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关于javascript:从零搭建-Nodejs-企业级-Web-服务器三中间件

对于中间件

狭义的中间件指操作系统以外可能为利用提供性能的软件,大到云计算厂商的各类服务,小到某一个字段的检测模块。Express 中间件特指基于 Express 中间件机制提供性能的软件模块。Express 在 3.x 及以前的版本依赖 Connect 作为底层提供中间件机制,从 4.x 版本开始内置了与 Connect 兼容的中间件机制,因而基于 Connect 的中间件都能间接在 Express 中应用。

Express 会将处理过程以队列的形式进行组织,在分派申请时,通过递归传递 next 办法顺次调用处理过程(详见源码):

写一个路由修改中间件

在上一章已实现的工程 host1-tech/nodejs-server-examples – 02-validate 有一个小小的问题,无法访问门路不标准的接口,比方无法访问 http://localhost:9000/api//shop:

当初通过中间件来解决此类问题:

$ mkdir src/middlewares       # 新建 src/middlewares 目录寄存自定义中间件

$ tree -L 2 -I node_modules   # 展现除了 node_modules 之外的目录内容构造
.
├── Dockerfile
├── package.json
├── public
│   ├── glue.js
│   ├── index.css
│   ├── index.html
│   └── index.js
├── src
│   ├── controllers
│   ├── middlewares
│   ├── moulds
│   ├── server.js
│   └── services
└── yarn.lock
// src/middlewares/urlnormalize.js
const {normalize} = require('path');
const {parse, format} = require('url');

module.exports = function urlnormalizeMiddleware() {return (req, res, next) => {const pathname = normalize(req.path);
    const urlParsed = parse(req.url);

    let shouldRedirect = false;

    // 重定向不标准的门路
    if (req.path != pathname) {
      urlParsed.pathname = pathname;
      shouldRedirect = true;
    }

    // 执行重定向或者略过
    if (shouldRedirect) {res.redirect(format(urlParsed));
    } else {next();
    }
  };
};
// src/middlewares/index.js
const {Router} = require('express');
const urlnormalizeMiddleware = require('./urlnormalize');

module.exports = async function initMiddlewares() {const router = Router();
  router.use(urlnormalizeMiddleware());
  return router;
};
// src/server.js
const express = require('express');
const {resolve} = require('path');
const {promisify} = require('util');
+const initMiddlewares = require('./middlewares');
const initControllers = require('./controllers');

// ...

async function bootstrap() {server.use(express.static(publicDir));
  server.use('/moulds', express.static(mouldsDir));
+  server.use(await initMiddlewares());
  server.use(await initControllers());
  await promisify(server.listen.bind(server, port))();
  console.log(`> Started on port ${port}`);
}

bootstrap();

拜访 http://localhost:9000/api//shop 即可看到主动重定向至无效路由:

补充店铺新增逻辑

到目前为止的店铺治理短少了店铺新增逻辑,因为 post 解析须要依赖 body-parser 这一中间件,所以才在本章补充这一性能。执行 body-parser 装置命令:

$ yarn add body-parser
# ...
info Direct dependencies
└─ body-parser@1.19.0
# ...

后端解决:

// src/services/shop.js
// ...
class ShopService {
  // ...
+  async create({values}) {+    await delay();
+
+    const id = String(
+      1 +
+        Object.keys(memoryStorage).reduce((m, id) => Math.max(m, id), -Infinity)
+    );
+
+    return {id, ...(memoryStorage[id] = values) };
+  }
}
// ...
// src/controllers/shop.js
const {Router} = require('express');
+const bodyParser = require('body-parser');
const shopService = require('../services/shop');
const {createShopFormSchema} = require('../moulds/ShopForm');

class ShopController {
  shopService;

  async init() {this.shopService = await shopService();

    const router = Router();
    router.get('/', this.getAll);
    router.get('/:shopId', this.getOne);
    router.put('/:shopId', this.put);
    router.delete('/:shopId', this.delete);
+    router.post('/', bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: false}), this.post);
    return router;
  }

  // ...

+  post = async (req, res) => {+    const { name} = req.body;
+
+    try {+      await createShopFormSchema().validate({name});
+    } catch (e) {+      res.status(400).send({success: false, message: e.message});
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const shopInfo = await this.shopService.create({values: { name} });
+
+    res.send({success: true, data: shopInfo});
+  };
}
// ...

前端解决:

// public/index.js
// ...
export async function refreshShopList() {const res = await fetch('/api/shop');
  const {data: shopList} = await res.json();
  const htmlItems = shopList.map(({ id, name}) => `
<li data-shop-id="${id}">
  <div data-type="text">${name}</div>
  <input type="text" placeholder="输出新的店铺名称" />
  <a href="#" data-type="modify"> 确认批改 </a>
  <a href="#" data-type="remove"> 删除店铺 </a>
  <div class="error"></div>
</li>`
  );
  document.querySelector('#root').innerHTML = `
<h1> 店铺列表:</h1>
-<ul class="shop-list">${htmlItems.join('')}</ul>`;
+<ul class="shop-list">${htmlItems.join('')}</ul>
+<h1> 店铺新增:</h1>
+<form method="post" action="/api/shop">
+  <label> 新店铺的名称:</label>
+  <input type="text" name="name" />
+  <button type="submit" data-type="create"> 确认新增 </button>
+  <span class="error"></span>
+</form>`;
}

export async function bindShopInfoEvents() {document.querySelector('#root').addEventListener('click', async (e) => {e.preventDefault();
    switch (e.target.dataset.type) {
      case 'modify':
        await modifyShopInfo(e);
        break;
      case 'remove':
        await removeShopInfo(e);
        break;
+      case 'create':
+        await createShopInfo(e);
+        break;
    }
  });
}

// ...

+export async function createShopInfo(e) {+  e.preventDefault();
+  const name = e.target.parentElement.querySelector('input[name=name]').value;
+
+  try {+    await createShopFormSchema().validate({name});
+  } catch ({message}) {+    e.target.parentElement.querySelector('.error').innerHTML = message;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  await fetch('/api/shop', {
+    method: 'POST',
+    headers: {
+      'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
+    },
+    body: `name=${encodeURIComponent(name)}`,
+  });
+
+  await refreshShopList();
+}

看一下店铺新增的成果:

本章源码

host1-tech/nodejs-server-examples – 03-middleware

更多浏览

从零搭建 Node.js 企业级 Web 服务器(零):动态服务
从零搭建 Node.js 企业级 Web 服务器(一):接口与分层
从零搭建 Node.js 企业级 Web 服务器(二):校验
从零搭建 Node.js 企业级 Web 服务器(三):中间件

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