关于java:Spring-Security-JWT-实现一个权限系统写的太好了吧

作者：小小____\
起源：segmentfault.com/a/1190000023052493

思维导图如下

RBAC 权限剖析

RBAC 全称为基于角色的权限管制，本段将会从什么是 RBAC，模型分类，什么是权限，用户组的应用，实例剖析等几个方面论述 RBAC

思维导图

绘制思维导图如下

什么是 RBAC

RBAC 全称为用户角色权限管制，通过角色关联用户，角色关联权限，这种形式，间阶的赋予用户的权限，如下图所示

对于通常的零碎而言，存在多个用户具备雷同的权限，在调配的时候，要为指定的用户调配相干的权限，批改的时候也要顺次的对这几个用户的权限进行批改，有了角色这个权限，在批改权限的时候，只须要对角色进行批改，就能够实现相干的权限的批改。这样做减少了效率，缩小了权限破绽的产生。

模型分类

对于 RBAC 模型来说，分为以下几个模型 别离是 RBAC0，RBAC1，RBAC2，RBAC3，这四个模型，这段将会顺次介绍这四个模型，其中最罕用的模型有 RBAC0.

RBAC0

RBAC0 是最简略的 RBAC 模型，这外面蕴含了两种。

用户和角色是多对一的关系，即一个用户只充当一种角色，一个角色能够有多个角色的担当。
用户和角色是多对多的关系，即，一个用户能够同时充当多个角色，一个角色能够有多个用户。
此零碎性能繁多，人员较少，这里举个栗子，张三既是行政，也负责财务，此时张三就有俩个权限，别离是行政权限，和财务权限两个局部。

RBAC1

绝对于 RBAC0 模型来说，减少了子角色，引入了继承的概念。

RBAC2 模型

这里 RBAC2 模型，在 RBAC0 模型的根底上，减少了一些性能，以及限度

角色互斥

即，同一个用户不能领有两个互斥的角色，举个例子，在财务零碎中，一个用户不能领有会计员和审计这两种角色。

基数束缚

即，用一个角色，所领有的成员是固定的，例如对于 CEO 这种角色，同一个角色，也只能有一个用户。

先决条件

即，对于该角色来说，如果想要取得更高的角色，须要先获取低一级别的角色。举个栗子，对于副总经理和经理这两个权限来说，须要先有副总经理权限，能力领有经理权限，其中副总经理权限是经理权限的先决条件。

运行时互斥

即，一个用户能够领有两个角色，然而这俩个角色不能同时应用，须要切换角色能力进入另外一个角色。举个栗子，对于总经理和专员这两个角色，零碎只能在一段时间，领有其一个角色，不能同时对这两种角色进行操作。

RBAC3 模型

即，RBAC1，RBAC2，两者模型全副累计，称为对立模型。

什么是权限

权限是资源的汇合，这里的资源指的是软件中的所有的内容，即，对页面的操作权限，对页面的拜访权限，对数据的增删查改的权限。举个栗子。对于下图中的零碎而言，

领有，打算治理，客户治理，合同治理，出入库通知单治理，粮食安全追溯，食粮统计查问，设施治理这几个页面，对这几个页面的拜访，以及是否可能拜访到菜单，都属于权限。

用户组的应用

对于用户组来说，是把泛滥的用户划分为一组，进行批量授予角色，即，批量授予权限。举个栗子，对于部门来说，一个部门领有一万多个员工，这些员工都领有雷同的角色，如果没有用户组，可能须要一个个的授予相干的角色，在领有了用户组当前，只须要，把这些用户全副划分为一组，而后对该组设置授予角色，就等同于对这些用户授予角色。

长处：缩小工作量，便于了解，减少多级治理，等。

SpringSecurity 简略应用

首先增加依赖

Spring Boot 根底就不介绍了，举荐下这个实战教程：
https://github.com/javastacks…

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>

而后增加相干的拜访接口

package com.example.demo.web;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/test")
public class Test {@RequestMapping("/test")
    public String test(){return "test";}
}

最初启动我的项目，在日志中查看相干的明码

拜访接口，能够看到相干的登录界面

输出用户名和相干的明码

 用户名：user
明码 984cccf2-ba82-468e-a404-7d32123d0f9c

登录胜利

减少用户名和明码

在配置文件中，书写相干的登录和明码

spring:
  security:
    user:
      name: ming
      password: 123456
      roles: admin

在登录页面，输出用户名和明码，即可失常登录

基于内存的认证

须要自定义类继承 WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter 代码如下

package com.example.demo.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.NoOpPasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;

