Promise
一、promise的简略应用
new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
resolve("ok")
}).then(data => {
console.log(data) //OK
}, error => {
console.log(error)
})
//简化下
let promise = new Promise(executor)
promise.then(onFulfilled, onRejected)
须要留神的是
executor
是一个会被立刻执行的回调函数, 该函数带有两个参数,resolve
和reject
- 如果
executor
中调用了resolve(value)
,那么这个value
则会被传给onFulfilled
, 如第一个例子中console.log(data)
输入为ok
- 如果
executor
中调用了reject(value)
,那么这个value
则会被传给onRejected
,作为onRejected
的实参 - 还有一点须要留神的是,promise是带有状态的,开始默认为pending,当调用
resolve
后,状态变更为fulFilled
,当调用reject
后,状态变更为rejected
。当状态从pending
变更为fulFilled / reject
后,状态不可再扭转
二、Promise 的高级实现
让咱们持续带着第一个用例 来做个promise的高级实现
new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
resolve("ok")
}).then(data => {
console.log(data) //OK
}, error => {
console.log(error)
})
// 咱们带着例子逐行实现
// let executor = (resolve, reject) => { resolve("ok") }
// new Promise(executor)
class Promise {
constructor(executor){
this.status = "pending" //状态默认为期待态
//executor = (resolve, reject) => { resolve("ok") }
//传入的executor是一个带有两个参数的函数,
//并且参数resolve和reject都是可调用的函数
//所以咱们应该先申明这两个函数 而后当成实参传入 executor
const resolve = (value) => {
}
const reject = (error) => {
}
executor(resolve,reject)
}
}
// let executor = (resolve, reject) => { resolve("ok") }
// new Promise(executor)
class Promise {
constructor(executor){
this.status = "penging"
this.resValue = null
this.rejValue = null
// executor = (resolve, reject) => { resolve("ok") }
const resolve = (value) => {
// 如 resolve("ok") 中传入的"ok"
// 须要在前面代码的then的onFulilled中拿,故须要存储这个 value
this.resValue = value
// 并且调用resolve后,状态更改为fulfilled
if(this.status === "pending"){
this.status = "fulfilled"
}
}
const reject = (error) => {
this.rejValue = error
if(this.status === "pending"){
this.status = "rejected"
}
}
executor(resolve,reject)
}
}
// let promise = new Promise(executor)
// promise.then(onFulfilled, onRejected)
// 能够得出 promise 须要一个 then 办法
class Promise {
constructor(executor){
// 如上...
}
then(onFulfilled, onRejected){
//调用then办法的时候,要判断是以后状态是胜利还是失败
if(this.status === "fulfilled"){
//如果以后是胜利态
onFulfilled(this.value)
}
if(this.status === "rejected"){
//如果以后是失败态
onRejected(this.error)
}
}
}
这样算是根本实现了promise 的高级性能,然而当
new promise(executor)
传入的executor
为异步函数的时候,就会呈现问题。如下:
new Promise((resolve,reject)=>{
setTimeout(()=>{
resolve("ok")
},0)
}).then(data => {
console.log(data) //不会输入ok
})
// 其起因是:当 executor为异步函数传入new Promise`时
// 尽管立刻调用了executor,然而其为异步函数,会被推入微工作,不会马上执行
// 所以上面这个resolve 不会马上执行,会先执行宏工作的 then 办法
// 所以在执行then 办法的时候,promise的状态依然为 pending
class Promise {
constructor(executor){
// executor = setTimeout(()=>{resolve("ok")},0)
const resolve = (value) => {
// ** 2. 后执行
this.value = value
if(status === "pending"){
this.status = "fulfilled"
}
}
// ...
executor(resolve,reject)
}
then(onFulfilled, onRejected){
// ** 1. 先执行
if(this.status === "fulfilled"){
onFulfilled(this.value)
}
// ...
