关于javascript:react之组件通信

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前言

      最新在做 react 的 B 端我的项目、因为我的项目中没有用到 Redux 等数据管理库、所以波及到了很多组件之前的数据传递和嵌套组件如何传递的形式,温故而知新 特此整顿记录一下。

常见的组建通信的形式:

  • 父子组件通信
  • 子父组件通信
  • 兄弟组件通信
  • 爷孙通信(嵌套组件)
  • 等等

代码环境:

react: ^16.13.0

react-dom:^16.8.2

父子组件通信:

通常来说是父组件通过 props、refs 等形式来调用子组件的办法和属性等;

props: 子组件承受父组件的值进行视图更新

class 组件:

import React, {Component} from 'react'

// 子组件
class Child extends Component {constructor(props) {super(props)
    this.state = {}}

  render() {const { mun} = this.props;
    return (
      <>
        这里是 child 子组件:<p>{mun}</p>
      </>
    )
  }
}

// 父组件
class Parent extends Component {constructor(props) {super(props)
    this.state = {mun:1}
  }

  handleParent = () => {
    this.setState({mun: this.state.mun + 1})
  }

  render() {const { mun} = this.state
    return (
      <>
        <button onClick={this.handleParent}> 我是父组件的按钮。你能够点击我 </button>
        <br />

        <Child mun={mun} />
      </>
    )
  }
}

export default Parent

Hooks 组件:

import React, {useState} from 'react'
const Child = (props) => {const { mun} = props;
  return (
    <>
      这里是 child 子组件:<p>{mun}</p>
    </>
  )
}


const Parent = () =>{const [mun, setMun] = useState(0)

  const handleParent = () => {setMun((value) => {return value + 1})
  }

  return (
    <>
      <button onClick={handleParent}> 我是父组件的按钮。你能够点击我 </button>
      <br />

      <Child mun={mun} />
    </>
  )
}

export default Parent

refs:父组件通过申明 ref 拿到子组件的对象、进行操作子组件的对象办法

class 组件:

import React, {Component, createRef} from 'react'

// 子组件
class Child extends Component {constructor(props) {super(props)
    this.state = {mun:1}
  }

  // 子组件累加累加
  accumulation = () => {
    this.setState({mun: this.state.mun + 1})
  } 

  render() {const { mun} = this.state
    return (
      <>
        这里是 child 子组件:<p>{mun}</p>
      </>
    )
  }
}


// 父组件
class Parent extends Component {constructor(props) {super(props)

    // 通过 ref 管制
    this.createRef = createRef()
    this.state = {}}

  handleParent = () => {this.createRef && this.createRef.current.accumulation()
  }

  render() {
    return (
      <>
        <button onClick={this.handleParent}> 我是父组件的按钮。你能够点击我 </button>
        <br />

        <Child ref={this.createRef} />
      </>
    )
  }
}

export default Parent

Hooks 组件:

留神 :在 hooks 中须要通过forwardRef 转发获取 ref 的值,而后通过 useImperativeHandle 向父组件抛出子组件的办法。

import React, {useRef, useState, useImperativeHandle, forwardRef} from 'react'

const Child = forwardRef((_, ref) => {const [mun, setMun] = useState(0)

  // 累加办法
  const accumulation = () => {setMun((value) => {return value + 1})
  }
  
  // 给父组件抛出办法
  useImperativeHandle(ref, () => ({accumulation,}), [accumulation]);

  return (
    <>
      这里是 child 子组件:<p>{mun}</p>
    </>
  )
})

const Parent = () =>{const ChildRef = useRef(null);

  const handleParent = () => {ChildRef.current && ChildRef.current.accumulation()
  }

  return (
    <>
      <button onClick={handleParent}> 我是父组件的按钮。你能够点击我 </button>
      <br />

      <Child ref={ChildRef} />
    </>
  )
}

export default Parent

子父组件通信:

子组件通过 CallBack 回调函数的形式来拿到父组件的办法或者属性等

Class 组件:

import React, {Component, createRef} from 'react'