@Configuration
public class MyWebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
    @Bean
    PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder(){return NoOpPasswordEncoder.getInstance();
    }

    @Override
    protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {auth.inMemoryAuthentication()
                .withUser("admin").password("123").roles("admin");
    }
}

即，配置的用户名为 admin，明码为 123，角色为 admin

HttpSecurity

这里对一些办法进行拦挡

package com.ming.demo.interceptor;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.method.configuration.EnableGlobalMethodSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.rememberme.TokenBasedRememberMeServices;

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
public class SecurityConfig  extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
    // 基于内存的用户存储
    @Override
    public void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {auth.inMemoryAuthentication()
                .withUser("itguang").password("123456").roles("USER").and()
                .withUser("admin").password("{noop}" + "123456").roles("ADMIN");
    }

    // 申请拦挡
    @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {http.authorizeRequests()
                .anyRequest().permitAll()
                .and()
                .formLogin()
                .permitAll()
                .and()
                .logout()
                .permitAll();}

}

即，这里实现了对所有的办法拜访的拦挡。

SpringSecurity 集成 JWT

这是一个小 demo，目标，登录当前返回 jwt 生成的 token

导入依赖

增加 web 依赖

导入 JWT 和 Security 依赖

 <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/io.jsonwebtoken/jjwt -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
            <artifactId>jjwt</artifactId>
            <version>0.9.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-security -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.1.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

创立一个 JwtUser 实现 UserDetails

创立 一个相干的 JavaBean

package com.example.demo;

import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;

import java.util.Collection;

public class JwtUser implements UserDetails {
    private String username;
    private String password;
    private Integer state;
    private Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> authorities;
    public JwtUser(){}

    public JwtUser(String username, String password, Integer state,  Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> authorities){
        this.username = username;
        this.password = password;
        this.state = state;
        this.authorities = authorities;
    }

    @Override
    public Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> getAuthorities() {return authorities;}

    @Override
    public String getPassword() {return this.password;}

    @Override
    public String getUsername() {return this.username;}

    @Override
    public boolean isAccountNonExpired() {return true;}

    @Override
    public boolean isAccountNonLocked() {return true;}

    @Override
    public boolean isCredentialsNonExpired() {return true;}

    @Override
    public boolean isEnabled() {return true;}
}

编写工具类生成令牌

编写工具类，用来生成 token，以及刷新 token，以及验证 token

package com.example.demo;

import io.jsonwebtoken.Claims;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Jwts;
import io.jsonwebtoken.SignatureAlgorithm;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class JwtTokenUtil implements Serializable {
    private String secret;
    private Long expiration;
    private String header;

    private String generateToken(Map<String, Object> claims) {Date expirationDate = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + expiration);
        return Jwts.builder().setClaims(claims).setExpiration(expirationDate).signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS512, secret).compact();}

    private Claims getClaimsFromToken(String token) {
        Claims claims;
        try {claims = Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(secret).parseClaimsJws(token).getBody();} catch (Exception e) {claims = null;}
        return claims;
    }

    public String generateToken(UserDetails userDetails) {Map<String, Object> claims = new HashMap<>(2);
        claims.put("sub", userDetails.getUsername());
        claims.put("created", new Date());
        return generateToken(claims);

    }

    public String getUsernameFromToken(String token) {
        String username;
        try {Claims claims = getClaimsFromToken(token);
            username = claims.getSubject();} catch (Exception e) {username = null;}
        return username;

    }

    public Boolean isTokenExpired(String token) {
        try {Claims claims = getClaimsFromToken(token);
            Date expiration = claims.getExpiration();
            return expiration.before(new Date());
        } catch (Exception e) {return false;}
    }

    public String refreshToken(String token) {
        String refreshedToken;
        try {Claims claims = getClaimsFromToken(token);
            claims.put("created", new Date());
            refreshedToken = generateToken(claims);

        } catch (Exception e) {refreshedToken = null;}
        return refreshedToken;
    }

    public Boolean validateToken(String token, UserDetails userDetails) {JwtUser user = (JwtUser) userDetails;
        String username = getUsernameFromToken(token);
        return (username.equals(user.getUsername()) && !isTokenExpired(token));

    }

}

编写拦截器

编写 Filter 用来检测 JWT

package com.example.demo;

import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken;
import org.springframework.security.core.context.SecurityContextHolder;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.WebAuthenticationDetailsSource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter;

import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@Component
public class JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter  extends OncePerRequestFilter {
    @Autowired
    private UserDetailsService userDetailsService;
    @Autowired
    private JwtTokenUtil jwtTokenUtil;

