpu_utilisation 指标最终是执行如下 promql 的查问后果:

avg(irate(node_cpu_used_seconds_total{job="node-exporter"}[5m]))

参考:

1.https://v3-1.docs.kubesphere….
2.https://kubesphere.com.cn/for…

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