// 子组件
class Child extends Component {constructor(props) {super(props)
    this.state = {mun:0}
  }

  // 子组件累加累加
  accumulation = () => {const { handleParent} = this.props
    const {mun} = this.state

    this.setState({mun:this.state.mun + 1},() => {handleParent(this.state.mun)
    })
  } 

  render() {const  { mun} = this.props
    return (
      <>
        这里是 child 子组件:{/* <p>{ mun}</p> */}
        <button onClick={this.accumulation}> 我是子组件的按钮、能够点击我 </button>
      </>
    )
  }
}


// 父组件
class Parent extends Component {constructor(props) {super(props)

    // 通过 ref 管制
    this.ChildRef = createRef()
    this.state = {getChildmun:0}
  }

  handleParent = (_mun) => {
    this.setState({getChildmun:_mun})
  }

  render() {const { getChildmun} = this.state
    return (
      <>
        <h2> 我是父组件 </h2>
        <p> 子组件管制的值:{getChildmun}</p>
        <br />
        <Child handleParent={this.handleParent} />
      </>
    )
  }
}

export default Parent

Hooks 组件:

import React, {useState, useEffect} from 'react'

const Child = (props) => {const { handleParent} = props;
  const [mun,setMun] = useState(0)

   // 子组件累加累加
  const accumulation = () => {setMun((value) => {return value + 1})
  } 

  useEffect(() => {if(mun !== 0) {handleParent(mun)
    }
  }, [mun]);

  return (
    <>
      这里是 child 子组件:<button onClick={accumulation}> 我是子组件的按钮、能够点击我 </button>
    </>
  )
}



const Parent = () =>{const [getChildmun,setChildmun] = useState(0);

  return (
    <>
        <h2> 我是父组件 </h2>
        <p> 子组件管制的值:{getChildmun}</p>
        <br />
        <Child handleParent={(mun) => setChildmun(mun)} />
    </>
  )
}

export default Parent

兄弟组件通信:

兄弟组件通信个别都是在一个父组件下平级的两个兄弟组件、利用父组件当中介进行传递

Class 组件:

import React, {Component, createRef} from 'react'

// 子组件 1
class Child1 extends Component {constructor(props) {super(props)
    this.state = {mun:0}
  }

  render() {const { brother} = this.props

    return (
      <>
        <h2> 我是 Child1 组件:{brother}</h2>
      </>
    )
  }
}

// 子组件 1
class Child2 extends Component {constructor(props) {super(props)
    this.state = {mun:0}
  }

  // 扭转本人的值、通过父组件传递
  accumulation = () => {const { brotherCallback} = this.props
    
   this.setState({mun:this.state.mun + 1}, () => {brotherCallback(this.state.mun)
   })
  } 

  render() {const  { mun} = this.props
    return (
      <>
        <h2> 我是 Child2 组件:</h2>
        <button onClick={this.accumulation}> 点击我 扭转 [Child1] 组件的值 </button>
      </>
    )
  }
}

// 父组件
class Parent extends Component {constructor(props) {super(props)

    // 通过 ref 管制
    this.ChildRef = createRef()
    this.state = {brother:0}
  }

  // 利用中介的形式
  brotherCallback = (mun) => {
    this.setState({brother:mun})
  }

  render() {const { brother} = this.state 
    return (
      <>
        <h2> 我是父组件 </h2>
        <hr />
        <Child1 brother={brother} />
        <hr />
        <Child2 brotherCallback={this.brotherCallback}/>
      </>
    )
  }
}

export default Parent

Hooks 组件:

import React, {useState,useEffect} from 'react'

const Child1 = (props) => {const { brother} = props;
  return (
    <>
       <h2> 我是 Child1 组件:{brother}</h2>
    </>
  )
}

const Child2 = (props) => {const [mun, setMun] = useState(0)
  const {brotherCallback} = props