}
}
Promise 的高级实现之异步改良
当初的问题是, 在传入异步函数的时候,咱们执行到
then
办法的时候, 状态还是为pending
,所以无奈执行到onFulfilled
。咱们又须要在executor
中调用了resolve
后执行onFulfilled
。所以很天然的想到了应用公布订阅模式来解决。即在then
中判断到以后为期待态时(那executor
肯定是异步函数), 将onFulfilled
和onRejected
存起来, 在executor
中执行到resolve后 执行onFulfilled
。 上面是代码实现:
class Promise {
constructor(executor){
this.status = "pending"
//onFulfilled汇合
this.onFulfilledCallbacks = [ ]
//onRejected汇合
this.onRejectedCallbacks = [ ]
const resolve = (value) => {
this.resValue = value
if(status === "pending"){
this.status = "fulfilled"
// 公布
this.onFulfilledCallbacks.forEach(callback => {
callback(this.value)
})
}
}
const reject = (error) => {
this.rejValue = error
if(status === "pending"){
this.status = "rejected"
this.onRejectedCallbacks.forEach(callback => {
callback(this.error)
})
}
}
executor(resolve,reject)
}
then(onFulfilled, onRejected){
// 同步代码不变,减少异步状况代码
if(this.status === "fulfilled"){
onFulfilled(this.value)
}
if(this.status === "rejected"){
onRejected(this.error)
}
// 新增代码
if(this.status === "pending"){
// 曾经到then了,status的状态还没有扭转。
// 阐明 executor 中为异步函数
// 订阅
this.onFulfilledCallbacks.push((data)=>{
//切片
onFulfilled(data)
})
this.onRejectedCallbacks.push((error)=>{
onRejected(error)
})
}
}
}
以上就是promise 的高级实现,promise的外围在于他们链式调用。咱们在下一章具体介绍
三、理解promise的链式调用
new Promise((resolve,reject) => {
resolve("hello")
}).then(data => {
console.log(data) //hello
return "world"
}).then(data => {
console.log(data) //world
})
如果在then 中
return
一个简略值(非promise
),那么将在下一个 then 中的onFulfilled
取到这个值。
new Promise((resolve,reject) => {
resolve("hello")
}).then(data => {
throw new Error()
}).then(data => {
console.log(data)
},error => {
console.log(error) // Error
})
如果在then中抛出异样,那么将会在下一个then的
onRejected
拿到这个异样。
let promise1 = new Promise((resolve,reject) => {
resolve("hello")
}).then(data => {
return data
})
console.log(promise1) // Promise{<fulfilled>: "hello"}
// 能够看得出来: 在then办法中,会返回一个promise对象
// 因为promise的状态不可二次扭转, 所以返回的应该是一个新的promise对象
四、测试案例剖析
在实现promise的链式调用前, 首先要有个测试案例:
let promise1 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
setTimeout(() => {
resolve("the message is ")
}, 0);
})
let promise2 = promise1.then(data => {
let interPromise = new Promise((resolve,reject) => {
setTimeout(() => {
resolve(data + "that today is a happy day")
}, 0);
})
return interPromise
}, null)
我感觉有必要先剖析下这个 promise2
- 1.首先咱们晓得这个
promise1.then()
肯定是返回一个新的promise
,而且是一个带着实现或完结态的promise
- 2.所以在
then
的外部生成一个promise
,并且在外部实现了这个promise
的resolve(data)
,而且这个data
来之外部的interPromise
的resolve()
- 3.再看下这个
interPromise
, 他要想把外部的resolve(data + "that today is a happy day")
里的数据传给下层then
的promise
,那么只能是隐性的调用interPromise
的then
,并且在这个then
中, 调用下层promise
的resolve
- 这是
promise
中的最难点,如果没看懂,能够多看几遍,糊涂的话能够先看上面的代码实现,再回过头来看这段剖析
let promise3 = promise2.then(data => {
console.log(data) // expect: the message is that today is a happy day
})
六、promise的链式调用
该案例为了不便浏览和了解,就实现了最难的性能,并且省略了异样捕捉等内容。
// constructor不变,只对then办法进行了批改
class Promise {
constructor(executor) {
this.status = "pending"
this.resValue = null
this.rejValue = null
this.onfulfilledCallbacks = []
this.onrejectedCallbacks = []
const resolve = (value) => {
this.resValue = value
if (this.status === "pending") {
this.status = "fulfilled"
this.onfulfilledCallbacks.forEach(callback => {
callback(this.resValue)
})
}
}
const reject = (error) => {
this.rejValue = value
if (this.status === "pending") {
this.status = "rejected"
this.onrejectedCallbacks.forEach(callback => {
callback(this.rejValue)
})
}
}
executor(resolve, reject)
}
then(onFulfilled, onRejected) {
// onFulfilled = data => new Promise(...)
//then 办法返回promise2
const promise2 = new Promise( (resolve2,reject2) => {
if (this.status === "pending") {
//async
//这里须要一个实现一个异步
//因为在resolvePromise中须要 实现初始化的promise2
setTimeout(()=>{
this.onfulfilledCallbacks.push(data => {
//代入案例来看
//这个x = interPromise
let x = onFulfilled(data)
//而后判断这个x 是否是一个 promise
resolvePromise(x, resolve2, reject2)
})
this.onrejectedCallbacks.push(error => {
// 类比下面进行批改,这里不做批改
onRejected(error)
})
},0)
}
// 上面状况和下面同理,我不做批改
if (this.status === "fulfilled") {
onFulfilled(this.resValue)
}
if (this.status === "rejected") {
onRejected(this.rejValue)
}
})
return promise2
}
}
function resolvePromise(x, resolve2, reject2){
// 源码中有许多判断的异样捕捉,这里就实现最外围的代码
if((typeof x === "object" && typeof x !== "null")|| typeof x === "function"){
// x is a object or function
let then = x.then
if(typeof then === "function"){
// 在这里调用interPromise的then
// 并且调用下层promise的resolve
then.call(x,data => resolve2(data),null)
// x is a promise
// for example: x = new promise((resolve,reject) => {resolve("ok")})
}
}
}
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