关于javascript:理解Promise

promise 标准原理及实现

三个状态

• pending 筹备
• fulfilled 胜利
• rejected 失败

两个过程

(不可逆)

• pending -> fulfilled
• pending -> rejected

一个办法

• then 其余的 都是 then 派生的办法

Promise 数据结构

{[[PromiseState]]: "fulfilled",  // 外部状态
  [[PromiseResult]]: 1 // 外部变量
}

Promise Demo 运行阐明

const p = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {console.log(0);
  setTimeout(() => {const number = parseInt(Math.random() * 100);
    const isOdd = number % 2;
    if (isOdd) {resolve(number);
    } else {reject(0);
    }
  }, 2000);
});

console.log(1);

p.then((data) => {console.log(2);
}).catch((err) => {console.log(3);
});

console.log(4);

• new Promise 属于同步执行
• setTimeout 会开启异步线程
• 程序 0 1 4 2
• Promise 的参数是一个函数，该函数同步执行

• Promise 的参数 函数的参数，resolve reject 也是函数

  • resolve 作用

    • promise 定义中调用，传入胜利后果
    • 扭转 PromiseState 的状态为 fulfilled
    • 设置 PromiseResult 值

  • reject 作用

    • promise 定义中调用，传入失败起因
    • 扭转 PromiseState 的状态为 rejected
    • 设置 PromiseResult 值

• then 办法

  • 将监听函数退出队列
  • 返回一个新的 promise

promise 实质

生产者生产之模式，new promise 和 then 中生产回调提供生产，then catch finally; 达到链式调用形式改善回调天堂的目标

简略实现

const PROMISE_STATE_ENUM = {
  PEDDING: "pendding",
  FULFILLED: "fulfilled", // 胜利
  REJECTED: "rejected", // 失败
};

class MyPromise {callbacks = []; // 队列？数组？生产后出队？还是应为 promise.All

  constructor(fn) {
    this.state = PROMISE_STATE_ENUM.PEDDING;
    this.result = void 0;
    // console.log("同步执行");

    fn(function resolve(data) {if (this.state === PROMISE_STATE_ENUM.PEDDING) {
          this.state = PROMISE_STATE_ENUM.FULFILLED;
          this.result = data;
          this.callbacks.map((fn) => {fn(this.result);
          });
        }
      }.bind(this),
      function reject() {
        this.state = PROMISE_STATE_ENUM.REJECTED;
        return this;
      }.bind(this)
    );
  }

  then(onFulfilled, onRejected) {
    const self = this;
    let promise2;

    if (this.state === PROMISE_STATE_ENUM.PEDDING) {promise2 = new MyPromise(function (resolve, reject) {self.callbacks.push(() => {// setTimeout(function () {let x = onFulfilled(self.result);
            resolve(x);
          // });
        });
      });
    }

    if (this.state === PROMISE_STATE_ENUM.FULFILLED) {console.log("getdata");
      onFulfilled(this.result);
    }

    if (this.state === PROMISE_STATE_ENUM.REJECTED) {onRejected(this.result);
    }

    return promise2;
  }

  catch(onRejected) {this.then(null, onRejected)
  }

  finally() {}

  static all() {}

  static race() {}
  static allSettled() {}
  static any() {}
  static resolve(a) {return a;}
  static reject() {}
}

const p = new MyPromise(function (resolve, reject) {setTimeout(() => {if (1) {resolve("should data 123");
    } else {reject("error");
    }
  }, 300);
});

// console.dir(MyPromise);
// console.log(p, "p");

const p1 = p.then((resolve) => {// console.log(resolve, ": then 1");
    return 555
  },
  (error) => {console.log(error);
  }
);
// console.log(p1, "p1");

p1.then((data) => {// console.log(data, ": then 2");
});

// console.log(p, "p2");