  // 扭转本人的值、通过父组件传递
  const accumulation = () => {setMun((value) => {return value + 1})
  } 

  useEffect(() => {if(mun !== 0) {brotherCallback(mun)
   }
  }, [mun])

  return (
    <>
      <h2> 我是 Child2 组件:</h2>
      <button onClick={accumulation}> 点击我 扭转 [Child1] 组件的值 </button>
    </>
  )
}

const Parent = () => {const [brother,setBrother] = useState(0);
  return (
    <>
       <h2> 我是父组件 </h2>
        <hr />
        <Child1 brother={brother} />
        <hr />
        <Child2 brotherCallback={(mun) => setBrother(mun)}/>
    </>
  )
}

export default Parent

(爷孙组件)嵌套组件:

嵌套组件其实也能够采纳父子组件的传递形式、然而如果层级过深显然不好保护,所以这里举荐采纳 Context 进行保护数据源的状态

详情请看:Context 文档形容的很具体。

Class 组件:

import React, {Component, createRef} from 'react'

// 前期能够把他独自放在一个 js 文件维护
const ThemeContext = React.createContext();

// 孙子组件
class Grandson extends Component{constructor(props) {super(props)
    this.state = {}}

  static contextType = ThemeContext;
  
  shouting = () => {const { grandsonCallback} = this.context
    grandsonCallback({massge:"我累了、覆灭吧"})
  }

  render() {const { parentObj} = this.context
    return (
      <>
       <h2> 我是孙子组件 </h2>
       <p> 接管的值:{parentObj.name} 年龄 {parentObj.age} 岁 </p>
       <button onClick={this.shouting}> 隔空喊话 </button>
      </>
    )
  }
}

// 儿子组件
class Child extends Component {constructor(props) {super(props)
    this.state = {}}

  render() {
    return (
      <>
       <h2> 我是儿子组件 </h2>
       <hr />
       <Grandson />
      </>
    )
  }
}

// 父组件
class Parent extends Component {constructor(props) {super(props)

    this.state = {
      parentObj:{
        name:"我是你爷爷",
        age:88
      },
      // 承受孙子组件的数据
      grandson:{}}
  }

  grandsonCallback = (data) => {
    this.setState({grandson:data})
  }
  render() {const { parentObj, grandson} = this.state;
    return (
      <>
        <h2> 我是父组件 </h2>
        <p>{(grandson && grandson.massge) ? grandson.massge : '' }</p>
        <hr />
        <ThemeContext.Provider value={{ parentObj, grandsonCallback: this.grandsonCallback} }>
          <Child />
        </ThemeContext.Provider>
      </>
    )
  }
}

export default Parent

Hooks 组件:

import React, {useState, useContext} from 'react'

// 前期能够把他独自放在一个 js 文件维护
const ThemeContext = React.createContext();

const Grandson = () => {const context = useContext(ThemeContext)
  const {parentObj, grandsonCallback} = context;

  const shouting = () => {
    grandsonCallback({massge:"我累了、覆灭吧"})
  }

  return (
    <>
     <h2> 我是孙子组件 </h2>
     <p> 接管的值:{parentObj.name} 年龄 {parentObj.age} 岁 </p>
     <button onClick={shouting}> 隔空喊话 </button>
    </>
  )
}

const Child = () => {
  return (
    <>
      <h2> 我是儿子组件 </h2>
      <hr />
      <Grandson />
    </>
  )
}

const Parent = () =>{const [grandson, setGrandson] = useState({});
  const [parentObj, setParentObj] = useState(
  {
    name:"我是你爷爷",
    age:88
  });

  const grandsonCallback = (data) => {setGrandson(data)
  }

  return (
    <>
      <h2> 我是父组件 </h2>
      <p>{(grandson && grandson.massge) ? grandson.massge : '' }</p>
      <hr />
      <ThemeContext.Provider value={{ parentObj, grandsonCallback} }>
        <Child />
      </ThemeContext.Provider>
    </>
  )
}

export default Parent

最初

     其实在常见的组件通信中,以上的形式入不敷出、然而面对简单的大型项目中还是举荐采纳 redux 这样的状态存储对象来对立治理、如果 redux 灵活性不高,这里也举荐采纳 dva 进行治理、就像它的个性一样:疾速上手、易学易用。

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