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1.keep-alive 组件的 props:
-
include
– 字符串或正则表达式。只有名称匹配的组件会被缓存。 -
exclude
– 字符串或正则表达式。任何名称匹配的组件都不会被缓存。 -
max
– 数字。最多能够缓存多少组件实例。2.keep-alive 是 vue 的内建组件,所有组件能够通过 components 获取 keep-alive 组件选项(内建组件是以原型的模式保留在 components 对象上,而不是间接保留在 components 上),依据获取到的组件选项创立 keep-alive 组件。
// keep-alive 组件选项
var KeepAlive = {
name: 'keep-alive',
abstract: true, // 形象组件
props: {...},
created: function created() {this.cache = Object.create(null);// 缓存组件
this.keys = [];// 缓存组件标识},
mouted: {...},
render: {...}
};
3.keep-alive 组件渲染页面调用 render 函数时,先获取 keep-alive 组件标签内的组件标签节点(默认插槽生成的节点,VNode 实例)。再依据组件名称判断节点是否满足缓存的条件,如果不满足间接返回节点,否则判断该节点是否曾经缓存。如果曾经缓存,间接读取之前缓存的组件(Vue 实例),保留到以后节点上,而后返回以后节点。如果未缓存,则缓存以后节点后再返回。缓存的内容是组件,组件本身蕴含了数据状态,依据数据渲染页面,所以组件激活时可能放弃之前的状态。
// keep-alive render 函数
render: function render() {
var slot = this.$slots.default; // 获取组件内标签节点
var vnode = getFirstComponentChild(slot);
var componentOptions = vnode && vnode.componentOptions;
if (componentOptions) {
// check pattern
var name = getComponentName(componentOptions); // 获取组件名称
var ref = this;
var include = ref.include;
var exclude = ref.exclude;
if (
// not included
(include && (!name || !matches(include, name))) || // include 中没有 name
// excluded
(exclude && name && matches(exclude, name)) // exclude 中有 name
) {return vnode; // 不缓存间接返回}
var ref$1 = this;
var cache = ref$1.cache;
var keys = ref$1.keys;
var key =
vnode.key == null
? // same constructor may get registered as different local components
// so cid alone is not enough (#3269)
componentOptions.Ctor.cid +
(componentOptions.tag ? "::" + componentOptions.tag : "")
: vnode.key;
if (cache[key]) {
// 间接读取缓存组件
vnode.componentInstance = cache[key].componentInstance;
// make current key freshest
remove(keys, key);
keys.push(key);
} else {
// 增加组件缓存
cache[key] = vnode;
keys.push(key);
// prune oldest entry
if (this.max && keys.length > parseInt(this.max)) {// 超出最大数量限度,销毁最先换成的节点实例(max 为字符串 0 时会报错)
pruneCacheEntry(cache, keys[0], keys, this._vnode);
}
}
vnode.data.keepAlive = true; // 组件缓存标识,保障组件不被销毁
}
return vnode || (slot && slot[0]);
}
4. 缓存组件激活(节点 DOM 插入到页面)时,调用 activated
组件生命周期函数。当缓存组件标签切换,组件节点销毁时,因为组件节点标识 keepAlive 为 true,并不会调用 $destory 销毁组件,而是解冻组件并触发 deactivated
组件生命周期函数,同时将组件对应的 DOM 从文档中移除。
// 节点生命周期
var componentVNodeHooks = {
...
insert: function insert (vnode) {
var context = vnode.context;
var componentInstance = vnode.componentInstance;
if (!componentInstance._isMounted) {
componentInstance._isMounted = true;
callHook(componentInstance, 'mounted');// 插入到 DOM 后触发
}
if (vnode.data.keepAlive) {if (context._isMounted) {
// vue-router#1212
// During updates, a kept-alive component's child components may
// change, so directly walking the tree here may call activated hooks
// on incorrect children. Instead we push them into a queue which will
// be processed after the whole patch process ended.
queueActivatedComponent(componentInstance);
} else {activateChildComponent(componentInstance, true /* direct */);// 激活组件
}
}
},
...
destroy: function destroy (vnode) {// 节点销毁时的生命周期函数
var componentInstance = vnode.componentInstance;
if (!componentInstance._isDestroyed) {if (!vnode.data.keepAlive) {// 是不是 keep-alive 中的缓存组件
componentInstance.$destroy();} else {deactivateChildComponent(componentInstance, true /* direct */);
}
}
}
};
// 激活组件
function activateChildComponent (vm, direct) {if (direct) {
vm._directInactive = false;
if (isInInactiveTree(vm)) {return}
} else if (vm._directInactive) {return}
if (vm._inactive || vm._inactive === null) {
vm._inactive = false;
for (var i = 0; i < vm.$children.length; i++) {activateChildComponent(vm.$children[i]);
}
callHook(vm, 'activated');
}
}
// 解冻组件
function deactivateChildComponent (vm, direct) {if (direct) {
vm._directInactive = true;
if (isInInactiveTree(vm)) {return}
}
if (!vm._inactive) {
vm._inactive = true;
for (var i = 0; i < vm.$children.length; i++) {deactivateChildComponent(vm.$children[i]);// 解冻子组件
}
callHook(vm, 'deactivated');// 调用组件解冻生命周期函数
}
}
5.keep-alive 是通过 include 和 exclude 判断组件是否缓存。在 keep-alive 组件 mounted 生命周期函数中,通过组件内置的 $watch 办法监测 include 和 exclude 值的变动,当发生变化时,依据变动后的值判断以后曾经缓存的组件哪些不满足缓存条件,不满足缓存条件的革除组件缓存。通过 include 和 exclude 能够实现动静缓存,例如人员列表页面跳转到车辆列表页面不缓存,然而跳转到人员详情页缓存,就能够页面跳转前更改 include 或者 exclude 值,更新缓存条件,实现动静缓存。
// keep-alive props
props: {
include: patternTypes,
exclude: patternTypes,
max: [String, Number],
}
// keep-alive mouted 生命周期函数
mounted: function mounted() {
var this$1 = this;
this.$watch("include", function (val) {
// 监测 include 属性值变动
pruneCache(this$1, function (name) {return matches(val, name);
}); // 当组件不满足缓存条件时销毁
});
this.$watch("exclude", function (val) {
// 监测 exclude 属性值变动
pruneCache(this$1, function (name) {return !matches(val, name);
}); // 当组件不满足缓存条件时销毁
});
}
6.keep-alive
组件销毁时,同时也会销毁缓存的组件。
// keep-alive destroyed 生命周期函数
destroyed: function destroyed() {for (var key in this.cache) {pruneCacheEntry(this.cache, key, this.keys); // 销毁组件
}
}