乐趣区

关于jquery:HTML-容器标签表格列表和div等

jiezi

“构造容器”标签是飞哥本人给的一个定义，意思就是这些标签：次要用做：

  • 定义文档构造
  • 作为其余标签的容器

^_^，大家将就了解一下吧！

列表（List）

有序列表

<ol> <!–ordered list–> <li> 有序列表 </li> <!–list item–> <li> 无序列表 </li> </ol>

无序列表

<ul> <!–unordered list–> <li> 有序列表 </li> <!–list item–> <li> 无序列表 </li> </ul>

列表还能够：

嵌套

<ol> <li> 有序列表 <ul> <li> 我是嵌套项 -1</li> <li> 我是嵌套项 -1</li> </ul> </li> <li> 无序列表 </li> </ol>

表格（table）

看一下这个表格，3 行 2 列

<!– row –>

<!–table head–>

<!–table data cell–>

h1 h2
row 1, cell 1 row 1, cell 2
row 2, cell 1 row 2, cell 2

表格的难点在于它的：

####

#### 合并单元格

合并，是借用的 MS Office 中的表述，严格来讲，应该是“逾越”“延长”（span），能够在单元格（th/td）中应用属性：

* colspan：横向（column 列）合并
* rowspan：纵向（row 行）合并

h1h2
row 1, cell 1 row 1, cell 2
row 2, cell 2

纵向合并了解起来稍稍有点绕，_（__演示__）_

表格在晚期被宽泛用于页面布局，但在 CSS 衰亡之后逐步被 div 所取代。

###

### div 和 span

div 能够了解为一个“块”，页面中的一大块。比方咱们一个网页，能够被分为这么几大块：

* 页头：蕴含了图片 logo 和导航条
* 注释：放入题目、段落、列表、表格等内容
* 页脚：友情链接等

咱们就能够用三个 div 予以示意：

<div> 页头 </div> <div> 注释 </div> <div> 页脚 </div>

而后每个 div 中再各自放入相应的元素。

@想一想 @：为什么要这样做？

div 的一个重要特点是：一个 div（默认）就会占一行，不论这个 div 外面的元素 / 内容有宽。

常常和它绝对比的就是 span，比方：

<span> 我又干啥伤天害理的事了？</span> <span> 一脸懵逼 </span> <span>。原来他又看到了我以前的一篇文章《为什么我不做培训》（找不到了，难道被我无耻的删了？^_^），而后我马上就想起来了，那篇文章里我写了我的理由，大略就是“怕误人子弟，怕同学们缴了钱学不会……”他们当初在调侃他们也学不会，我晓得他们在和我开玩笑，但啪啪打脸的赶脚，啧啧！</span>

其特点是：一个 span 的长度由其中的内容决定，有多长就是多长；多个 span 连贯，有余一行的宽度就在一行中拼接，超出一行的宽度就主动换行。

（比照演示）

具备 div 这种特色的元素就被称之为 块级元素 ，绝对的，具备 span 这种特色的元素就被称之为 流元素。

这在当前学习 CSS 中十分有用。

###

### Html5 语义标签

大量应用 div，导致的一个问题就是：整页都是 div，眼睛都看花了……o(╯□╰)o

所以，Html5 推出了一批（有特定含意的）语义标签，罕用的有：

* header：页头
* nav：导航栏
* main：页面次要局部

* footer：页脚
* article：文章
* section：区域

* aside：侧边栏
* details：细节
* mark：标注
* ……

更多可参考：MDN：HTML5 sections_and_outlines

####

#### 语义化

从浏览器的后果来看，上述 html5 语义标签和 div 或 span 相比，并没有什么区别。

但 HTML5 提倡应用有语义的标签，而不是 div 这种（没有任何含意的）无语义的标签，为什么呢？

* 进步代码的可读性。再次强调：代码是写给人看的！开发人员读这些 html 代码的时候会更难受一些，这很重要。
* 语义化标签还能够给浏览器以外的：
1. 搜索引擎爬虫用，有助于 SEO
2. 其余设施应用，比方盲人阅读器，这时候通知这一段内容是导航、是文章、是侧边栏……就十分有用

标签语义化只是 HTML5 语义化 的一部分，前面咱们还要学习更多的语义化属性，如 alt/title 等
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