关于javascript:分层架构UIEntity和Repository

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在明确了如何分层之后，咱们就能够把咱们的代码进行移动，把他们放到适合的层里去了。

依然以“注册”为例，咱们梳理一下它蕴含的性能，各自应该放到哪一层：

UI 层
应独立实现：
出现页面，接管用户输出
验证用户输出是否无效（比方：不能为空，最小字符串长度等）
注册胜利后跳转到“之前页面”

public class RegisterController:Controller
{public ActionResult Index(IndexModel model)
    {if (ModelState.IsValid)
        {//...}

        //...

        return Redirect("prepage");

留神：MVC 是一种“架构”，但不是咱们这里说的三层架构，Model View Controller 都在 UI 一层当中。

晚期的 web 开发（比方 ASP/JSP/PHP）什么层都没有，就 Html 外面嵌套逻辑（和.cshtml 里的代码块相似）就 OK 了，连贯数据库啥的都能够写在这些代码块里……

此外，还须要依赖

Repository
实现：用户名是否反复。

    public ActionResult Index(IndexModel model)
    {
        // 用户名是否已被应用
        UserRepository repository = new UserRepository();
        if (repository.GetByName(model.UserName) == null)
        {

咱们曾经大量的应用了各种 Repository 了，他们能够进行保留 / 读取 / 删除各种对象。

@想一想 @：增删改查，和数据库交互……repository 不是应该放在 DAL 层？

隐没的 DAL
因为 EF 等 ORM 工具的大量应用，很多同学会把 Repoistory 当做 DAL 应用。

@想一想 @：为什么不应认为 Repository 是 DAL？

留神：DAL 返回的不能是 BLL 的对象

反证，如果 Repository 是 DAL

它就应该由 Entity 调用……
它就不能返回 Entity，因为只能是 BLL 援用 DAL，不能 DAL（Rrepository）援用 BLL（Entity）啊！
实际上，Repository 应该属于 BLL。用 ADO.NET 能够更分明的看出它应该如何调用 DAL：

public User GetByName(string name)
{QueryHelper query = new QueryHelper();
    DbDataReader reader = query.GetBy(@"SELECT * FROM [User] WHERE [Name] = @name", 
        new SqlParameter("@name", name));

    User user = new User();
    reader.Read();
    user.UserName = reader["Name"].ToString();
    user.Password = reader["Password"].ToString();
    return user;
}

由此可见：

DAL 返回的不能是 BLL 的对象，只能是 DataReader/DataSet 之类的数据库封装对象。
ORM 超额完成了 DAL 的性能，^_^，更靠近于 Repository。温习：DbContext 的正文阐明
DbContext is a combination of the Unit Of Work and Repository patterns

Entity
须要被长久化（放到数据库）的类。

DTO 和充血模式
DTO（Data Transfer Object）：用于数据传递的对象.

Entity 必定是 DTO（将数据从 BLL 传到 UI），但除此以外，它还能有其余作用么？

贫血模式：Entity 就只能存储数据，所以只能有属性，不能有办法。
充血模式：Entity 除了存储数据还应该实现业务逻辑，所以不光有属性，还要有办法。
咱们抉择支流的“充血”模式。

业务逻辑实现
比方，给新用户（掉落）随机数量的帮帮币：

public int BMoney {get; set;}
public void Register()
{BMoney += new Random().Next(10);
}

在 Controller 外面的调用代码如下所示：

User user = new User
{
    UserName = model.UserName,
    Password = model.Password,
};
user.Register();    // 和数据库无关
repository.Add(user);

留神：Repository 模式和 Entity 业务逻辑的配合，是体现 BLL 价值（面向对象）的要害。

如果将业务逻辑简化成数据库的 UPDATE 操作（或者更简单的存储过程），就会造成“面向数据库”而不是“面向对象”的代码格调，BLL 层也就没有存在的价值。

没有 Repository
另外，因为 Entity 被 Repository 援用，所以 Entity 就不能再援用 Repository（两个 project 之间不能互相援用）。

这给咱们带来的益处是：

Entity 不依赖于特定的长久化形式，即它既能够被 SQL 存储，也能够被 Nosql 存储（如果需要的话）
Entity 可能不便的被单元测试
然而，也可能给咱们的开发带来不便。（如何不便，一言难尽，碰到了就晓得……简略的说，就是一个对象只能通过援用取得关联对象，无奈取得通过 Repository 查问失去的对象）

所以，也有由 Entity 援用 Repository，把 Repository 作为 Entity 汇合应用的（不举荐）。

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@想一想 @：能不能够间接应用 Enity 作为 MVC 外面的 Model？

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javascript
发表至： javascript
2020-12-27
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