    @Override
    protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws ServletException, IOException {String authHeader = httpServletRequest.getHeader(jwtTokenUtil.getHeader());
        if (authHeader != null && StringUtils.isNotEmpty(authHeader)) {String username = jwtTokenUtil.getUsernameFromToken(authHeader);
            if (username != null && SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication() == null) {UserDetails userDetails = this.userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(username);
                if (jwtTokenUtil.validateToken(authHeader, userDetails)) {
                    UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authentication  =
                    new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(userDetails,null,userDetails.getAuthorities());
                    authentication.setDetails(new WebAuthenticationDetailsSource().buildDetails(httpServletRequest));
                    SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication);

                }
            }
        }
        filterChain.doFilter(httpServletRequest, httpServletResponse);

    }
}

编写 userDetailsService 的实现类

在上方代码中，编写 userDetailsService，类，实现其验证过程

package com.example.demo;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.security.core.authority.SimpleGrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UsernameNotFoundException;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import javax.management.relation.Role;
import java.util.List;

@Service
public class JwtUserDetailsServiceImpl  implements UserDetailsService {
    @Autowired
    private UserMapper userMapper;

    @Override
    public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String s) throws UsernameNotFoundException {User user = userMapper.selectByUserName(s);
        if (user == null) {throw new UsernameNotFoundException(String.format("'%s'. 这个用户不存在 ", s));

        }
        List<SimpleGrantedAuthority> collect = user.getRoles().stream().map(Role::getRolename).map(SimpleGrantedAuthority::new).collect(Collectors.toList());
        return new JwtUser(user.getUsername(), user.getPassword(), user.getState(), collect);

    }
}

编写登录

编写登录业务的实现类 其 login 办法会返回一个 JWTUtils 的 token

@Service
public class UserServiceImpl  implements UserService {
    @Autowired
    private UserMapper userMapper;

    @Autowired
    private AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;

    @Autowired
    private UserDetailsService userDetailsService;

    @Autowired
    private JwtTokenUtil jwtTokenUtil;

    public User findByUsername(String username) {User user = userMapper.selectByUserName(username);
        return user;

    }

    public RetResult login(String username, String password) throws AuthenticationException {UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken upToken = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(username, password);
        final Authentication authentication = authenticationManager.authenticate(upToken);
        SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication);
        UserDetails userDetails = userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(username);
        return new RetResult(RetCode.SUCCESS.getCode(),jwtTokenUtil.generateToken(userDetails));

    }
}

最初配置 Config

@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(prePostEnabled = true)
@EnableWebSecurity
public class WebSecurity extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
    @Autowired
    private UserDetailsService userDetailsService;
    @Autowired
    private JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter jwtAuthenticationTokenFilter;

    @Autowired
    public void configureAuthentication(AuthenticationManagerBuilder authenticationManagerBuilder) throws Exception {authenticationManagerBuilder.userDetailsService(this.userDetailsService).passwordEncoder(passwordEncoder());

    }

    @Bean(name = BeanIds.AUTHENTICATION_MANAGER)

    @Override
    public AuthenticationManager authenticationManagerBean() throws Exception {return super.authenticationManagerBean();
    }

    @Bean
    public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();

    }

    @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {http.csrf().disable().sessionManagement().sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS)
                .and().authorizeRequests()
                .antMatchers(HttpMethod.OPTIONS, "/**").permitAll()
                .antMatchers("/auth/**").permitAll()
                .anyRequest().authenticated()
                .and().headers().cacheControl();

        http.addFilterBefore(jwtAuthenticationTokenFilter, UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);

        ExpressionUrlAuthorizationConfigurer<HttpSecurity>.ExpressionInterceptUrlRegistry registry = http.authorizeRequests();

        registry.requestMatchers(CorsUtils::isPreFlightRequest).permitAll();}

    @Bean
    public CorsFilter corsFilter() {final UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource urlBasedCorsConfigurationSource = new UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource();
        final CorsConfiguration cors = new CorsConfiguration();
        cors.setAllowCredentials(true);
        cors.addAllowedOrigin("*");
        cors.addAllowedHeader("*");
        cors.addAllowedMethod("*");
        urlBasedCorsConfigurationSource.registerCorsConfiguration("/**", cors);
        return new CorsFilter(urlBasedCorsConfigurationSource);

