简介
ConcurrentLinkedQueue 是 JUC 包下的线程平安的无界非阻塞队列,它与 BlockingQueue 接口实现类最大的不同就是,BlockingQueue 是阻塞队列,而 ConcurrentLinkedQueue 是非阻塞队列。这里的阻塞非阻塞,指的是队列满了或为空的时候,线程移除或放入元素的时候,是否须要阻塞挂起。BlockingQueue 底层是用锁实现的,而 ConcurrentLinkedQueue 底层应用 CAS 实现的。
实现原理
先来看重要的属性和数据结构:
// 头结点
private transient volatile Node<E> head;
// 尾结点
private transient volatile Node<E> tail;
public ConcurrentLinkedQueue() {head = tail = new Node<E>(null);
}
其中,Node 是它的外部类:
private static class Node<E> {
volatile E item;
volatile Node<E> next;
Node(E item) {UNSAFE.putObject(this, itemOffset, item);
}
// CAS 形式批改以后结点的元素
boolean casItem(E cmp, E val) {return UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, itemOffset, cmp, val);
}
// 提早设置以后结点的后继结点
void lazySetNext(Node<E> val) {
// 有序、提早版本的 putObjectVolatile 办法,不保障值的扭转被其余线程立刻可见。只有在 field 被 volatile 润饰时无效
UNSAFE.putOrderedObject(this, nextOffset, val);
}
// CAS 形式设置以后结点的后继结点
boolean casNext(Node<E> cmp, Node<E> val) {return UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, nextOffset, cmp, val);
}
// Unsafe mechanics
private static final sun.misc.Unsafe UNSAFE;
private static final long itemOffset;
private static final long nextOffset;
static {
try {UNSAFE = sun.misc.Unsafe.getUnsafe();
Class<?> k = Node.class;
itemOffset = UNSAFE.objectFieldOffset
(k.getDeclaredField("item"));
nextOffset = UNSAFE.objectFieldOffset
(k.getDeclaredField("next"));
} catch (Exception e) {throw new Error(e);
}
}
}
不难看出,ConcurrentLinkedQueue 是用单向链表实现的。
再来看它的重要办法实现:
offer 操作
public boolean offer(E e) {
// e 为空则抛空指针
checkNotNull(e);
// 结构待插入的元素结点
final Node<E> newNode = new Node<E>(e);
// 多线程环境下,从尾结点处,循环尝试插入
for (Node<E> t = tail, p = t;;) {
Node<E> q = p.next;
if (q == null) {
// q 为 null 阐明 p 是尾结点,尝试 CAS 插入
// p is last node
if (p.casNext(null, newNode)) {
// Successful CAS is the linearization point
// for e to become an element of this queue,
// and for newNode to become "live".
if (p != t) // hop two nodes at a time
casTail(t, newNode); // Failure is OK.
return true;
}
// Lost CAS race to another thread; re-read next
}
else if (p == q)
// We have fallen off list. If tail is unchanged, it
// will also be off-list, in which case we need to
// jump to head, from which all live nodes are always
// reachable. Else the new tail is a better bet.
p = (t != (t = tail)) ? t : head;
else
// Check for tail updates after two hops.
p = (p != t && t != (t = tail)) ? t : q;
}
}
我滴妈,逻辑太简单了,后续再剖析,明天先睡了。