作者:Escape
起源:https://escapelife.github.io/…
往往是因为网络传输的限度,导致很多时候,咱们须要在 Linux 零碎下进行大文件的切割。这样将一个大文件切割成为多个小文件,进行传输,传输结束之后进行合并即可。
- Linux 大文件的宰割与合并
- Linux 学习–文件宰割与合并
Linux 下大文件切割与合并
1. 文件切割 – split
在 Linux 零碎下应用 split 命令进行大文件切割很不便
[1] 命令语法
# -a: 指定输入文件名的后缀长度 (默认为 2 个:aa,ab...)
# -d: 指定输入文件名的后缀用数字代替
# -l: 行数宰割模式 (指定每多少行切成一个小文件; 默认行数是 1000 行)
# -b: 二进制宰割模式 (反对单位:k/m)
# -C: 文件大小宰割模式 (切割时尽量维持每行的完整性)
split [-a] [-d] [-l < 行数 >] [-b < 字节 >] [-C < 字节 >] [要切割的文件] [输入文件名]
[2] 应用实例
# 行切割文件
$ split -l 300000 users.sql /data/users_
# 应用数字后缀
$ split -d -l 300000 users.sql /data/users_
# 按字节大小宰割
$ split -d -b 100m users.sql /data/users_
[3] 帮忙信息
# 帮忙信息
$ split --help
Usage: split [OPTION]... [FILE [PREFIX]]
Output pieces of FILE to PREFIXaa, PREFIXab, ...;
default size is 1000 lines, and default PREFIX is 'x'.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
-a, --suffix-length=N generate suffixes of length N (default 2) 后缀名称的长度 (默认为 2)
--additional-suffix=SUFFIX append an additional SUFFIX to file names
-b, --bytes=SIZE put SIZE bytes per output file 每个输入文件的字节大小
-C, --line-bytes=SIZE put at most SIZE bytes of records per output file 每个输入文件的最大字节大小
-d use numeric suffixes starting at 0, not alphabetic 应用数字后缀代替字母后缀
--numeric-suffixes[=FROM] same as -d, but allow setting the start value
-e, --elide-empty-files do not generate empty output files with '-n' 不产生空的输入文件
--filter=COMMAND write to shell COMMAND; file name is $FILE 写入到 shell 命令行
-l, --lines=NUMBER put NUMBER lines/records per output file 设定每个输入文件的行数
-n, --number=CHUNKS generate CHUNKS output files; see explanation below 产生 chunks 文件
-t, --separator=SEP use SEP instead of newline as the record separator; 应用新字符宰割
'\0' (zero) specifies the NUL character
-u, --unbuffered immediately copy input to output with '-n r/...' 无需缓存
--verbose print a diagnostic just before each 显示宰割进度
output file is opened
--help display this help and exit 显示帮忙信息
--version output version information and exit 显示版本信息
The SIZE argument is an integer and optional unit (example: 10K is 10*1024).
Units are K,M,G,T,P,E,Z,Y (powers of 1024) or KB,MB,... (powers of 1000).
CHUNKS may be:
N split into N files based on size of input
K/N output Kth of N to stdout
l/N split into N files without splitting lines/records
l/K/N output Kth of N to stdout without splitting lines/records
r/N like 'l' but use round robin distribution
r/K/N likewise but only output Kth of N to stdout
GNU coreutils online help: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
Full documentation at: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/split>
or available locally via: info '(coreutils) split invocation'
2. 文件合并 – cat
在 Linux 零碎下应用 cat 命令进行多个小文件的合并也很不便
[1] 命令语法
# -n: 显示行号
# -e: 以 $ 字符作为每行的结尾
# -t: 显示 TAB 字符 (^I)
cat [-n] [-e] [-t] [输入文件名]
[2] 应用实例
# 合并文件
$ cat /data/users_* > users.sql
[3] 帮忙信息
# 帮忙信息
$ cat --h
Usage: cat [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Concatenate FILE(s) to standard output.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
-A, --show-all equivalent to -vET
-b, --number-nonblank number nonempty output lines, overrides -n
-e equivalent to -vE
-E, --show-ends display $ at end of each line
-n, --number number all output lines
-s, --squeeze-blank suppress repeated empty output lines
-t equivalent to -vT
-T, --show-tabs display TAB characters as ^I
-u (ignored)
-v, --show-nonprinting use ^ and M- notation, except for LFD and TAB
--help display this help and exit
--version output version information and exit
Examples:
cat f - g Output f's contents, then standard input, then g's contents.
cat Copy standard input to standard output.
GNU coreutils online help: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
Full documentation at: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/cat>
or available locally via: info '(coreutils) cat invocation'
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