    }
}

运行，返回 token

运行，返回后果为 token

SpringSecurity JSON 登录

这里配置 SpringSecurity 之 JSON 登录

这里须要重写 UsernamePasswordAnthenticationFilter 类，以及配置 SpringSecurity

重写 UsernamePasswordAnthenticationFilter

public class CustomAuthenticationFilter extends UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter {

    @Override
    public Authentication attemptAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws AuthenticationException {

        //attempt Authentication when Content-Type is json
        if(request.getContentType().equals(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE)
                ||request.getContentType().equals(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE)){

            //use jackson to deserialize json
            ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
            UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authRequest = null;
            try (InputStream is = request.getInputStream()){AuthenticationBean authenticationBean = mapper.readValue(is,AuthenticationBean.class);
                authRequest = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(authenticationBean.getUsername(), authenticationBean.getPassword());
            }catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();
                authRequest = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken("","");
            }finally {setDetails(request, authRequest);
                return this.getAuthenticationManager().authenticate(authRequest);
            }
        }

        //transmit it to UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter
        else {return super.attemptAuthentication(request, response);
        }
    }
}

配置 SecurityConfig

@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
    http
            .cors().and()
            .antMatcher("/**").authorizeRequests()
            .antMatchers("/", "/login**").permitAll()
            .anyRequest().authenticated()
            // 这里必须要写 formLogin()，不然原有的 UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter 不会呈现，也就无奈配置咱们从新的 UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter
            .and().formLogin().loginPage("/")
            .and().csrf().disable();

    // 用重写的 Filter 替换掉原有的 UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter
    http.addFilterAt(customAuthenticationFilter(),
    UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);
}

// 注册自定义的 UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter
@Bean
CustomAuthenticationFilter customAuthenticationFilter() throws Exception {CustomAuthenticationFilter filter = new CustomAuthenticationFilter();
    filter.setAuthenticationSuccessHandler(new SuccessHandler());
    filter.setAuthenticationFailureHandler(new FailureHandler());
    filter.setFilterProcessesUrl("/login/self");

    // 这句很要害，重用 WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter 配置的 AuthenticationManager，不然要本人组装 AuthenticationManager
    filter.setAuthenticationManager(authenticationManagerBean());
    return filter;
}

这样就实现应用 json 登录 SpringSecurity

Spring Security 明码加密形式

须要在 Config 类中配置如下内容

 /**
     * 明码加密
     */
    @Bean
    public BCryptPasswordEncoder passwordEncoder(){return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
    }

即，应用此办法，对明码进行加密，在业务层的时候，应用此加密的办法

@Service
@Transactional
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {

    @Resource
    private UserRepository userRepository;

    @Resource
    private BCryptPasswordEncoder bCryptPasswordEncoder;  // 注入 bcryct 加密
    @Override
    public User add(User user) {user.setPassword(bCryptPasswordEncoder.encode(user.getPassword())); // 对明码进行加密
        User user2 = userRepository.save(user);
        return user2;
    }
    @Override
    public ResultInfo login(User user) {ResultInfo resultInfo=new ResultInfo();
        User user2 = userRepository.findByName(user.getName());
        if (user2==null) {resultInfo.setCode("-1");
            resultInfo.setMessage("用户名不存在");
            return resultInfo;
        }

        // 判断明码是否正确
        if (!bCryptPasswordEncoder.matches(user.getPassword(),user2.getPassword())) {resultInfo.setCode("-1");
            resultInfo.setMessage("明码不正确");
            return resultInfo;
        }
        resultInfo.setMessage("登录胜利");
        return resultInfo;
    }
}

即，应用 BCryptPasswordEncoder 对明码进行加密，保留数据库

应用数据库认证

这里应用数据库认证 SpringSecurity

设计数据表

这里设计数据表

着重配置 SpringConfig

@Configurable
public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;    // service 层注入

    @Bean
    PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder(){return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
    }

    @Override
    protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
        // 参数传入 Service，进行验证
        auth.userDetailsService(userService);
    }

    @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {http.authorizeRequests()
                .antMatchers("/admin/**").hasRole("admin")
                .anyRequest().authenticated()
                .and()
                .formLogin()
                .loginProcessingUrl("/login").permitAll()
                .and()
                .csrf().disable();
    }
}

这里着重配置 SpringConfig

小结

着重解说了 RBAC 的权限配置，以及简略的应用 SpringSecurity，以及应用 SpringSecurity + JWT 实现前后端的拆散，以及配置 json 登录，和明码加密形式，

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