共计 14726 个字符,预计需要花费 37 分钟才能阅读完成。
“构造容器”标签是飞哥本人给的一个定义,意思就是这些标签:次要用做:
- 定义文档构造
- 作为其余标签的容器
^_^,大家将就了解一下吧!
列表(List)
有序列表
<ol> <!–ordered list–> <li> 有序列表 </li> <!–list item–> <li> 无序列表 </li> </ol>
无序列表
<ul> <!–unordered list–> <li> 有序列表 </li> <!–list item–> <li> 无序列表 </li> </ul>
列表还能够:
嵌套
<ol> <li> 有序列表 <ul> <li> 我是嵌套项 -1</li> <li> 我是嵌套项 -1</li> </ul> </li> <li> 无序列表 </li> </ol>
表格(table)
看一下这个表格,3 行 2 列
h1 | h2 |
---|---|
row 1, cell 1 | row 1, cell 2 |
row 2, cell 1 | row 2, cell 2 |
表格的难点在于它的:
####
#### 合并单元格
合并,是借用的 MS Office 中的表述,严格来讲,应该是“逾越”“延长”(span),能够在单元格(th/td)中应用属性:
* colspan:横向(column 列)合并
* rowspan:纵向(row 行)合并
h1h2 | |
---|---|
row 1, cell 1 | row 1, cell 2 |
row 2, cell 2 |
纵向合并了解起来稍稍有点绕,_(__演示__)_
表格在晚期被宽泛用于页面布局,但在 CSS 衰亡之后逐步被 div 所取代。
###
### div 和 span
div 能够了解为一个“块”,页面中的一大块。比方咱们一个网页,能够被分为这么几大块:
* 页头:蕴含了图片 logo 和导航条
* 注释:放入题目、段落、列表、表格等内容
* 页脚:友情链接等
咱们就能够用三个 div 予以示意:
<div> 页头 </div> <div> 注释 </div> <div> 页脚 </div>
而后每个 div 中再各自放入相应的元素。
@想一想 @:为什么要这样做?
div 的一个重要特点是:一个 div(默认)就会占一行,不论这个 div 外面的元素 / 内容有宽。
常常和它绝对比的就是 span,比方:
<span> 我又干啥伤天害理的事了?</span> <span> 一脸懵逼 </span> <span>。原来他又看到了我以前的一篇文章《为什么我不做培训》(找不到了,难道被我无耻的删了?^_^),而后我马上就想起来了,那篇文章里我写了我的理由,大略就是“怕误人子弟,怕同学们缴了钱学不会……”他们当初在调侃他们也学不会,我晓得他们在和我开玩笑,但啪啪打脸的赶脚,啧啧!</span>
其特点是:一个 span 的长度由其中的内容决定,有多长就是多长;多个 span 连贯,有余一行的宽度就在一行中拼接,超出一行的宽度就主动换行。
(比照演示)
具备 div 这种特色的元素就被称之为 块级元素 ,绝对的,具备 span 这种特色的元素就被称之为 流元素。
这在当前学习 CSS 中十分有用。
###
### Html5 语义标签
大量应用 div,导致的一个问题就是:整页都是 div,眼睛都看花了……o(╯□╰)o
所以,Html5 推出了一批(有特定含意的)语义标签,罕用的有:
* header:页头
* nav:导航栏
* main:页面次要局部
* footer:页脚
* article:文章
* section:区域
* aside:侧边栏
* details:细节
* mark:标注
* ……
更多可参考:MDN:HTML5 sections_and_outlines
####
#### 语义化
从浏览器的后果来看,上述 html5 语义标签和 div 或 span 相比,并没有什么区别。
但 HTML5 提倡应用有语义的标签,而不是 div 这种(没有任何含意的)无语义的标签,为什么呢?
* 进步代码的可读性。再次强调:代码是写给人看的!开发人员读这些 html 代码的时候会更难受一些,这很重要。
* 语义化标签还能够给浏览器以外的:
1. 搜索引擎爬虫用,有助于 SEO
2. 其余设施应用,比方盲人阅读器,这时候通知这一段内容是导航、是文章、是侧边栏……就十分有用
标签语义化只是 HTML5 语义化 的一部分,前面咱们还要学习更多的语义化属性,如 alt/title 等
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